scholarly journals Evaluation as a Sociological Concept: Problem Statement

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-314
Author(s):  
Nikita Grigorik
Keyword(s):  
Social Reality ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Problem Statement ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Stable Forms ◽  
Sociological Studies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sociological Interpretation

The present research featured the role of evaluation in sociology and the sociological interpretation of its components. Evaluation is a complex perceptive procedure. Social reality is conditioned by the existence of man, who shapes it through evaluation, which includes cognition, evaluative comparison, and the implementation of the resulting information in social interaction. First, people form initial ideas that are chipped into a set of knowledge about social reality. The perception is then transformed into a mental-comparative act. On this basis, people perform actions and choices that correlate with the values. Norms determine the nature of perception and evaluation. Therefore, people embody their social functions through social behavior, relationships, and interactions, thus learning about the world and evaluating various social phenomena on the basis of the obtained assumptions. In that way, people develop and translate stable forms of perception. Evaluation can serve as a measure in sociological studies, i.e. as a means of studying social reality. As a result, the relationship evaluation – cognition – value – norm – public opinion becomes obvious and can act as a methodological basis for sociological research.

Growing Up Wireless

2008 ◽  
pp. 99-125
Author(s):  
Letizia Caronia
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Cultural Models ◽  
Intergenerational Relationships ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter illustrates the role of the mobile phone in the rise of new cultural models of parenting. According to a phenomenological theoretical approach to culture and everyday life, the author argues that the relationship between technologies, culture, and society should be conceived as a mutual construction. As cultural artefacts, mobile communication technologies both are domesticated by people into their cultural ways of living and create new ones. How are mobile phones domesticated by already existing cultural models of parenting? How does the introduction of the mobile phone affect family life and intergenerational relationships? How does mobile contact contribute in the construction of new cultural models of “being a parent” and “being a child”? Analysing new social phenomena such as “hyperparenting” and the “dialogic use” of mobile phones, the author argues upon the role of mobile communication technologies in articulating the paradoxical nature of the contemporary cultural model of family education.

scholarly journals Agency, futurity and representation: Conceptualising hope in recent sociological work

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1102-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Cook ◽  
Hernán Cuervo
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Individual Experience ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Political Economies ◽  
Sociological Work ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Longitudinal Case Studies

Although humanities and social science disciplines have witnessed an explosion of interest in the topic of hope in recent decades, uptake of this concept has been comparatively uneven in sociological research. Hope has garnered substantial attention in relation to topics such as health, poverty, youth and work within creative industries, while attracting sporadic interest elsewhere. However, despite this uneven engagement, studies addressing hope in each area have echoed many of the same ambiguities. We focus on two such ambiguities: the relationship between hope and futurity, and the relationship between hope and agency. Drawing on the observation that recent treatments of hope appear to either emphasise a hoped-for outcome situated in the future or focus on the role of hope in coping with the present we reframe this debate, contending that these tendencies suggest two distinct modes of hope: representational and non-representational. By reframing the relationship between hope and futurity thus we seek to, in turn, untangle the ambiguous relationship between hope and agency. We test the utility of our conceptualisations of hope by placing them into dialogue with longitudinal case studies compiled from biennial interviews and annual surveys conducted over a 10-year period. We ultimately put forward some means by which recent sociological treatments of hope can be unified, and in so doing contend that conceptualising hope not as an individual experience, but as part of broader political economies of hope can attune us to the ways in which inequalities are manifest through uneven distributions and experiences of hope.

scholarly journals THE POSITIVISTIC PARADIGM RELEVANT IN RESEARCH RURAL SOCIOLOGY

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Irwan Irwan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Social Constructivism ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Rural Sociology ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
The Social ◽  
Education Status ◽  
Sociological Studies ◽  
Pragmatic Paradigm

The scientific research in sociology has several paradigms namely positivistic, social constructivism, advocacy, participatory and pragmatic paradigm (Creswell, 2010). Positivistic paradigm considers the social reality that occurs as empirical, observed clearly and can be proven scientifically. In order to study the phenomenon in society that the positivistic paradigm has great contribution. Therefore, a question arises whether the positivistic paradigm has a major influence on the study of society? is it relevant that the positivistic paradigm used in rural sociology research? The positivistic paradigm of social phenomena is understood from an outside perspective based on the understanding of established theories. The Social reality is a phenomenon whose existence is determined by other social phenomena (interrelated variables) and its existence can be described into symbols that have been established in society. The problems in society in particular can not only be explained in constructivist paradigm but there is social phenomenon which surely needs to be explained in other paradigm such as positivistic paradigm. The positivistic paradigm is in the position of answering the problem of seeing the level and influence of social reality. Therefore, the positivistic paradigm is highly relevant to the study of rural sociology, where the phenomena occurring is unlimited and to simplify social phenomena, therefore statistics analysis is needed as a basis for concluding the data obtained from the field. In rural sociological studies, various social phenomena are associated with stratification, education, status, religion and so on. To answer the problems that occur in rural communities need a positivistic paradigm.

From paradise to brand

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-135
Author(s):  
Rainer Hülsse
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Social World ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Financial Centre ◽  
The Social ◽  
International Image ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Considerable Body

Metaphors construct social reality, including the actors which populate the social world. A considerable body of research has explored this reality-constituting role of metaphors, yet little attention has been paid to the attempts of social actors to influence the metaphorical structure by which they are constituted. The present article conceptualises the relationship between actor and metaphorical structure as one of mutual constitution. Empirically, it analyses how until the late 1990s Liechtenstein was constructed as an attractive financial centre by metaphors such as haven and paradise, how then a metaphorical shift constituted the country more negatively, before Liechtenstein finally fought back: with the help of the new brand-metaphor and also a professional image campaign the country tried to repair its international image.

scholarly journals Internet in Social Reality of Russian Youth: Potential Risks and Opportunities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Rudenkin
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Digital Natives ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
The Social ◽  
Everyday Reality

The paper is devoted to an empirical analysis of the role of the Internet in the everyday reality of Russian youth. The author notes that the unusual speed of the Internet spread in the life of Russian society made the circumstances of growing up of modern young Russians very specific. In fact, they became the first generation of Russian “digital natives”. Growing up in the conditions of the rapid spread of the Internet in society, many of them are used to perceiving the Internet as a natural and inalienable attribute of everyday reality. The author uses materials of secondary data analysis and the data of his sociological research among Russian youth to determine the role of the Internet in the social reality of youth and to find out the possible risks and opportunities that it can create. The empirical basis of the study is a questionnaire survey conducted by the author in 2018 among the youth of the city of Ekaterinburg, Russia. The key conclusion of the article is that the Internet is deeply integrated into the social reality of modern Russian youth. The growing importance of the Internet in life is a source of a number of risks, which include the formation of Internet addiction, increasing the vulnerability of young people to destructive content and the formation of a communicative gap between representatives of different generations. The Internet can also be used to broadcast information to a youth audience, to organize cooperation among young people, to popularize good practices and for other purposes. Keywords: youth, Russian youth, Internet, “digital natives”, Russian society

scholarly journals La biojurídica o el bioderecho como mediador de los nuevos dilemas biomédicos

Telos ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-617
Author(s):  
Juan Araujo-Cuauro
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

The advance of bioethics as a science has exceeded the ethical scenario to fully immerse oneself in other environments of knowledge, essentially in the sphere of the legal, as it is, the bio-legal and towards a new protagonist of an emerging science such as the biolaw. There are dilemmas or bioethical premises from which generate the great juridical questions, around the legal sciences, which must be adjusted to the social reality generated by the great biotechnological advances, in order to regulate the behavior generated by human behavior. The objective of the research is to analyze the role of bioethics in the development of biolaw or biolaw as a mediator of new biomedical dilemmas. The methodology used is a bibliographic documentary research which focuses on the positions of some authors such as Aparisi (2007) and Schaefer (2017), among others. A documentary review was made from a critical stance of the literary sources selected and used for the development of the research, this with the purpose of identifying the different conceptions that biotechnological advances have had on human behavior and its need to be regulated by law. It is concluded that the relationship between bioethics and law has been very useful, at the time of responding to the theme of the debate on the great bioethical dilemmas, which results in the emergence of a novel legal branch such as bio-legal or biolaw.

scholarly journals "Chłop polski w Europie i Ameryce" a problem relacji pomiędzy badaniami socjologicznymi a ich aplikacjami dla potrzeb rozwiązywania problemów społecznych

1970 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 19-35
Author(s):  
Ryszard Cichocki ◽  
Klaudia Jankowska
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
American Cities

The article attempts a reconstruction and an in-depth characterization of the connections between basic sociological research and their applications for solving social problems. For W.I. Thomas and F. Znaniecki, social phenomena and processes that arose in American cities under the influence of mass migration processes at the turn of the 19th century constituted the starting point of their research program. By conducting sociological research, originally intended as applied sociological research, they decided that in order to create conditions for rational social control over socially unacceptable phenomena it was crucial to formulate a theoretical model, which would serve as a basis for describing, explaining and predicting the researched phenomena. Consequently, it would allow presenting the key conditions for creating rational techniques for controlling the environment on the basis of scientific research. The present article contains an analysis of the following elements: assumptions regarding the rational technique models, the relationship between the aforementioned type of technique and other techniques, the relationship between this type of technique and theoretical knowledge in social sciences, assumptions with respect to scientific knowledge in sociology that it needs to meet in order to constitute a foundation for solving social problems strategies. Ryszard Cichocki, Klaudia Jankowska, „Chłop polski w Europie i Ameryce” a problem relacji pomiędzy badaniami socjologicznymi a ich aplikacjami dla potrzeb rozwiązywania problemów społecznych [„The Polish Peasant in Europe and America” and the problem of relations between sociological research and its applications for solving social problems] edited by M. Nowak, „Człowiek i Społeczeństwo” vol. XLVII: „Chłop polski w Europie i Ameryce” po stu latach [Polish peasant in Europe and America after one hundred years], Poznań 2019, pp. 19–35, Adam Mickiewicz University. Faculty of Social Sciences Press. ISSN 0239-3271.

How place shapes taste: The local formation of middle-class residential preferences in two Israeli cities

2019 ◽  
pp. 146954051988248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Shani
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Local Formation ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Residential Preferences ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Sociological Studies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Local Narratives

This article studies the preferences of middle-class residents for old or new neighborhoods in two Israeli cities, and describes the ways local social space mediates the translation of the habitus into generative preferences. Most sociological studies either ignore questions of place or explicitly reject the role of place in shaping class tastes. While a number of recent studies have demonstrated the role of place in shaping class tastes, the mechanisms underlying the role of place have yet to be investigated and conceptualized. This study addresses this lacuna. Based on a mixed-methods comparative design, the article first presents the relationship between spatial and class processes underlying the particular social space of each of the two cities – that is, the local association between old/new neighborhoods and different populations, symbolic boundaries, and expectations regarding the future of different neighborhoods. It then shows how local social space is reflected in local narratives and patterns of distinction, which are interwoven with residents' accounts of their choices and preferences. The study argues that middle-class tastes are formed locally by a process of “emplacement,” in which social actors find their socially designated place in specific urban settings and develop the tastes and dispositions associated with these areas.

The Elephant in the Schoolhouse

2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Spillane ◽  
Matthew Shirrell ◽  
Tracy M. Sweet
Keyword(s):  
Social Ties ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
School Staff ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Physical Proximity ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Advice Seeking ◽  
Research In Education ◽  
The Relationship

Although the physical arrangement of workspaces can both constrain and enable interactions among organizational members, sociological research in education has not extensively examined the role of physical proximity in determining work-related social ties among school staff. Using social network analysis, this article explores the relationship between physical proximity and instructional advice seeking among school staff in all 14 elementary schools in one U.S. school district over four years. Results show that school staff whose workspaces are located closer to one another, and whose paths likely cross more frequently in their day-to-day work within the school building, are more likely to talk with one another about their work. Findings argue for more careful consideration when assigning school staff to workspaces, as the physical proximity of school staff appears to play a significant role in who talks to whom about instruction.

The ‘Economic’ in Indian Sociology: Genealogies, Disjunctions and Agenda

2021 ◽  
pp. 003802292110146
Author(s):  
Mufsin Puthan Purayil ◽  
Manish Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Developmental State ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Disciplinary History ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Village Studies ◽  
Sociological Studies ◽  
The Relationship

A cursory glance at the century-old history of Indian sociology reveals its relative under-engagement with economic phenomena and processes. Although the ‘economic’ did get studied under the influence of agrarian and village studies, and certain apparently economic themes such as industry and labour did attract scholarly attention from some sociologists, we notice the absence of a sustained and robust academic tradition of sociological studies of the economy in India. There appears to have been an intellectual division of labour, where the study of economic issues was ceded to economists whereas sociologists remained jubilant with their studies of primordial institutions. This study attempts to locate this persistent disjunction between the social and the economic from the perspective of the disciplinary history. Of necessity, this calls for an examination of the relationship between sociology and economics, and the way it unfolded in post-independence India. To this end, this study discusses the role of the developmental state, the prevailing notions of expertise, and the differential treatment accorded to different social sciences’ disciplines. The paper concludes with the outlining of a disciplinary agenda for the sociological study of the ‘economic’.

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