scholarly journals Magnetically Treated Brackish Water New Approach for Mitigation Salinity Stress on Sunflower Productivity and Soil Properties under South Sinai Region, Egypt

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (July-September) ◽  
pp. 451-470
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Mahmoud ◽  
Sahar M. Ismail ◽  
Amany Abd El-Monem ◽  
Mohamed Darwish
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
New Approach ◽  
South Sinai

scholarly journals Salinity stress mitigation of some canola cultivars grown under South Sinai conditions using magnetic water technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 21` (01) ◽  
pp. 17234-17253
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Hozayn ◽  
◽  
SM Azza ◽  
AAA Abd El-Monem ◽  
AA El-Mahdy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
South Sinai ◽  
Water Treatments

Salinity stresses either in irrigation water and/or soil is one of the most serious agricultural problems facing farmers in arid and semi-arid regions included Egypt. Many are as in the Sinai region depend mainly on the underground water of various degrees of salinity that prevent cultivated crops from reach to the full yield.Under these conditions,a split-plot field experiment using three canola cultivars; Pactol, Serw-4 and Serw-6under three irrigation water treatments:i) Brackish-water (BW), ii) Magnetic-BW1; brackish water after magnetization through passing a three inch static-magnetic unit,3.75 mT,produced by Delta Water Company, Egypt and iii) Magnetic-BW2;brackish water after magnetization through passing a three inch static magnetic unit, 0.75 mT,produced by Magnetic-Technologies Company, UAE,was carried out at Agricultural Experimental Station of Desert Research Centre, Ras Sidr region, South Sinai Governorate, Egypt during the 2017/18 winter season. The results showed that irrigation with M-BW1or M-BW2surpassed irrigation with BW in all tested growth parameters (plant height, branches and leaf number/plant, leaf area, dry matter of leaves, stem and total plant,and total chlorophyll); leaf anatomy(instance, mid vein and lamina thickness, length and width of leaf vascular bundle and lower and upper epidermis thickness); stem anatomy(stem diameter and thickness of cortex, xylem and phloem in addition pith diameter)and chemical analysis for mineral content (N, P, K, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn ) at 85 days after sowing (DAS). As an average of both magnetically brackish-water treatments over tested three canola varieties, the percent of improvement compared to irrigation with brackish-water ranged between 10.78-16.02% for growth parameters, 28.33-31.76% for dry matter of plant; 15.58 -80.81% for leaf;10.71-63.88% for stems and2.42-54.48% for mineral content of leaves at 85 DAS.Reverse trends were observed in the best indicators for alleviation salinity stress (Na, and proline),where these decrease dunder both magnetic brackish water treatments by 66.08 and 43.75%, respectively (average of both magnetically brackish-water treatments compared to BW water treatment). Generally, the three tested canola varieties showed a positive response under magnetic brackish water treatments. The positive results in above-mentioned parameters of vegetative growth reflected improvement in canola yield and its components. The percent of improvement ranged between 9.35and35.98 for yield components and reached1.29,19.66 and21.30% in seed oil percentage, seeds and oil yield (kg fed-1;fed=4200m2), respectively compared to brackish water.

scholarly journals A New Approach to Select Doubled Haploid Rice Lines under Salinity Stress Using Indirect Selection Index

Rice Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 368-378
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fuad Anshori ◽  
Bambang Sapta Purwoko ◽  
Iswari Saraswati Dewi ◽  
Sintho Wahyuning Ardie ◽  
Willy Bayuardi Suwarno
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
New Approach

A new approach to soil classification mapping based on the spatial distribution of soil properties

Geoderma ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 219-220 ◽  
pp. 106-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Fagioli da Silva ◽  
Maria João Pereira ◽  
João Daniel Carneiro ◽  
Célia Regina Lopes Zimback ◽  
Paulo Milton Barbosa Landim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
New Approach

scholarly journals Soil Water-Salt Dynamics and Maize Growth as Affected by Cutting Length of Topsoil Incorporation Straw under Brackish Water Irrigation

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Zemin Zhang ◽  
Zhanyu Zhang ◽  
Peirong Lu ◽  
Genxiang Feng ◽  
Wei Qi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Salt Accumulation ◽  
Summer Maize ◽  
Soil Salt ◽  
Cutting Length ◽  
Water Salt ◽  
Straw Incorporation

Brackish water has been utilized extensively in agriculture around the world to cope with the global water deficit, but soil salt accumulation caused by brackish water irrigation cannot be ignored. Straw incorporation has been confirmed an effective sustainable means to inhibit soil salt accumulation. An experiment was conducted in growth tanks over two consecutive growing seasons to investigate the effects of wheat straw incorporation on soil moisture and salinity under brackish water irrigation (5g NaCl L−1). Furthermore, the trial investigated the effects of three wheat straw cutting lengths (CK = 0 cm; L1 = 5 cm, L2 = 10 cm, and L3 = 20 cm) on soil water-salt dynamics and summer maize growth. The results showed that soil properties and maize yields were favorably and significantly affected by the shorter straw segments incorporated into the cultivated field (p < 0.05), as indicated in the decrease in soil bulk density (7.47%–7.79%) and the rise of soil organic matter (SOM) content (2.4–4.5g kg−1) and soil total porosity (4.34%–4.72%) under treatment L1. Meanwhile, treatment L1 produced the greatest dry above-ground biomass (14447 ± 571 kg ha−1), 100-grain weight (34.52 ± 1.20 g) and grain yield (7251 ± 204 kg ha−1) of summer maize. Soil water content in the cultivated layer increased 4.79%–25.44%, and the soil salt accumulation rate decreased significantly due to the straw incorporation and the highest value of soil moisture content (19.10%–21.84%), as well as the lowest value of soil salt accumulation rates (2.12–9.06) obtained at treatment L1. Straw incorporation with cutting length in 5 cm is the optimal choice for alleviating the adverse effects due to brackish water irrigation and improving soil properties, which could be helpful for agricultural mechanization and straw field-returning practices.

scholarly journals Prediction of soil water characteristic curve using artificial neural network: a new approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 01014
Author(s):  
Abdul-Kareem Esmat Zainal ◽  
Shaimaa Hasan Fadhil
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Unsaturated Soil ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Soil Water Characteristic Curve ◽  
Important Relationship ◽  
Artificial Neural

Soil-Water Characteristic Curve (SWCC) is an important relationship between matric suction and volumetric water content of soils especially when dealing with unsaturated soil problems, these problems may include seepage, bearing capacity, volume change, etc. where the matric or total suction may have a considerable effect on unsaturated soil properties. Obtaining an accurate SWCC for a soil could be cumbersome and sometimes it is time consuming and needs effort for some soils, either through laboratory tests or through field tests. Accurate prediction of this curve can give more precise expectations in design or analysis that include some unsaturated soil properties, which can save more effort and time. This work will concentrate on proposing a new approach for determining the SWCC using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) depending on some soil properties (air-entry point and residual degree of saturation) through computer software MatLab as a tool for ANN. The new approach is to plot the SWCC curve points instead of obtaining the parameters used in Brooks and Corey (BC) Model (1964), van Genuchten (VG) Model (1980), or Fredlund and Xing (FX) Model (1994). Results showed close agreement in determination of the SWCC by verification of the ANN results with an additional curve sample.

scholarly journals Were all trilobites fully marine? Trilobite expansion into brackish water during the early Palaeozoic

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1944) ◽  
pp. 20202263
Author(s):  
M. Gabriela Mángano ◽  
Luis A. Buatois ◽  
Beatriz G. Waisfeld ◽  
Diego F. Muñoz ◽  
N. Emilio Vaccari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Water Phase ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Early Palaeozoic ◽  
Body Fossil ◽  
Early Late ◽  
Tolerance To Salinity

Trilobites, key components of early Palaeozoic communities, are considered to have been invariably fully marine. Through the integration of ichnological, palaeobiological, and sedimentological datasets within a sequence-stratigraphical framework, we challenge this assumption. Here, we report uncontroversial trace and body fossil evidence of their presence in brackish-water settings. Our approach allows tracking of some trilobite groups foraying into tide-dominated estuaries. These trilobites were tolerant to salinity stress and able to make use of the ecological advantages offered by marginal-marine environments migrating up-estuary, following salt wedges either reflecting amphidromy or as euryhaline marine wanderers. Our data indicate two attempts of landward exploration via brackish water: phase 1 in which the outer portion of estuaries were colonized by olenids (Furongian–early late Tremadocian) and phase 2 involving exploration of the inner to middle estuarine zones by asaphids (Dapingian–Darriwilian). This study indicates that tolerance to salinity stress arose independently among different trilobite groups.

Effect on Soil Properties and Maize Growth by Alternate Irrigation with Brackish Water

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 485-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingyi Huang ◽  
Zhanyu Zhang ◽  
Zhuping Sheng ◽  
Chengli Zhu ◽  
Yaming Zhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Maize Growth ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract. With growing competition for freshwater by industrialization and urbanization, brackish water irrigation has been increasingly used for agricultural production. One of major concerns is the accumulation of salt and its impacts on soil properties and crop yield. If properly managed, alternate irrigation with brackish and freshwater might alleviate the adverse impacts of salt on soil physicochemical properties and plant growth. To exploit proper alternate irrigation to minimize such impacts, a maize pot experiment was conducted at three stages (seedling, jointing and tasseling, and after tasseling) with three alternate irrigation methods (BFF: brackish-fresh-fresh, FBF: fresh-brackish-fresh, and FFB: fresh-fresh-brackish) and with three salinities (1.69, 4.81, and 7.94 dS m-1), respectively. The results show that compared to freshwater irrigation, alternate irrigation with high-salinity brackish water increased soil electrical conductivity by 4.1% to 207.4% and reduced soil infiltration rate by 19.2% to 51.9%. The adverse impacts were more prominent in FBF and FFB than in BFF due to the higher proportions of brackish water in FBF and FFB. High-salinity brackish water also caused salt stress on maize growth and decreased evapotranspiration, relative water content, intrinsic water use efficiency, and electron transport rate by 6.6% to 30.6%, 2.1% to 10.2%, 7.3% to 17.9%, and 7.2% to 39.6%, respectively, leading to reduced growth and productivity. The salt stress was more pronounced in BFF and FBF than in FFB because maize is more salt-sensitive during the vegetative stage. Overall, brackish water irrigation at the jointing and tasseling stage (FBF) caused the most severe impacts on both soil and maize, so freshwater is advocated at this stage. In BFF, due to sufficient freshwater irrigation at later stages, slightly saline irrigation can be applied at the seedling stage without evident adverse effects. Higher-salinity brackish water was used successfully in the after-tasseling stage (FFB), although salt leaching by off-season rainfall was needed after harvest for sustainable production. Keywords: Crop yield, Saline water, Salt stress, Soil salinity, Water use efficiency.

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