The ‘Economic’ in Indian Sociology: Genealogies, Disjunctions and Agenda

2021 ◽  
pp. 003802292110146
Author(s):  
Mufsin Puthan Purayil ◽  
Manish Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Developmental State ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Disciplinary History ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Village Studies ◽  
Sociological Studies ◽  
The Relationship

A cursory glance at the century-old history of Indian sociology reveals its relative under-engagement with economic phenomena and processes. Although the ‘economic’ did get studied under the influence of agrarian and village studies, and certain apparently economic themes such as industry and labour did attract scholarly attention from some sociologists, we notice the absence of a sustained and robust academic tradition of sociological studies of the economy in India. There appears to have been an intellectual division of labour, where the study of economic issues was ceded to economists whereas sociologists remained jubilant with their studies of primordial institutions. This study attempts to locate this persistent disjunction between the social and the economic from the perspective of the disciplinary history. Of necessity, this calls for an examination of the relationship between sociology and economics, and the way it unfolded in post-independence India. To this end, this study discusses the role of the developmental state, the prevailing notions of expertise, and the differential treatment accorded to different social sciences’ disciplines. The paper concludes with the outlining of a disciplinary agenda for the sociological study of the ‘economic’.

Ethics Committees and Consultation in Mental Health

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don C. Postema
Keyword(s):  
Ethics Education ◽  
Ethics Committees ◽  
The United States ◽  
Biomedical Ethics ◽  
Spiritual Beliefs ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Understanding the role of ethics committees in providing ethics consultations, ethics education, and ethics-related policies is the context for exploring the relationship of ethics, psychiatry, and religious and spiritual beliefs. After a brief history of biomedical ethics in the United States since the mid-20th century, this chapter presents several case studies that exemplify frequently encountered tensions in these relationships. The central contention is that respecting these beliefs is not equivalent to acquiescing to ethical claims based on them. Rigorous critical reflection and psychiatric insight, coupled with the values embedded in the social practices of healthcare, provide the grounds for evaluating the weight and bearing of religious and spiritual beliefs in ethically complex cases. This is one contribution that ethics committees can make at the intersection of psychiatry and religion.

The role of food charity in Italy

2020 ◽  
pp. 79-110
Author(s):  
Sabrina Arcuri ◽  
Gianluca Brunori ◽  
Francesca Galli
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
National Context ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Food Provision ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
Food Charity ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter forms the land case study for Italy. As with all empirical chapters it explores several key themes in relation to food charity in Italy: • the history of food charity in the national context and the relationship between the welfare state and charities; • the nature of and drivers behind contemporary food charity provision; • key changes in social policy and their impact on rising charitable food provision; • and the social justice implications of increasing need for charitable assistance with food. The chapter concludes with critical reflections on the future direction of food charity provision in Italy and the implications of this.

scholarly journals Time and Space of Memories of Factory Workers in Construction of Collective Identity of First Uralmash Builders

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-75
Author(s):  
Natalia B. Gramatchikova ◽  
Lidia V. Enina
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identity ◽  
Factory Workers ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Official Discourse ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article is the result of a long-term study of autobiographies and memoirs from the Fund of the First Builders of Uralmash, collected in 1967-1984 and dedicated to the construction of the plant (1926-1934). The question of the role of spatial and temporal markers in the construction of the collective identity of factory workers is considered. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between strong discursive practices and the “weak positions” of the official discourse, which allow authors to independently write their personal history into the history of the plant. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the Foundation's documents are viewed not as a factual source, but as a way of creating collective and personal identity of factory workers in the process of forming the concept of the FIRST BUILDER and as a body of texts, which reflects the practice of constructing the “Soviet”. It is emphasized that a special perception of space (the plant and the social city of Uralmash) and the placement of oneself in a certain historical era (with the opposition “then-now”) unite most of the Foundation's texts, among the authors of which are workers of the plant of different specialties and social status. It is proved that the texts have a common chronotope associated with the axiological picture of the world and with the practice of social communication through the text.

scholarly journals Show and/or tell: what is the role of historical dance in period cinema? And what memory of the history of dance are we left with?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Canaveira de Campos
Keyword(s):  
Historical Memory ◽  
Marie Antoinette ◽  
Original Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Moving Body ◽  
History Of ◽  
James Ivory ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

To the often-studied relationship between dance and cinema, kindred arts of the moving body-moving image, I propose to add an original analysis of the relationship between the sub-genres of historical dance (in particular the social and theatrical dances of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries) and period cinema. To that end, it is not only important to question the extent to which dance is merely illustrative, or serves as a narrative instrument in this type of films, but also how period cinema contributes to the construction of a historical memory of dance.There are several contexts that justify the introduction of a staged dance on film and they depend on a number of choices on the part of the artistic team. In period cinema these choices are particularly delicate, especially when the “world of the play” is relatively unconcerned with historical accuracy. Based on a selection of films including Valmont (1989), by Milos Forman, Jefferson in Paris (1995), by James Ivory, Le Roi danse (1999), by Gérard Corbiau, Marie Antoinette (2006), by Sofia Coppola, and Alan Rickman’s A Little Chaos (2014), I analyse the criteria for the introduction of dance scenes, and reflect not only on their aesthetic and metaphorical effects, but also on their power of transmission, as well as of (de)construction, of a stereotype of historical dance.

Varieties of social constructionism and the problem of progress in psychiatry

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth F. Schaffner ◽  
Kathryn Tabb
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Social Constructionism ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Medical Settings ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Chapter 11 discusses how the debates over the relationship between social factors and progress in psychiatry have been muddied by confusion over how the term “social construction” has been, and should be, used. It covers how one option is to move away from the language of social construction, like many in the literature have done since the 1990s. But this move risks obscuring the continued importance of attending to the role of the social in psychiatric progress. This chapter aims to clarify the different positions taken by social constructionists about psychiatric disorders and to advocate for what it calls “inclusionary social constructionism.” Through a comparison between the history of HIV/AIDS and the present state of schizophrenia in research and medical settings, the chapter illustrates and evaluates the space of possible characterizations of social construction by psychiatrists and philosophers of psychiatry.

scholarly journals The actuarial profession and social security in Brazil from the First Republic up to the Vargas Era

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (83) ◽  
pp. 364-377
Author(s):  
Adelino Martins
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Security Policies ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
First Republic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Social Security Reforms ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT The aim of this paper was to understand the relationships between the consolidation of the actuarial profession and social security policies in Brazil, from the First Republic up to the Vargas Era. In general, there is little literature on the history of the actuarial profession in Brazil. Specifically, there is no study that addresses the relationship between the development of the actuarial profession and the social security policies at the crucial moment of Brazilian social security expansion during the Vargas Era. This paper contributes to filling that gap. From time to time, Brazilian social security reforms are debated. The role of actuaries in this discussion is poorly understood. However, these professionals have historically been essential to social security policies. This article sheds light on that history. The text may broaden the knowledge on the history of the actuarial profession and its relationships with social security policies in Brazil. This is a historical study, built based on primary documentation. Sources were researched relating to the actuarial organizations for social security in Brazil and the actuarial professionals who composed their staff. The references to the professional trajectories of actuaries were crossed and considered in light of the information gathered regarding the actions of the institutions that employed them. The analysis was qualitative and the material was interpreted with the support of the referenced bibliography. This article reveals that the consolidation of the actuarial profession came about based on the participation of engineers-actuaries in the public organizations that supported the varguista social security policies. The paper also contributes to broadening the knowledge on the history of the actuarial profession in Brazil from the First Republic up to the Vargas Era (1930-1945).

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Rey
Keyword(s):  
Haitian Revolution ◽  
Catholic Priest ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Haitian Revolution ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
The Relationship

The introduction conventionally acquaints the reader with the scope and objectives of the study, which focuses primarily on the relationship between a free black insurgent leader, Romaine-la-Prophétesse, and a French Catholic priest, Abbé Ouvière, during the first months of the Haitian Revolution (1791–1792). The social and political contexts for their relationship are explained, while the book’s key contributions are also forecast. One of these contributions is to broaden our understanding of the role of religion in the Haitian Revolution, a question that in scholarly literature has thus far been largely limited to considerations of Vodou; that Romaine was a deeply pious Catholic and that he achieved something that no other black insurgent leader in the history of the Americas ever did—conquering two coastal cities—underscores our need to also consider Catholic contributions to resistance in the era and region. The introduction closes with a brief chapter outline.

The Social History of Surgery in Ottoman Syria

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-58
Author(s):  
Boris Liebrenz
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Theoretical Knowledge ◽  
History Of Surgery ◽  
Legal Context ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modern Medical Practice

Little is known about the role of surgery in pre-modern medical practice in general, and in the lands under Muslim dominance in particular. There is an acknowledged gap between theoretical knowledge and medical practice, but evidence of the latter is difficult to find. Many fundamental questions therefore remain unanswered. For example, was there a division of labour between surgeons and physicians? We are also mostly ignorant about who practiced surgery, the legal context surrounding this practice, and its financial aspects. This article offers an analytical edition of two documents from the Syrian town Hamah dating from 1212/1798, which can help answer some of these questions. They concern a respected and learned physician who also personally performed the removal of bladder stones and was paid well for his services.

scholarly journals SEMANTIC COMPONENTS OF ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE HOMELAND IN THE CULTURAL SPACE OF YOUNG PEOPLE

2022 ◽  
pp. 110-121
Author(s):  
Олег Владимирович Сорокин
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
National Character ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Cultural Space ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Youth Groups ◽  
Youth Subcultures ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

В статье анализируются смысловые значения отношения к Родине в культурном пространстве российской молодёжи. Большая часть смысловых компонентов отношения к Родине связаны с историей российского народа и находят своё выражение в национальном характере в форме духовно-нравственных ценностей. Данные базовые компоненты отражены в нормативных документах, регулирующих процесс воспитания подрастающего поколения. В роли таких ценностей выступает исполнение нравственного долга перед Отечеством в форме служения ему и готовности его защищать. Другая часть смысловых компонентов отношения к Родине формируется в рамках молодёжных субкультур. Данные смыслы рождаются в процессе переосмысления молодыми людьми своего отношения к феномену «Родина». Результатом этого процесса становится переконструирование социальной реальности молодёжными группами в соответствии с их символическими универсумами. Анализируются данные, полученные в ходе проведенного социологического исследования, о связи ментальных и современных черт национального характера с отклоняющимся смыслом образа Родины в культурном пространстве молодёжи. Отмечается, что современные черты в большей степени связаны с отклоняющимся смыслом формирования отношения к Родине, чем с ментальными чертами. The paper analyses the meanings of attitudes towards the Homeland in the cultural space of Russian youth. Some of the semantic components of the relationship to the Motherland are largely associated with the history of the Russian people and find their expression in the national character in the form of spiritual and moral values. These basic components are reflected in the normative documents governing the upbringing of the younger generation. The role of such values is the fulfillment of moral duty to the Motherland in the form of service to it and readiness to defend it. Another part of the semantic components of attitudes towards the Motherland is formed within the framework of youth subcultures. These meanings are born in the process of young people's reconsideration of their attitude to this phenomenon. The result of this process is a reconstruction of social reality by youth groups according to their symbolic universes. The publication analyzes the data obtained during sociological study on the relationship between mental and modern traits of national character with the deviant meaning of the image of the Motherland in the cultural space of young people. The research shows that contemporary traits are connected with the deviant meaning of forming attitudes towards the Homeland rather than with mental traits.

Sociolinguistics and history: An interdisciplinary view of bilingualism in imperial Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Offord
Keyword(s):  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Imperial Russia ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural Borrowing ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractUsing a study of the historical phenomenon of Franco-Russian bilingualism in imperial Russia as its point of departure, this article has three interlocking aims. First, it reflects on the common interest that historical sociolinguists and certain types of historian have in language use and language choice. Secondly, building on recent work by historical sociolinguists, it considers the ways in which historians’ and historical sociolinguists’ investigation of such matters as the social, political, cultural and literary functions of the French language in lands where French was not the mother tongue can be broadened and deepened by familiarity with each others’ findings. Thirdly, it seeks to illuminate the role of linguistic meta-discourse in the sort of grand narratives about the history and culture of national communities in which historians may be interested. In the specific case I examine, the narratives concern the relationship of Russia to the West, the wholeness or fragmentation of the Russian nation, the effects of cultural borrowing, the nature of Russian national identity and culture and the degree to which Russia is historically and culturally exceptional. In pursuit of these aims, I hope to illustrate the importance of linguistic matters in the history of societies, polities, and cultures and the potential that an interdisciplinary approach has to lend scholarship on these matters richer context and finer nuance than work which falls purely within either the historical or the historical-sociolinguistic domain tends to yield.

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