Monitoring and Measuring the Urban Forms Using Spatial Metrics of Howrah City, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 19-39
Author(s):  
Somnath Mandal ◽  
Sanjit Kundu ◽  
Subrata Haldar ◽  
Subhasis Bhattacharya ◽  
Suman Paul
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Landscape Metrics ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Spatiotemporal Patterns ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Spatial Metrics ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Urban Rural

Monitoring and measurement of urban growth pattern with the help of urban-rural gradient and spatial metrics are gaining significant importance in recent times. Rapid and unplanned urban growth has a great impact on natural resources, local ecology, forestry and infrastructure. Temporal satellite data, gradient analysis and landscape metrics of urban landscapes will help to evolve appropriate strategies for integrated planning and sustainable management of natural resources. This communication focuses on spatiotemporal patterns of land use dynamics of Howrah Municipal Corporation (HMC), India and its surroundings with six buffer zones of 2kms. Analysis has been carried out on HMC using temporal remote sensing data. HMC has been used to identify the changes in the gradient of urban to peri-urban and rural regions. Further, the entire study area has been divided into eight zones radiated from city center based on directions. Different landscape metrics have been computed for each zone which helps to understand the spatiotemporal patterns and associated dynamics of the landscape at local levels.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal patterns of urbanization in three Swiss urban agglomerations: insights from landscape metrics, growth modes and fractal analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martí Bosch ◽  
Jérôme Chenal
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Landscape Metrics ◽  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Spatiotemporal Patterns ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Coalescence Model ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
Growth Modes ◽  
Urban Growth Modes

AbstractUrbanization is currently a global phenomenon that has become the most important form of landscape change and is increasingly affecting biodiversity and ecosystem functions. In order to evaluate the impacts of urbanization and inform urban planning, it is important to understand the spatiotemporal patterns of land use change associated to urbanization. This paper exploits three different frameworks, namely landscape metrics, urban growth modes and fractal analysis to characterize the spatiotemporal patterns of urbanization of the Swiss urban agglomerations of Zurich, Bern and Lausanne. The land use inventory provided by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office was used to assemble four temporal snapshots from 1980 to 2016 at the extent of the urban agglomerations. The time series of landscape metrics generally supports the diffusion and coalescence model of urban growth, with Zurich exhibiting most characteristics of coalescence while Bern and Lausanne seem to be at the transition between diffusion and coalescence. Nevertheless, the analysis of the urban growth modes suggest that leapfrog development occurs at all periods, which contributes to an increasing fragmentation of natural patches and maintains the fractal configuration of the landscape. The discussion reviews potential explanations for the observed landscape changes, and concludes with some planning implications.

scholarly journals Quantifying Spatiotemporal Patterns and Major Explanatory Factors of Urban Expansion in Miami Metropolitan Area During 1992–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 2493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaikh Abdullah Al Rifat ◽  
Weibo Liu
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Landscape Metrics ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Spatiotemporal Patterns ◽  
Metropolitan Statistical Area ◽  
Median Income ◽  
Explanatory Factors

Urban expansion is one of the most dramatic forms of land transformation in the world and it is one of the greatest challenges in achieving sustainable development in the 21st century. Previous studies analyzed urbanization patterns in areas with rapid urban expansion while urban areas with low to moderate expansion have been overlooked, especially in developed countries. In this study, we examined the spatiotemporal dynamics of urban expansion patterns in South Florida, United States (US) over the last 25 years (1992–2016) using Remote Sensing and GIS techniques. The main goal of this paper was to investigate the degree and spatiotemporal patterns of urban expansion at different administrative level in the study area and how spatiotemporal variance in different explanatory factors influence urban expansion in this region. More specifically, this research quantifies the rates, types, intensity, and landscape metrics of urban expansion in Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Palm Beach, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area (Miami MSA) which is the 7th largest MSA and 4th largest urbanized area in the US using remote sensing (satellite imageries) data from National Land Cover Datasets (NLCD) and Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP) at 30 m spatial resolution. We further investigated the urban growth patterns at the county and city areas that are located within this MSA to portray the local ‘picture’ of urban growth in this region. Urban expansion in this region can be divided into two time periods: pre-2001 and post-2001 where the former experienced rapid urban expansion and the later had comparatively slow urban expansion. Results suggest that infilling was the dominant type of urban expansion followed by edge-expansion and outlying. Results from landscape metrics represent that newly developed urban lands became more aggregated and simplified in form as the time progressed in the study region. Also, new urban lands were generated away from the east coast and historic cities which eventually created new urban cores. We also used correlation analysis and multiple linear stepwise regression to address major explanatory factors of spatiotemporal change in urban expansion during the study period. Although the influence of factors on urban expansion varied temporally, Population and Distance to Coast were the strongest variables followed by Distance to Roads and Median Income that influence overall urban expansion in the study area.

scholarly journals Quantifying the spatiotemporal patterns of urbanization along urban-rural gradient with a roadscape transect approach: a case study in Shanghai, China

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhonghao Zhang ◽  
Yao-Jen Tu ◽  
Xin Li
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Metrics ◽  
Gradient Analysis ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Spatiotemporal Patterns ◽  
Landscape Patterns ◽  
Zone Method ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Transect Approach

Quantifying the landscape pattern change can effectively demonstrate the ecological progresses and the consequences of urbanization. Based on remotely sensed land cover data in 1994, 2000, 2006 and a gradient analysis with landscape metrics at landscape- and class- level, we attempted to characterize the individual and entire landscape patterns of Shanghai metropolitan during the rapid urbanization. We highlighted that a roadscape transect approach that combined the buffer zone method and the transect-based approach was introduced to describe the urban-rural patterns of agricultural, residential, green, industrial, and public facilities land along the railway route. Our results of landscape metrics showed significant spatiotemporal patterns and gradient variations along the transect. The urban growth pattern in two time spans conform to the hypothesis for diffusion–coalescence processes, implying that the railway is adaptive as a gradient element to analyze the landscape patterns with urbanization. As the natural landscape was replaced by urban landscape gradually, the urban fringe expanded radically. The results also showed that the desakota region expanded its extent widely. Satellite towns witnessed the continual transformation from the predominantly rural landscape to peri-urban landscape. Furthermore, the gap between urban and rural areas remained large especially in public service. More reasonable urban plans and land use policies should push to make more of an effort to transition from the urban-rural separation to coordinated urban-rural development. This study is a meaningful trial in demonstrating a new form of urban–rural transects to study the landscape change of large cities from a strategic viewpoint. By combining gradient analysis with landscape metrics, we addressed the process of urbanization both spatially and temporally, and provided a more quantitative approach to urban studies.

scholarly journals Quantification of Urban Patterns and Processes through Space and Time Using Remote Sensing Data: A Comparative Study between Three Saudi Arabian Cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12615
Author(s):  
Abdullah F. Alqurashi
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Landscape Metrics ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Saudi Arabian ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Sensing Data ◽  
Urban Patterns ◽  
Patterns And Processes

Saudi Arabia has developed rapidly over the last five decades in the wake of an extensive development programme implemented by the government throughout the entire country. Several previous studies have measured the extent and rate of urbanization in Saudi Arabian cities, but most of this research used only remote sensing data or a single index to explain urban growth patterns. This study used satellite data and a set of landscape metrics to quantify the spatiotemporal urban growth patterns and processes in three Saudi Arabian cities–Riyadh, Jeddah and Makkah. First, Landsat images were collected and classified for the years 1985, 1990, 2000, 2007, 2014 and 2020. Classification was carried out through an object-based image analysis (OBIA) to map the extent of urbanization. The classified maps were then used to compute seven landscape metrics to determine the spatial configuration of urban areas. The spatial metrics were calculated for the entire landscape and across buffer zones that were delineated from the urban core centre of each city. The overall accuracies were >94% for all the classified maps. The spatiotemporal results indicated that all three cities have experienced significant urban growth during the last four decades. Urban patterns in Jeddah were more dispersed than in Riyadh, which showed aggregated patterns (especially in recent years), while urban growth in Makkah tended to be more fragmented. The urban form in Riyadh was relatively simple, while a complex form was associated with Makkah and Jeddah. Understanding the rates, patterns, processes and trajectories of changes to urban land use is essential for various decision-making processes.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Spatiotemporal Uncertainty in Urbanization Predictions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 512
Author(s):  
Jairo Alejandro Gómez ◽  
ChengHe Guan ◽  
Pratyush Tripathy ◽  
Juan Carlos Duque ◽  
Santiago Passos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Growth ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Public Utility ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
New Town ◽  
Spatiotemporal Uncertainty

With the availability of computational resources, geographical information systems, and remote sensing data, urban growth modeling has become a viable tool for predicting urbanization of cities and towns, regions, and nations around the world. This information allows policy makers, urban planners, environmental and civil organizations to make investments, design infrastructure, extend public utility networks, plan housing solutions, and mitigate adverse environmental impacts. Despite its importance, urban growth models often discard the spatiotemporal uncertainties in their prediction estimates. In this paper, we analyzed the uncertainty in the urban land predictions by comparing the outcomes of two different growth models, one based on a widely applied cellular automata model known as the SLEUTH CA and the other one based on a previously published machine learning framework. We selected these two models because they are complementary, the first is based on human knowledge and pre-defined and understandable policies while the second is more data-driven and might be less influenced by any a priori knowledge or bias. To test our methodology, we chose the cities of Jiaxing and Lishui in China because they are representative of new town planning policies and have different characteristics in terms of land extension, geographical conditions, growth rates, and economic drivers. We focused on the spatiotemporal uncertainty, understood as the inherent doubt in the predictions of where and when will a piece of land become urban, using the concepts of certainty area in space and certainty area in time. The proposed analyses in this paper aim to contribute to better urban planning exercises, and they can be extended to other cities worldwide.

scholarly journals Inequalities in life expectancy by place of residence and its changes in Lithuania during 1990-2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sauliune ◽  
O Mesceriakova-Veliuliene ◽  
R Kalediene
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
National Mortality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Notable Increase ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract Introduction Health inequalities have emerged as a big issue of public health in Lithuania. Recent studies have demonstrated increasing mortality differentials between different socio-demographic groups of the population. Urban/rural place of residence is related with a set of socio-economic characteristics, different access to material resources, presence or absence of social support, and attitudes to health-related behavior. The aim of the study To determine inequalities in life expectancy and its changes by place of residence (urban/rural) in Lithuania during 1990-2018. Methods Information on deaths and population numbers for the period of 1990-2018 was obtained from National Mortality Register and Population Register. Life expectancy for males and females of urban and rural populations was calculated using life tables. Changes in the magnitude of life expectancy inequalities by place of residence were assessed using rate differences (urban-rural); while trends in inequalities were estimated by conducting the Joinpoint regression analysis. Results Life expectancy among males and females was longer in urban compared to rural areas throughout the entire study period. Life expectancy increased statistically significantly for urban and rural males and females with the most notable increase for males, especially those living in rural areas (on average by 0.4% per year from 64.1 years in 1990 to 70.05 years in 2018). Inequalities in life expectancy by place of residence decreased statistically significantly among Lithuanian males from 3.48 years in 1990 to 1.39 years in 2018, while among females only the tendency of decrease was estimated. Conclusions Inequalities in life expectancy of males and females by place of residence decreased significantly in Lithuania throughout the period of 1990-2018, mainly due to positive changes in life expectancy among rural males. Key messages Inequalities in life expectancy of males and females by place of residence decreased significantly in Lithuania throughout the period of 1990-2018. Life expectancy increased for Lithuanian urban and rural males and females with the most notable increase for males, especially those living in rural areas.

Remote sensing and GIS forest landscape assessment for sustainable forest management

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-26
Author(s):  
A.F. Chukwuka ◽  
A. Alo ◽  
O.J. Aigbokhan
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Markov Chain Model ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Spatial Metrics ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Land Cover Types

This study set out to assess the dynamic characteristics of the Ikere forest reserve landscape between 1985 and 2017 using remote sensing data and spatial metrics. Landscape of the study area maintained complex patterns of spatial heterogeneity over the years. Forest cover loss to other land cover types results in new large non-forest area at increasing rate. As at the year 2017, the changes in land cover types were not yet at equilibrium, thus the need to determine the future forest cover extent using a three-way markov Chain model. The decrease in number of patches of forest land (NumP) with increase in its mean patch size (MPS) shows that the forest is becoming a single unit probably due to clearing of existing patches of forest trees. The decrease in class diversity and evenness (SDI and SEI) of the general landscape over the years strengthens this assertion. The findings of this study would be very helpful to government and other stakeholders responsible for ensuring sustainable forest and general environment. Keyword: Landscape, Spatial metrics, sustainable forest and Environment

scholarly journals A REVIEW OF 3D GIS FOR USE IN CREATING VIRTUAL HISTORIC DUBLIN

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W9 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
A. Chenaux ◽  
M. Murphy ◽  
S. Pavia ◽  
S. Fai ◽  
T. Molnar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Public Works ◽  
3D Gis ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Interactive 3D ◽  
Under Construction

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> This paper illustrates how BIM integration with GIS is approached as part of the workflow in creating Virtual Historic Dublin. A design for a WEB based interactive 3D model of historic buildings and centres in Dublin City (Virtual Historic Dublin City) paralleling smart city initiates is now under construction and led by the National Monuments at the Office of Public Works in Ireland. The aim is to facilitate the conservation and maintenance of historic infrastructure and fabric and the dissemination of knowledge for education and cultural tourism using an extensive Historic Building Information Model. Remote sensing data is now processed with greater ease to create 3D intelligent models in Historic BIM. While the use of remote sensing, HBIM and game engine platforms are the main applications used at present, 3D GIS has potential to form part of the workflow for developing the Virtual Historic City. 2D GIS is now being replaced by 3D spatial data allowing more complex analysis to be carried out, 3D GIS can define and depict buildings, urban rural centres in relation to their geometry topological, semantic and visualisation properties. The addition of semantic attributes allows complex analysis and 3D spatial queries for modelling city and urban elements. This analysis includes fabric and structural elements of buildings, relief, vegetation, transportation, water bodies, city furniture and land use.</p>

Integration of Satellite Remote Sensing Techniques and Landscape Metrics to Characterize Land Cover Change and Dynamics

2013 ◽  
pp. 228-244
Author(s):  
Carmelo Riccardo Fichera ◽  
Giuseppe Modica ◽  
Maurizio Pollino
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Landscape Metrics ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Aerial Photos ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques

One of the most relevant applications of Remote Sensing (RS) techniques is related to the analysis and the characterization of Land Cover (LC) and its change, very useful to efficiently undertake land planning and management policies. Here, a case study is described, conducted in the area of Avellino (Southern Italy) by means of RS in combination with GIS and landscape metrics. A multi-temporal dataset of RS imagery has been used: aerial photos (1954, 1974, 1990), Landsat images (MSS 1975, TM 1985 and 1993, ETM+ 2004), and digital orthophotos (1994 and 2006). To characterize the dynamics of changes during a fifty year period (1954-2004), the approach has integrated temporal trend analysis and landscape metrics, focusing on the urban-rural gradient. Aerial photos and satellite images have been classified to obtain maps of LC changes, for fixed intervals: 1954-1985 and 1985-2004. LC pattern and its change are linked to both natural and social processes, whose driving role has been clearly demonstrated in the case analysed. In fact, after the disastrous Irpinia earthquake (1980), the local specific zoning laws and urban plans have significantly addressed landscape changes.

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