scholarly journals Anaemia among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Kyenjojo and Kole Districts in Uganda: Prevalence and Associated Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 119-129
Author(s):  
James Ssekitooleko
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

Anemia during pregnancy is a major public health problem, with a global prevalence of 41.8%. It is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Information on the prevalence of anemia and associated factors among pregnant women in the study area is limited. This study aimed at determining the prevalence and predictors of anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics (ANC) in Kyenjojo and Kole Districts, Uganda. Cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected pregnant women. Quantitative data was collected using a structured questionnaire that captured demographic and obstetric characteristics. Haemoglobin concentration (Hb) was determined using HemoCue 201+. The study outcome was the prevalence of anaemia (Hb <11 g/dl). Chi-square, odds ratio, and logistic regression were used to test for associations. Of the total 760 pregnant women who participated in this study, 20.1% were anaemic. The prevalence varied from 13.4% in Kyenjojo to 26.9% in Kole District. Of 153 anaemic women, 121 (97%) were mildly anaemic, 27 (18%) moderately anemic, and 5(3%) severely anemic. Malaria infection [AOR: 0.46, 95% CI (0.26 – 0.83)], primigravida [AOR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.29-0.93], and residing in Kole [AOR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.32-0.76] were significant predictors of low haemoglobin concentration. This study highlighted the high prevalence of anaemia in our settings and the significant association between anaemia and malaria among pregnant women. Therefore, routine screening of pregnant women for anemia, malaria, and other risk factors during their first ANC visit is recommended to identify those at risk and prompt management provided to curb their negative consequences.

scholarly journals Opportunistic Infections and Associated Factors among HIV/AIDS Patients taking Ante-Retroviral Therapy at Selected Hospitals in Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A facility-based cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demelash Wachamo ◽  
Fisseha Bonja
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Opportunistic infections are late complications of HIV infection is the depletion of the immune system. It is a major public health problem and high morbidity AIDS patients die of AIDS-related infections in developing countries like Ethiopia. Identification of opportunistic infections (OIs) is important to develop a specific intervention. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the burden and associated factors of opportunistic infections.Method A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 420 randomly selected HIV/AIDS patients taking anti-retroviral therapy. Data was collected from selected hospitals in Sidama Zone based on population proportion to size. Data was collected by a pre-tested questionnaire and a pre-tested checklist from the medical records of patients. Data entry and analyzed for descriptive and logistic regression models by SPSS v.23. The result declared as statistically significant at p < 0.05.Result The magnitude of opportunistic infections was 39.6%. Major identified OIs was oral candidacies 23.2%, recurrent bacterial pneumonia 21.5%, Herpes zoster 6.3%, and Pulmonary Tuberculosis 6.0%.The magnitude of opportunistic associated with; older age [AOR=2.69, 95% CI: 1.33-5.43], No formal education [AOR=3.12, 95% CI: 1.06-9.25], Low monthly income [AOR=2.27, 95%CI:1.35-3.83], initial CD4 count less than 200 cells/mm3 [AOR=1.91, 95% CI:1.05-3.46), WHO clinical stage II [AOR=2.43, 95% CI:1.34-4.42] and stage III and IV [AOR=4.27, 95% CI: 2.12-8.59], had no extra medicine additional to ART (prophylaxis) had [AOR= 5.91, 95% CI: 3.31-10.56], who interrupt ART medicines [AOR=2.03, 95% CI: 1.09- 3.80] and Khat chewing [AOR=5.48, 95% CI: 2.32-12.96] when compared to their counterparts.Conclusions The overall magnitude of opportunistic infections was high when compared with other studies. Health officials and clinicians need to give attention on the strengthening of the provision if ART with prophylaxis on early-stage and adhrerence, implementation of the TB/HIV collaboration activity, and early initiation of ART to reduce opportunistic infections.

scholarly journals Nutritional Status of Children and Its Associated Factors in Selected Earthquake-Affected VDCs of Gorkha District, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Asmita Shrestha ◽  
Chet Kant Bhusal ◽  
Binjwala Shrestha ◽  
Kiran Dev Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children ◽  
Food Insecure Households

Background. Malnutrition is a major public health problem and most enveloping cause of morbidity and mortality among children and adolescents throughout the world. This study was aimed at assessing the nutritional status and associated factors among 6-10-year-old children in selected earthquake-affected areas of Gorkha district, Nepal. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study among 420 mothers having children of age groups 6-10 years (with anthropometric measurement among children) was conducted using a mixed method in selected earthquake-affected areas of Gorkha district, Nepal, from October 2015 to April 2016. Gorkha was selected purposively from 14 earthquake-affected districts. Two village development committees were selected randomly among 6 having severe impact. Randomly, 5 wards were selected from each of the 2 village development committees. As the sample was 420, 42 children were selected randomly from every ward. Result. Among the 420 children, 31.9% were underweight, 51.9% were stunted, and 2.9% were wasted after the earthquake. Children who were more prone to being underweight were the following: male children (RR=1.34 95% CI: 1.01-1.78) and children from illiterate mothers (RR=2.49, 95% CI: 1.85-3.36), illiterate fathers (RR=1.73, 95% CI: 1.32-2.27), and homemaker mothers (RR=0.28, 95% CI: 0.20-0.38); children whose families were using nonimproved sources of water (RR=2.60, 95% CI: 1.07-6.60); and households having food insecurity (RR=12.97, 95% CI: 3.29-51.18). Similarly, children of illiterate fathers (RR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.41-1.97), children of illiterate mothers (RR=2.32, 95% CI: 1.91-2.83), children of homemaker mothers (RR=0.59, 95% CI: 0.49-0.70), children whose family were using treated water (RR=0.32, 95% CI: 0.15-0.67), and children from food insecure households (RR=10.52, CI: 4.05-27.33) were found to be stunted. After adjustment, children from households consuming nonimproved water were 6 times more likely (OR=6.75; 95% CI: 1.59-28.62) to be wasted. Conclusion. Illiterate mothers, illiterate fathers, mothers engaged in occupation other than household work, and food insecure households were found to be independent predictors of underweight and stunting. Nonimproved source of drinking water was found to be independent predictors of wasting.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Factors of Tuberculosis in Prisons Settings of East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mucheye Gizachew Beza ◽  
Emirie Hunegnaw ◽  
Moges Tiruneh
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Coinfection ◽  
Rural Dwellers ◽  
Prison Admission

Background. Tuberculosis, mainly in prisoners, is a major public health problem in Ethiopia where there is no medical screening during prison admission. This creates scarcity of TB data in such settings. Objective. To determine prevalence and associated factors of TB in prisons in East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to May 2016 among 265 prisoners in three prison sites. Sputum was processed using GeneXpert MTB/RIF. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Multivariable logistic regression was used; p values = 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results. Of 265 prisoners, 9 (3.4%) were TB positive (males); 77.8%, 55.6%, and 55.6% of cases were rural dwellers, married, and farmers, respectively. Seven (2.6%) prisoners were HIV positive, and 3 (1.13%) had TB/HIV coinfection. One (0.4%) TB case was rifampicin resistant. Marriage (AOR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.7, 13.03), HIV (AOR = 0.14; 95% CI: 0.001, 0.17), and sharing of rooms (AOR = 1.62; 95% CI: 2.6, 10.20) were predictors for TB. Conclusion. Nine prisoners were TB positive. One case showed rifampicin resistance and three had TB/HIV coinfection. Marriage, HIV, and sharing of rooms were predictors for TB. Prevention/control and monitoring are mandatory in such settings.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors of diarrhea among under-five children in Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia 2018: A cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sisay Shine ◽  
Sindew Muhamud ◽  
Solomon Adnew ◽  
Alebachew Demelash
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Rota Virus ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Debre Berhan

Abstract Introduction Diarrhea is responsible for 525,000 under five children deaths and 1.7 billion cases in the world and the second leading cause of death among under-five children. It is the major public health problem in developing countries like Ethiopia. The main aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of diarrhea among under-five children in Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia.Methods Community based cross-sectional study design was done among 420 children in Debre Behan Town. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were collected by using pre-tested and structured questionnaire. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were used to assess level of significance.Results The two week prevalence of diarrhea among under-five children was 16.4%. Age of children with 7-11 month years old (AOR: 4.2, 95%CI: 1.2 – 15.3), being the second children (AOR: 3.9, 95%CI: 1.8 – 8.5), not vaccinated against Rota virus (AOR: 10.3, 95%CI: 3.2 – 91.3) and feeding children by using hand (AOR: 2.5, 95%CI: 1.1 - 6.1) were significant predictors of under five children diarrhea.Conclusions This study revealed that the two weeks’ period prevalence of under-five diarrhea was relatively high. Age of children, vaccination against Rota virus and feeding children by using hand were associated with under-five children diarrhea. Education program on the important of vaccination against Rota virus and critical point of hand washing is recommended.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors of Internet addiction among college students using smartphone in Tamil Nadu -A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 4525
Author(s):  
Mariavinifa X. ◽  
Govindarajan P. K. ◽  
John William A. Felix
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: There has been rapid growth on the internet not only in India, but also in worldwide. It is a major public health problem affecting an enormous number of individuals. The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of Internet addiction and its associated factors among college students using smartphone in Tamil Nadu.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Annamalai University from October 2019 to October 2020.A total of five hundred students from various streams (medicine, dental, bachelor of physiotherapy, engineering, arts and science) were selected conveniently and a self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. A questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic data, questions on internet usage and Young's internet addiction test were used to gather data. Descriptive Statistics was defined in terms of percentage and frequency. Inferential statistics was analysed with Chi-Square test.Results: Out of the five hundred students, 45.4% were males, 54.6 % were females .The users were divided into groups, 38.8 % as normal users, 37% as mild addicts, 21% as moderate addicts, 3.2% as severe addicts. Thus overall prevalence of internet addiction was 61.2%. Degree of internet addiction was significantly associated with age, time spent daily on the internet and using internet for social media, online communications and playing online games.Conclusions: The present study showed a prevalence of internet addiction is high among college students. Therefore, it’s essential to make awareness among the students to enhance their quality of life through the prevention of addictive usage of the internet.  

scholarly journals Magnitude And Associated Factors Of Delayed Immunization Among Children Aged11 -23 Months In Edagahamus Town, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2018

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merhawit Gebremeskel Hagos ◽  
Teferi Gebru Gebremeskel ◽  
Selam Shushay Kassahun ◽  
Birhane Hailu Gebrezgi ◽  
Manay Kifle Woldegebriel
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Disease Epidemics ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background Delay in receiving immunization is a major public health problem that has been associated with vaccine preventable disease epidemics. In Ethiopia, many children have not received the benefits of age appropriate immunization; thus more than 90% of child deaths are largely due to preventable communicable diseases. Therefore, assessment of magnitude and associated factors of delayed child immunization is essential to prevent morbidity and mortality among children. Objective To assess magnitude and factors associated with delayed immunization among 11 -23 months old children in Edagahamus Town, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2018 G.C. Method and materials A community based Cross-Sectional study was carried out on July1-30, 2018. Simple random sampling method was used to select study participants. Information was collected using structured, pre-tested questionnaire. Vaccination dates were obtained from children immunization cards and timeliness assessed based on the recommended age ranges. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Variable with P-value < 0.2 in bivariatewere exported to multivariate. The strength of association was identified using odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) and P-value of <0.05 in multivariate was taken statistically significant. Results In this study the overall magnitude of delayed immunization was29.5%(95%CI 26.7-45). Private firm work of mothers(AOR=0.205 95% CI 0.068-0.617), sickness of the child(AOR= 11.8, 95% CI 6.16-22.65), Mothers who attend tertiary education (AOR 0.169, 95% CI 0.032-0.882) and secondary education (AOR 0.269, 95% CI 0.114-0.636) were significantly associated with delayed immunization. Conclusion From the study it is concluded that the magnitude of delayed immunization for children aged 12-23 months is high (29.5%) in Edagahamus. Delayed immunizations of children were predicted by Mother’s occupation, education and experience of illness of the child.

Preterm birth and associated factors among mothers who gave birth in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 338-345
Author(s):  
Alekaw Sema ◽  
Nigus Kassie ◽  
Bezabih Amsalu ◽  
Yalelet Belay ◽  
Alemu Guta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Dire Dawa ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background The highest rate of preterm birth in the world is in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. However, there is limited data in this study area. Therefore, this study aims to assess the prevalence and associated factors of preterm birth in Dire Dawa City, Eastern Ethiopia. Method An institutional-based, cross-sectional study was conducted with 420 respondents. Conclusion Preterm birth is still a major public health problem in Dire Dawa City.

scholarly journals Abortion in women partners of inmates: prevalence and associated factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Débora Cristina Martins ◽  
Giordana Maronezzi da Silva ◽  
Beatriz Maria dos Santos Santiago Ribeiro ◽  
Giovanna Brichi Pesce ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Molena Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Female Partners ◽  
Women Partners

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze factors and behaviors associated with the prevalence of abortion in female partners of prisoners. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach carried out with 349 women of inmates in three penitentiaries in the State of Paraná. For data collection, it was used validated instrument BSSB - Brazilian Study on Sexual Behavior. Descriptive analyzes were processed, and through the Chi-square test, the occurrence of abortion and the researched variables were associated. Results: (38.3%) of the women reported abortion throughout their lives, there was an association between women under the age of 30 (p=<0.001), who reported smoking (p=<0.044), not using condoms (p=<0.001), who suffered sexual violence (p = <0.050) and who reported a diagnosis of Sexually Transmitted Infections (p=<0.001). Conclusion: The present study showed associated factors for high prevalence of abortion in women partners of inmates. Abortion is considered an important public health problem and needs to be treated with priority by public health policies in different population groups.

scholarly journals Nutritional Characteristics of Pregnant Women and its Relation with Anemia during Pregnancy in a Sample of Kurdish Women/Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Rushna G. Abdulwahid ◽  
Hamdia M. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Anemia During Pregnancy

Anemia in pregnancy is a major public health problem, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to assess the nutritional characteristics of pregnant women and find out its relationship with anemia during pregnancy. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 600 pregnant women who attended four primary health-care centers which randomly selected according to the geographical area. A specially designed questionnaire was prepared by the researcher after extensive review of relevant literature. The severity of anemia is determined according to Alene and Dohe. Estimation and calculation of dietary characteristics was done according to food frequency questionnaire, frequencies and percentage, mean and standard deviations, and Chi-square test of association and regression analysis. There was a highly statistically significant association between anemia with eating vegetables and chicken, and a high significant relation of anemia with eating beef and eating nuts. Furthermore, there was a highly significant association between severity of anemia with eating nuts, and a significant association with eating vegetables, while there was no significant association with other variables. Logistic regression analysis revealed that eating less than normal of vegetables, beef, and nuts were indicated risks of anemia. Eating less than normal of vegetables, beef, and nuts were indicated risks of anemia during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Alcohol consumption among tertiary students in the Hohoe municipality, Ghana: analysis of prevalence, effects, and associated factors from a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Gyan Aboagye ◽  
Nuworza Kugbey ◽  
Bright Opoku Ahinkorah ◽  
Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽  
Abdul Cadri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Lifetime Prevalence ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Alcohol consumption constitutes a major public health problem as it has negative consequences on the health, social, psychological, and economic outcomes of individuals. Tertiary education presents students with unique challenges and some students resort to the use of alcohol in dealing with their problems. This study, therefore, sought to determine alcohol use, its effects, and associated factors among tertiary students in the Hohoe Municipaility of Ghana. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 418 tertiary students in the Hohoe Municipality of Ghana using a two-stage sampling technique. Data were collected using structured questionnaires. A binary logistic regression modelling was used to determine the strength of the association between alcohol consumption and the explanatory variables. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Stata version 16.0 was used to perform the analysis. Results The lifetime prevalence of alcohol consumption was 39.5%. Out of them, 49.1% were still using alcohol, translating to an overall prevalence of 19.4% among the tertiary students. Self-reported perceived effects attributed to alcohol consumption were loss of valuable items (60.6%), excessive vomiting (53.9%), stomach pains/upset (46.1%), accident (40.0%), unprotected sex (35.1%), risk of liver infection (16.4%), depressive feelings (27.3%), diarrhoea (24.2%), debt (15.2%), and petty theft (22.4%). In terms of factors associated with alcohol consumption, students aged 26 years and above were more likely to have consumed alcohol [AOR = 4.4, 95%CI = 1.74, 11.14] than those in 16–20 years group. Muslim students had lower odds of alcohol consumption compared to Christians [AOR = 0.1, 95% CI = 0.02, 0.31]. It was also found that students who had peer influence [AOR = 3.7, 95%CI = 2.31, 5.82] and those who had academic adjustment problems [AOR = 3.6, 95% CI = 2.01, 6.46] were more likely to consume alcohol. Conclusion Lifetime prevalence of alcohol consumption is high among tertiary students in the Hohoe Municipality of Ghana, with several physical, psychosocial and economic consequences. Alcohol-related education should be intensified in tertiary institutions and counseling units should be equipped with relevant assessment tools to assess and help students who are at risk and those who are already consuming alcohol.

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