scholarly journals Biodiesel: Raw Materials, Production Technologies and Fuel Properties

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 317-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz P. Ramos ◽  
Vinícius Kothe ◽  
Maria Aparecida F. César-Oliveira ◽  
Aline S. Muniz-Wypych ◽  
Shirley Nakagaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Production Technologies

scholarly journals Effect of Harvest Season on the Fuel Properties of Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby Biomass as Solid Biofuel

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikola Bilandžija ◽  
Tajana Krička ◽  
Ana Matin ◽  
Josip Leto ◽  
Mateja Grubor
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Solid Biofuel ◽  
Combustion Processes

Biomass obtained from cultivated energy crops is one of the raw materials with the highest potential in renewable energy production. Although such biomass can be used in production of lignocellulose bioethanol, it is currently mostly used as solid fuel for generating heat and/or electric energy via combustion processes. Calorific values, proximate and ultimate analysis, cell structure and micro- and macro-elements data are considered as basic parameters in the valorization of fuel properties during biomass combustion processes. Energy crops are cultivated with the aim to produce the largest possible quantity of biomass with minimal agro-technical inputs. One of these crops is Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby. Given the fact that the chemical composition of biomass is influenced by a number of agro-ecological and agro-technical factors, the aim of this work was to determine the fuel properties of Sida hermaphrodita biomass obtained from three different harvest seasons (autumn, winter and spring) and cultivated in the area of the Republic of Croatia. On the basis of these investigations it was possible to conclude that harvest delaying towards spring season had a positive impact on suitability of using biomass of Sida hermaphrodita in the combustion process, which primarily means significant lowering the contents of moisture (18.64%), ash (1.94%), and nitrogen (0.65%), but also means increasing the contents of fixed carbon (6.21%) and lignin (25.45%).

scholarly journals Improving the quality parameters of a fibrous pulp in the process of knife milling

2021 ◽  
Vol 2094 (4) ◽  
pp. 042063
Author(s):  
D E Zyryanov ◽  
N S Reshetova ◽  
R A Marchenko
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Modern World ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Paper Production ◽  
Production Technologies

Abstract Pulp and paper products in the modern world are used in a variety of types and areas, due to which the issue of improving paper production technologies is relevant. The article presents the results of grinding fibrous semi-finished products using the knife method. A disc mill with an original knife set was used as the unit under study. For the most effective modes of grinding were selected to obtain raw materials with high quality indicators.

Archaeometry of ceramic materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Eramo ◽  
Annarosa Mangone
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Technical Ceramics ◽  
Production Technologies

Abstract Ceramics are among the most studied findings, one of the best markers for providing technological and functional information in archaeological contexts. Their chemical-mineralogical characterization allows to answer a large number of historical-archaeological questions about classification, provenance, production technologies, trade routes, economic exchange, etc. The best methodological approach not only integrates morphological-stylistic studies to the archaeometric ones, but also includes a synergic instrumental strategy aimed both to take advantage of each different analytical technique to the best of its potentiality and to over step the problems connected to the preciousness and uniqueness of the objects. As far as the mineralogical and petrographical composition of preindustrial ceramics is concerned, its determination is crucial to answer provenance and technological issues like raw materials procurement and the production processes in this respect, equivalent firing temperature, redox atmosphere during firing are important factors that help in understanding the relevant mineralogical and micro-structural transformations. In this paper, we illustrate how an integrated approach of analytical techniques, tested on different classes of ceramics – pottery with spathic calcite, Apulian red figure pottery and technical ceramics – can provide answers to archaeological questions.

scholarly journals Chemical and Oxygen Isotopic Composition of Roman and Late Antique Glass from Northern Greece

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberta Silvestri ◽  
Elissavet Dotsika ◽  
Antonio Longinelli ◽  
Enricomaria Selmo ◽  
Sophia Doukata-Demertzi
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Oxygen Isotopic Composition ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Local Production ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Ancient Glass ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Oxygen Isotopic ◽  
Plant Ash

The present paper emphasizes the importance of measuring the oxygen isotopic and chemical compositions of ancient glass, in order to constrain some features such as age, raw materials, and production technologies and to identify the “fingerprint” of local productions. In this context, thirty-nine Roman and late Antique glass samples and eight chert samples from northern Greece were selected and analysed for their oxygen isotopic and chemical compositions. Results show that the majority of glass samples are produced using natron as flux and have δ18O values of about 15.5‰, plus or minus a few tenths of one per mil, suggesting that raw materials probably come from Levantine area. Four samples are heavily enriched in 18O, and their chemical composition clearly shows that they were made with soda plant ash as flux. Isotopic and chemical data of Greek chert samples support the hypothesis of local production of the above samples. About half of the glass samples have chemical compositions, which allow their age to be constrained to the late Antique period. For the remaining glass, similarities with literature compositional groups are reported and discussed.

scholarly journals PREIDENTIFICATION OF ADAPTIVE MECHANISMS OF BIOSPHERE-COMPATIBLE CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (39) ◽  
Author(s):  
Н. Shpakova
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Optimal Solutions ◽  
Environmental Audit ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Materials Recycling ◽  
Economic Constraints ◽  
State Of The Environment ◽  
Selection Of

        The article discusses the main stages in the selection of optimal production technologies that are adapted to environmental and economic constraints in accordance with international regulatory acts on the state of the environment. The boundaries of the selection of optimal solutions and the algorithm for the stages of their assessment based on sustainable development taking into account environmental, economic and social imperatives are presented. On the example of the construction industry, the ways of transition to a new concept of economic development are proposed, in which the priority objectives of the extraction and processing of natural resources are provided by movement in the direction of a "circular" economy with cascading use and minimization of residual products.It also analyzed and proposed promising areas for the use of IT tools and biosphere-compatible technologies to ensure sustainable development.Key words: greening the economy, environmental audit, secondary raw materials, recycling, biosphere-compatible technologies.

scholarly journals Effects of the Marinating Process on the Quality of the Domesticated Reindeer (Rangifer Tarandus) By-products

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilya Benzik ◽  
Inna Brazhnaia ◽  
Elena Bogdan ◽  
Alexander Ershov
Keyword(s):  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
By Products

The development of methods for the complete and complex processing of raw food materials is one of the main ways to achieve the efficiency of its use: reduce production costs, expand products range and increase products demand. Over the last years, growing attention is paid to the search and development of new technologies of the processing of non-traditional and underutilized types of food materials, such as meat and by-products from alternative animal species. The research was aimed at studying the influence of the marinating process on the quality of the newly developed food product. The object of research was the tongue of domesticated reindeer, the underutilized raw materials of the Kola Peninsula. Product samples were taken in 2012-2016 on the basis of the agricultural production cooperative ”Tundra”, research was carried out on the basis of the Department of Food Production Technologies of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education ”Murmansk State Technical University”. The effects of marinating and duration of heat treatment on the quality of the product samples was studied. The parameters characterizing the generalized indicator of quality were selected - organoleptic (appearance, flavor and taste), physical (cutting force) and microbiological. The optimal composition of the marinade is proposed. The technology of culinary processing of the domesticated reindeer tongue was optimized.

scholarly journals Substantiation of a Promising Design and Technological Scheme of a Multicomponent Dispenser-Mixer

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 159-165
Author(s):  
I. Seidova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Vitamin Supplements ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
High Uniformity ◽  
Processing Line ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Livestock Products

Currently, one of the main tasks facing animal husbandry is to ensure the conservation of land to provide the population with high-quality livestock products, as well as to increase the productivity and productivity of each livestock. The correct implementation of this task primarily depends on the creation of a solid feed base. This, in turn, is possible due to the improvement and introduction of feed production technologies that do not depend on natural conditions. The technology of mixed feed production is a set of operations (grinding, dosing, mixing, etc.) performed in a certain sequence. As a result of these operations, feed is obtained from the raw materials (grain components, mineral additives, vitamins, salts, etc.) with the parameters specified in accordance with its recipe. The creation of a multicomponent dispenser-mixer capable of preparing grain mixtures in a continuous flow with high uniformity of dosing and mixing requires research and development work and is caused by the need of agricultural enterprises for such dispensers-mixers. In the technological line under study, the feed components are alternately crushed and loaded into the mixing unit. The processing line is equipped with an electronic weighing system that allows you to accurately dose the components of compound feeds and accumulate data on grain consumption. The raw materials for the preparation of compound feeds are cereals, as well as protein and vitamin supplements. The system of feeding protein and vitamin supplements is carried out by an auger, which ensures their supply to the mixing zone even with their minimum amount. The fineness of the grinding is regulated by replacing the sieve in the crusher.

scholarly journals WALL SILICATE MATERIALS OF NON-AUTOCLAVE HARDENING WITH THE USE OF SILICA RAW MATERIALS AND ALUMINOSILICATE BINDING BASED ON NON-CONVENTIONAL CLAY ROCKS

2019 ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
А. Володченко ◽  
A. Volodchenko
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Average Density ◽  
High Pressure And Temperature ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Clay Rocks ◽  
Microstructure Of The Material ◽  
Silicate Materials

Among the used building materials, structural autoclave silicate products occupy one of the leading places. The traditional technology of silicate materials uses autoclave processing of products, the main disadvantage of which is the high energy intensity. In order to create non-autoclave silicate composites based on conventional siliceous raw materials, it is proposed to use a special aluminosilicate binder based on clay rocks of the incomplete stage of mineral formation of a certain genesis and quicklime. The strength of silicate materials is growing as a result of the neoplasm process. They are synthesized in the chemical reaction of quicklime with components of clay rocks when using high pressure and temperature modes in an autoclave, and when steaming with temperatures up to 100 °C. The high specific surface of the aluminosilicate binder provides an increase in the packing density of the material. Due to the structural features of the CaO-SiO2 (Al2O3)-H2O system based on unconventional clay rocks, the process of formation of the microstructure of the material, which continues and after hydrothermal treatment of the products, gives the material hydraulic properties. The proposed binders and their production technologies can be implemented in small and medium-sized businesses, which will allow to obtain competitive non-autoclave silicate materials with a compressive strength of up to 25 MPa and an average density of 1850 kg/m3.

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