Risk Evaluation and Leakage Mechanism on Runoff in Coal Mining Area—A Case Study in Jinjie Coal Mine of Tuwei River

According to the aims of the runoff protection in coal mining area, taking Jinjie coal mine as an example, the risk zonation and mechanism of runoff leakage were carried out based on the dimen-sionless multi-factor information fusion technique. Based on the analysis of field exploration and borehole data, four key factors affecting the runoff leakage from the roof were identified, which included the deposition features of aquifer in Sala Wusu Group, the distribution of overburden rock and soil mass, effective thickness of aquiclude layer and the height of water flow cracking zone. The evaluation criterion was whether the development height of the water flow cracking zone reaches or exceeds the bottom plate of the sandy phreatic aquifer and even penetrates the surface ground, which results in the complete or partial leakage of the phreatic water. According the evaluation criterion, the influence of coal mining disturbance on runoff leakage was divided into three zones: zone of seriously runoff leakage, zone of general runoff leakage and zone of slight runoff leakage. Furthermore, the influence mechanism of different zones in coal mining also been discussed preliminarily, which included drainage Sarawusu aquifer, groundwater leakage in Sarawusu aquifer, water level fluctuation in Sarawusu aquifer and so on. Finally, classification pattern diagram was drawn.

MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF REINFORCED AND THREE-LAYER SHELLS BASED ON METAMATERIALS, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT OPERATIONAL DAMAGE

Abstract— The conventional design in aeronautical engineering is reinforced shell, which for most structures is a thin shell with a stringer set. This article compares the behavior of a conventional reinforced shell and a spaced shell metamaterial structure with a reinforced set using the example of a main airplane pressure bulkhead. The evaluation criterion is to ensure the required level of residual strength when the limiting state is reached.

Development and evaluation of lead(II) iodide-based polycrystalline digital dosimeter for quality assurance in brachytherapy

Brachytherapy is a cancer treatment that involves intensively irradiating a tumor by placing a sealed radioactive isotope inside the body. Determining the position of the source through accurate quality assurance (QA) is important, because brachytherapy uses radioactive isotope sources with high dose rates. However, in clinical practice, the source position is determined with the naked eye through the use of a ruler, autoradiograph, video monitor, etc., which yields inaccurate results. Therefore, in this study, a lead (II) iodide (PbI2) based polycrystalline digital dosimeter that can measure the relative dose was developed for the QA of the brachytherapy device, and its applicability was evaluated in terms of reproducibility, linearity, percentage interval distance (PID), and angular dependence. Reproducibility evaluation yielded a relative standard deviation value of 1.41%, which satisfied the evaluation criterion of 1.5%. The linearity evaluation yielded an R2 value of 0.9993, which satisfied the evaluation criterion of 0.9990. The PID evaluation revealed that, as the distance from the source increased, the signal decreased according to the inverse-square law. When the PbI2-based digital dosimeter was rotated up to 45°, a difference of up to 13.20% in the angular dependence was observed. Thus, the dosimeter fabricated in this experiment met all the criteria of the aforementioned evaluations. Therefore, it is considered to be highly applicable as a dosimeter for the QA of brachytherapy devices.

Physical and hygienic-sanitary conditions of poultry slaughterhouses in the municipality of Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil

This study aimed to evaluate the physical and hygienic-sanitary conditions of poultry slaughterhouses in the municipality of Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil. Ten slaughterhouses were visited, using a checklist as an evaluation criterion, seeking to assess the physical and hygienic-sanitary conditions of facilities, equipment, handlers, environment, production, and food transportation, during the entire slaughtering process, to verify compliance with current legislation. The slaughterhouses visited (10 / 100%) had no Official Inspection Service and did not obey the rules established by legislation, showing precarious physical and hygienic-sanitary conditions of operation. Most of the establishments (9 / 90%) were located in the urban area and one (10%) in the rural area. None of them followed the animal welfare recommendations. Moreover, seven (70%) establishments had no waste treatment and the residues were dumped in an open area. Therefore, it was concluded that the hygienic-sanitary conditions of poultry slaughterhouses in Parnaíba pose risks to meet quality and the health of slaughterhouses employees and people who consume the products from those establishments.

Alkaios on the role of Mytilenian aristocracy in the economic life during stasis

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the evidence concerning different activities of aristocracy and if possible to define its role in the economic life during a very specific period in the history of archaic Mytilene, i.e. stasis. Alkaios poetry provides valuable information on the problem in question. Alkaios is one of the main witnesses and participants in the described events. Besides that, lyrics of Sappho, Alkaios contemporary, is used, her poems provide concrete examples which complete Alkaios evidence. The results of archaeological investigations corroborate the data of the written sources and shed light on those spheres of aristocracy activities that have not got evident representation in the authentic sources. We are talking about agriculture and the role of aristocracy in this economic sector and moreover about the land as a main source of material well-being of aristocracy. After all the land issue was always in the focus of poleis policy in time of peace as well as during turbulent political strife. Analyzed information from the set of available sources testifies to a very complicated role played by Mytilenian aristocracy in the economic life of Mytilene during stasis that is difficult to evaluate unambiguously. An important evaluation criterion of the role is possession of civil rights of which the losing party may be deprived during stasis while having to flee into exile. In the first case the role may be positive and in the second one negative.

Protestant Revivals (Awakenings) and Transformational Impact: A Comparative Evaluation Framework Applied on the Revival among the Zulus (South Africa)

This article addresses paucity in literature on the conceptualising of the true nature of a Protestant revival. Through a literary review and document study, the article aims to compile a Protestant revival evaluation criterion (PREC) to assess protestant revivals. This was done by integrating the distinctives (characteristics) of Evangelical revivals throughout history as described by prominent scholars such as Armstrong, Cairns, Edwards, Lloyd-Jones and Sprague in general. In addition, various past and present examples and exponents of true and juxtaposing anti-revivals were investigated and beacons set for sustainable revival. From the PREC, three levels were established by which to assess revivals: individuals (micro), the church (meso) and surrounding communities (macro). For the case study, information was gleaned from multiple sources, including interviews, documents, sermons, newsletters, observations and research reports. Applying the PREC in a case study, demonstrates how it operates as a valuable tool; in this case, the revival among the Zulus in KwaSizabantu, South Africa.

The pest kill rate of thirteen natural enemies as aggregate evaluation criterion of their biological control potential of Tuta absoluta

Ecologists study how populations are regulated, while scientists studying biological pest control apply population regulation processes to reduce numbers of harmful organisms: an organism (a natural enemy) is used to reduce the population density of another organism (a pest). Finding an effective biological control agent among the tens to hundreds of natural enemies of a pest is a daunting task. Evaluation criteria help in a first selection to remove clearly ineffective or risky species from the list of candidates. Next, we propose to use an aggregate evaluation criterion, the pest kill rate, to compare the pest population reduction capacity of species not eliminated during the first selection. The pest kill rate is the average daily lifetime killing of the pest by the natural enemy under consideration. Pest kill rates of six species of predators and seven species of parasitoids of Tuta absoluta were calculated and compared. Several natural enemies had pest kill rates that were too low to be able to theoretically reduce the pest population below crop damaging densities. Other species showed a high pest reduction capacity and their potential for practical application can now be tested under commercial crop production conditions.