scholarly journals Russian Emotive Verbs in the Semantic Classification of Predicates

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 242-250
Author(s):  
O. A. Kukatova
Keyword(s):  
Emotional State ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Time Axis ◽  
Semantic Classification ◽  
Semantic Classes ◽  
Emotive Meaning ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Purposeful Activity

The present research features predicates expressed by Russian reflexive emotive verbs. The paper focuses on statements containing reflexive emotive verbs and their convertible correlates, e.g. volnovatsia – volnovat, trevozhitsia – trevozhit, serditsia – serdit, etc. The research objective was to determine the place of these pairs of emotive verbs in the semantic classification of predicates of the Russian language. The author used the method of semantic testing for localization / non-localization on time axis and controllability / non-controllability. The method made it possible to assign these predicates to a particular class, as well as to reveal in their semantic structure a derived value that has not been fixed by explanatory dictionaries. As a result, the predicates were split into two semantic classes, i.e. properties and states. The division was confirmed by semantic tests for localization / non-localization on time axis and controllability / non-controllability. According to the tests, the predicates expressed by the convergent pairs of emotive verbs were included in the group of state predicates, due to their localization on the time axis. The semantic sign of uncontrollability was inherent in the studied predicates of the state in their emotive meaning. Acquisition by these predicates of the meaning "purposeful activity", "imitation of an emotional state", "opportunity, duty", and, accordingly, the sign of controllability made it possible to classify them as a group of activity predicates.

scholarly journals Semantic Classification of Russian Alternative Place-Name Etymologies from Trediakovsky’s Three Discourses on Three Most Important Russian Antiquities

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Kalashnikov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Place Names ◽  
Scientific Thought ◽  
Semantic Classification ◽  
Etymological Dictionary ◽  
General Semantic ◽  
The Russian Language

The research addresses the etymologies of 82 toponyms proposed by the Russian scholar V. Trediakovsky in the mid-1700s book Three Discourses on Three Most Important Russian Antiquities compared with 148 etymologies of the toponyms from The Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language by M. Vasmer, where the etymologies had been identified under the modern etymological approach. The article argues that the alternative etymologies proposed by Trediakovsky and the toponymic etymologies having been established under linguistic principles possess similarities in terms of general semantic features. Identifying the semantic features of toponyms from the two selections required the classification based on etymological and semantic features, with the principal division into natural and cultural place-names. The research showed that 5 out of 7 semantic features: hydronym, choronym, people’s activity, ethnonym, and type of settlement, corresponded in both selections. The alternative etymologies from the discourses revealed more semantic features related to the climate and soil. The semantic features of flora and fauna, which are part of modern semantic classifications, were found in rare cases in both toponymicons. The research showed that although generally Trediakovsky’s etymologies seemed to contradict the existing linguistic principles, the semantic features remained comparable with those of the place-name etymologies that were compiled at the later stages of scientific thought.

scholarly journals Verbs of Light in Russian and French: Lexical-Semantic Classification and Grammatical Characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-277
Author(s):  
Zh. Yu. Polezhaeva ◽  
T. G. Pismak
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
French Language ◽  
Semantic Group ◽  
Semantic Classification ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
The Russian Language

This article deals with the lexical-semantic group of verbs that denote light in Russian and French. The authors compared their lexical-semantic classifications, characteristics, and grammatical parameters. The research involved the method of continuous sampling, lexical systematization, and component analysis. The paper introduces lexical-semantic subgroups of Russian and French verbs of light with their nucleus and periphery. A comparative analysis revealed some aspectual differences: Russian and French demonstrated different means of expressing some meanings and modes of action. The Russian language is synthetic and expresses these meanings lexematically. In the French language, which is analytical, these grammatical meanings do not always find their expression at the level of a single lexeme. The context and tense forms appeared to play an important role, and the verbs of light proved to be more numerous in Russian than in French. Despite the differences, the proposed classification of verbs of light turned out to be universal for both languages.

THE VARIETY OF MODAL SOURCES OF DEONTIC UTTERANCE (BASED ON THE MATERIAL OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE)

2019 ◽  
pp. 187-201
Author(s):  
Anna Sytko
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Large Groups ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Russian Language

The components of the semantic structure of the modal utterance (force, an agent and a source) are relevant criteria for differentiating modalities different in their inner essence modality (epistemic, aletic, deontic) due to the use of polysemantic modal indicators. Demonstrating itself through semantic components, the deontic statement corresponds to the following model: according to the modal source, there is a mandatory or restrictive necessity / a permissive possibility for the proposition to be fulfilled by the modal agent into reality.The article describes content of the semantic basis of the deontic expression – various types of modal sources. This comprehensive analysis deepens the problematic of interpreting language constructions with deontic meaning. The article discusses an entire spectrum of modal sources, which are external and internal coercion grouped into two large groups: sources of universal and private nature. The study has shown, that the first group is substantially homogeneous since it coordinates social relations in which all members participate. The second one regulates social interaction in a perticular situation; therefore its content scope is much wider and more diverse. The type of the source defines particular deontic meanings within the permissiveness, prohibition and obligatoriness, it determines the indicators in the surface structure of the utterance that allows the addressee to recognize the deontic factor.The proposed classification of modal sources certainly is not the only possible one. However, it allows the researcher to consider all kinds of factors that determine the expression of deontic attitude in speech. In conclusion, the research perspectives are indicated: identification of the dominant type of the source in various discourses, as well as establishment of the relationship between the type of the source and the language expression of the deontic utterance.

scholarly journals Semantic Classification of Adverbial Phraseological Units of the Russian Language

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Y. Yuldasheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Component Analysis ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Semantic Classification ◽  
The Russian Language

In the article, the author makes an attempt to semantic classification of adverbial phraseological units of the Russian language by applying the method of component analysis.

The Potential of the Russian Language Textbook in the Formation of Primary Schoolchildren’s Communicative Literacy

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
M. I. Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Written Text ◽  
Russian Literary ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Speech Situation ◽  
Linguistic Means

One of the goals of the Russian language course in the primary school is the formation of the communicative literacy. The content of the course should be aimed at understanding the wealth of linguistic means by primary school children; the formation of the ability to detect a violation of linguistic norms and the inadequacy of the linguistic means used in the speech situation; the accumulation of the experience in choosing of linguistic means in accordance with the peculiarities of the speech situation; the creation of oral and written texts that meet the criteria of content, connectivity, compliance with the norms of the Russian literary language. The article considers the classification of exercises that contribute to the formation of communicative literacy. The author gives the examples of exercises where the student acts in different roles: the student is an observer of the speech situation and analyzes the adequacy of the choice of linguistic means; the student is a direct participant in the given speech situation and makes a choice of language facilities; the student is offered to create the speech situation himself, to independently construct an oral and written text.

A comparative analysis of the Slovenian particles še and že against the background of the Russian language

2020 ◽  
pp. 324-345
Author(s):  
Mariya L. Kuleshоva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Time Axis ◽  
Temporal Modifiers ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Negative Form

The article compares the Slovenian particles še and že mainly with the Russian particles еще and уже. Unlike the Russian particle уже, the Slovenian particle že cannot be combined with the negative form of the verb: instead of it, the adverb več is used in such contexts. The most subtle differences between the Slovenian and Russian languages are found in the combinations of še and že with temporal modifiers, where the so-called “plot time” is characteristic of the Slovenian language. The event is interpreted as localized on the time axis, not from the perspective of the «speaker’s time», which is manifested in the possibility of using že in such contexts as umrl je že v devetnajstem stoletju (he died in the nineteenth century already). Moreover, že is not able to express the meaning ‘no earlier / no later than’, because the particle šele replaces it in this function. The author comes to the conclusion that Slovenian particles are more widely used as modal than their Russian equivalents. The particle še has numerous intensifying functions, correlating with the functions of Russian particles даже, еще и, и. The particle že can be used in the same way as two Russian words уже and уж. In contrast to уж, že does not always express displeasure and can add the meaning of a concession to the statement.

scholarly journals A THEMATIC CLASSIFICATION OF RELIGIOUS-CHRISTIAN VOCABULARY OF RUSSIAN-UDMURT DICTIONARIES BY G. Ye. VERESHCHAGIN

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-221
Author(s):  
Leonid Michaylovich Ivshin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Outstanding Scientist ◽  
Linguistic Activity ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
National Corpus

The article examines the vocabulary of religious-Christian content in the handwritten Russian-Udmurt dictionaries by the first Udmurt writer and outstanding scientist, educator and missionary, clergyman G. Ye. Vereshchagin. There is no exact information about the time when the manuscripts were written. One of them was presumably created at the end of the 19 - beginning of the 20 centuries, before the adoption of the Russian spelling reform in 1918, since the letter ъ is inconsistently encountered at the very beginning of the dictionary in lexemes ending in a hard consonant. Another manuscript can be dated to the period after the adoption of the Russian spelling reform, when the Cyrillic letters ѣ, ө and ъ were excluded from the Russian alphabet. The author of the manuscripts selected appropriate primordial Udmurt equivalents to words of religious content or used borrowings (mainly from the Russian language), and was guided by the following considerations: 1) he used Udmurt words that arose in the depths of paganism, which by the time the manuscripts were compiled had acquired a completely Christian meaning (Kyldysin tӧre 'Archangel'); 2) adapted concepts that had a slightly different, everyday meaning (viz sonany, gavyldyns, aldans ‘to tempt’); 3) terms without direct correspondences in the Udmurt language are often translated by a combination of words or interpretation (umoytem Inmar vyle veras ‘blasphemer’); 4) borrowed from Russian or other languages (Archirey, Arquerey ‘Bishop’). The study of the lexical and semantic features of written attestations in the context of developing the national corpus of the Udmurt language and filling it with not only absolutely new, but also to some extent forgotten and revisited elements is a very important linguistic activity. The linguistic actualization of religious vocabulary contributes to the recovery of speech assets and registers in a significant number of dictionary nominalizations by designating concepts and phenomena of the spiritual and religious sphere of the Udmurt language.

scholarly journals Classification of interpersonal interaction verbs with semantics of mental influence

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (25) ◽  
pp. 180-186
Author(s):  
Svetlana A. Blinova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Interpersonal Interaction ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Semantic Classification ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dictionary Definitions

The purpose of this article is to describe the verbs of interpersonal interaction with the semantics of mental influence in the English language and to consider the criteria for semantic classification, on the basis of which the selected verbs can be grouped. There is a large number of works devoted to the study of lexico-semantic, pragmatic, morphological and other features of individual subgroups of interpersonal interaction verbs (in particular, compulsion verbs, verbs of speech influence, etc.), however, no attempt has yet been made to identify, study and classify a group of interpersonal interaction verbs with the semantics of mental influence. The material of the study is dictionary definitions from the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English and Longman Dictionary of English Language and Culture, as well as examples from the National British Corpus. The study describes in detail the procedure for selecting verbs of interpersonal interaction with the semantics of mental influence, identifies the features that are integral for this group of verbs, as well as the criteria for semantic classification, on the basis of which the selected verbs were divided into subgroups. Verbs of mental influence have a complex semantic structure. The signs «interpersonal interaction» and «impact on the object» are integral for the studied group of verbs. The sign of intentionality is not integral, but it is included in the semantic structure of most verbs of this group. In addition, the semantic structure of verbs of mental effects shows thatthe classification of verbs in this group may be an indication of the impact on a particular area of the psyche which indicates the correlation of the meanings of mental influence verbs with the findings of modern psychological theory

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