scholarly journals Salinity stress mitigation of some canola cultivars grown under South Sinai conditions using magnetic water technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 21` (01) ◽  
pp. 17234-17253
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Hozayn ◽  
◽  
SM Azza ◽  
AAA Abd El-Monem ◽  
AA El-Mahdy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
South Sinai ◽  
Water Treatments

Salinity stresses either in irrigation water and/or soil is one of the most serious agricultural problems facing farmers in arid and semi-arid regions included Egypt. Many are as in the Sinai region depend mainly on the underground water of various degrees of salinity that prevent cultivated crops from reach to the full yield.Under these conditions,a split-plot field experiment using three canola cultivars; Pactol, Serw-4 and Serw-6under three irrigation water treatments:i) Brackish-water (BW), ii) Magnetic-BW1; brackish water after magnetization through passing a three inch static-magnetic unit,3.75 mT,produced by Delta Water Company, Egypt and iii) Magnetic-BW2;brackish water after magnetization through passing a three inch static magnetic unit, 0.75 mT,produced by Magnetic-Technologies Company, UAE,was carried out at Agricultural Experimental Station of Desert Research Centre, Ras Sidr region, South Sinai Governorate, Egypt during the 2017/18 winter season. The results showed that irrigation with M-BW1or M-BW2surpassed irrigation with BW in all tested growth parameters (plant height, branches and leaf number/plant, leaf area, dry matter of leaves, stem and total plant,and total chlorophyll); leaf anatomy(instance, mid vein and lamina thickness, length and width of leaf vascular bundle and lower and upper epidermis thickness); stem anatomy(stem diameter and thickness of cortex, xylem and phloem in addition pith diameter)and chemical analysis for mineral content (N, P, K, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn ) at 85 days after sowing (DAS). As an average of both magnetically brackish-water treatments over tested three canola varieties, the percent of improvement compared to irrigation with brackish-water ranged between 10.78-16.02% for growth parameters, 28.33-31.76% for dry matter of plant; 15.58 -80.81% for leaf;10.71-63.88% for stems and2.42-54.48% for mineral content of leaves at 85 DAS.Reverse trends were observed in the best indicators for alleviation salinity stress (Na, and proline),where these decrease dunder both magnetic brackish water treatments by 66.08 and 43.75%, respectively (average of both magnetically brackish-water treatments compared to BW water treatment). Generally, the three tested canola varieties showed a positive response under magnetic brackish water treatments. The positive results in above-mentioned parameters of vegetative growth reflected improvement in canola yield and its components. The percent of improvement ranged between 9.35and35.98 for yield components and reached1.29,19.66 and21.30% in seed oil percentage, seeds and oil yield (kg fed-1;fed=4200m2), respectively compared to brackish water.

Effects of irrigation strategies and nitrogen fertiliser on turnip dry matter yield, water use efficiency, nutritive characteristics and mineral content in western Victoria

2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Jacobs ◽  
G. N. Ward ◽  
G. Kearney
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Insect Damage ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Use Efficiency

The effect of different irrigation strategies on turnip forage crop growth rates, dry matter (DM) yield, water use efficiency (WUE), changes in soil volumetric water content, nutritive characteristics and mineral content was determined on different soil types at different sites (site 1 and 2) over 2 years. Treatments were: (A) a dryland control; (B) fully watered to soil field capacity each week; (C) 75% of full watering; (D) 50% of full watering; (E) 25% of full watering; (F) a single watering to soil field capacity or to a maximum of 50 mm between weeks 0–6; (G) a single watering between weeks 6–8; (H) a single watering between weeks 8–10; and (I) a single watering between weeks 10–12 after sowing. In addition, each irrigation treatment received either 0 or 50 kg N/ha applied 5 weeks after sowing. Responses to applied irrigation water were different at each site and also within one year. At site 1, responses to irrigation were adversely affected by insect damage and delayed sowing, particularly in year 1. However, there were significant increases in DM yield to weekly irrigation regimes in both years, with responses greater in year 2, and responses in both years were greater where nitrogen was applied. At site 2, there were significant responses to weekly irrigation regimes in year 1 with DM yields from fully irrigated plots almost double that of the dryland treatment. In year 2, DM yields from all treatments were similar and it is proposed that lower summer temperatures may have contributed to the improved DM yield observed with the dryland treatment. In both years, at site 2, there were generally higher DM yields with nitrogen application irrespective of irrigation regime. Turnip metabolisable energy values were consistently above 11.5 and 13 MJ/kg DM for leaves and roots respectively, with crude protein contents for leaves ranging from 11 to 20% and 13 to 24% and roots from 6 to 14% and 9 to 17% at sites 1 and 2, respectively. Water use efficiencies varied according to irrigation treatment with higher efficiencies observed at site 2 in both years. In year 1 and 2, total WUE at site 1 varied from 5 to 11 kg DM/ha.mm while at site 2 the range was 20–48�kg�DM/ha.mm with higher values being observed in year 2. As with DM yields it is likely that the observed higher WUE in year 2 was due to lower summer temperatures. At site 2, the dryland treatments produced the highest efficiencies in both years. In contrast, WUE from applied irrigation water ranged from 0 to 35 kg DM/ha.mm at site�1 and from 0 to 23 kg DM/ha.mm at site 2. This study suggests that there is potential to economically irrigate turnips to provide additional DM of high nutritional value for lactating dairy cows, however, issues such as sowing dates, soil type, and insect damage will also influence final yields. In particular, summer temperatures influence both dryland growth potential and growth responses to irrigation. Also single irrigations during the growing period will not significantly increase DM yields over a crop grown under dryland conditions.

scholarly journals The Effects of Zinc-Oxide Nanoparticles on Growth Parameters of Corn (SC704)

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melika Taheri ◽  
Hania Ataiei Qarache ◽  
Alimohammad Ataei Qarache ◽  
Mahdieh Yoosefi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Zno Nanoparticle ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Zno Particles

Nanoparticles are widely used in various fields like medicine and agriculture. Plant growth is hindered in mineral poor soils. Supplementing mineral poor soils can improve plant growth. One role of nanoparticles in agriculture is stimulating crop growth. In this study, the three different physical forms of ZnO particles in irrigation water were used to supplement mineral poor soil. Their effect on the growth of single cross 704 (SC704) corn was investigated. We studied the effects of ZnO nanocolloid, ZnO nanoparticles, and micrometric ZnO particles. The concentration of nanoparticles in irrigation water was 2 ppm. The results show that the addition of all three ZnO particle types in irrigation water improved shoot dry matter and leaf area index. The best results came from the ZnO nanoparticle treatment which on average, increased the shoot dry matter and leaf area indexes by 63.8% and 69.7% respectively. Based on these results, we can conclude that zinc nanoparticles can improve corn growth and yield in mineral poor soils.

scholarly journals Plant-available water, stem diameter variations, chlorophyll fluorescence, and ion content in Pistacia lentiscus under salinity stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Castillo-Campohermoso ◽  
Fernando Broetto ◽  
Ana Margarita Rodríguez-Hernández ◽  
Lluvia de Abril Alexandra Soriano-Melgar ◽  
Oussama Mounzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Pistacia Lentiscus ◽  
Ion Content ◽  
Chlorophyll Content And Fluorescence ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Root Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Plant Available Water

The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological and hydric adaptability of Pistacia lentiscus (lentisco) to saline irrigation conditions. Plants of lentisco were subjected to four salinity treatments in the irrigation water (0, 50, 100 y 150 mM NaCl) during three months in a growth chamber in order to identify possible tolerance mechanisms to salinity stress. The results showed a reduction of aerial growth parameters, mainly in the 150 mM of NaCl treatment. The root biomass did not change; however, the root hydraulic conductivity was modif ied. This behavior was related with decreases in leaf water potential values both at morning and midday. With the increase of salinity in the irrigation water, the radial growth of stem of the plants was proportionally decreased, and Cl- and Na+ content at minimum and maximum illumination in leaves and roots increased. Stomatal conductance decreased in the plants with higher salinity level, although chlorophyll content and fluorescence were not affected by the salinity treatments. Although the growth rates were statistically affected in all the treatments, the plants were able to resist the salt stress through changes in the leaf structures, related to a reduction of water losses via transpiration.

scholarly journals Use of Soil-Structured Capillary Barrier can Mitigate the Impact of Saline-Irrigation Water on Marigold Grown Under Field Condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 09
Author(s):  
Mohammed Said Al-Mazroui ◽  
Rashid Al-Yahyai ◽  
Said Al-Ismaily ◽  
Anvar Kacimov ◽  
Hamed Al-Busaidi
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Field Condition ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Capillary Barriers ◽  
Structured Soil ◽  
Vegetative And Reproductive Growth ◽  
The Impact

Capillary barriers (CBs) as engineered porous composites is novel and promising technology for mitigating salinity and drought stress of plants. This study aimed to imitate a naturally formed CB structure recently discovered in the reservoir bed of Al-Khoud dam at the Governorate of Muscat in northern Oman and to test the impact of this unique CB on mitigating the salinity stress of marigold plants grown under an open field condition. A plot was constructed and divided into “structured” (engineered cascade CB design) and “unstructured” soils and planted with marigold (Tagetes erecta) plants that were subjected to four salinity treatments (control with ECi ≈ 0.6 dS m-1 ; 3 dS m-1; 6 dS m-1; and 9 dS m-1). Plant physiological, vegetative, and reproductive growth parameters were measured in each treatment. The results showed that the structured soil significantly saved irrigation water and reduce salts accumulation. Structured soil improved all vegetative and reproductive plant parameters measured and helped in reducing the effects of salinity stress on the growth and production of the marigold under arid-climate field conditions. The results also showed the capability of structured soil in water saving and improving water use efficiency. This study substantiates a novel method in mitigating salinity problem and in water saving in arid and semi-arid regions, in particular in Oman. Further studies are required to test the use of the engineered cascade CB design with different crops and with alternative (e.g. subsurface) irrigation methods.

Introduction and management of vetch/barley forage mixtures in the rainfed areas of Pakistan. 1. Forage yield

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Qamar ◽  
J. D. H. Keatinge ◽  
Noor Mohammad (dec.) ◽  
Asghar Ali ◽  
M. Ajmal Khan
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Forage Mixtures

To investigate the introduction of vetch/barley forage mixtures with a range of harvesting treatments in the winter season of Mediterranean-type environments, studies were carried out during 1994–97 at the National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, which has an annual rainfall of around 1000 mm, and at a much drier site at the Arid Zone Research Centre (AZRC) at Quetta in Pakistan, which has an annual rainfall of around (223 mm). Common vetch (V), barley (B), and their mixtures at seed ratios of V75B25, V50B50, and V25B75 were sown and 3 harvest time treatments (pre-flowering, full flowering, and maturity) were imposed. At NARC, there were significant differences (P < 0·01) in dry matter production between crop mixture ratios and between different harvest times. Mixtures of vetch and barley were generally more productive than any of the sole crops, with the yield of the best mixture V75B25 (7·6 t/ha) being almost twice as productive as sole vetch. Productivity at the full flowering stage was lower (5·3 t/ha) than that recorded at maturity (7·0 t/ha) and for the dual-cut pre-flowering harvest treatment (6·2 t/ha). At AZRC, the same trends as at NARC were observed but with lower yields because of the substantially lower and less well distributed rainfall and suboptimal temperatures. The highest dry matter was obtained with the treatment V75B25 (3·3 t/ha), which was approximately 50% higher in yield than sole vetch or sole barley (around 2 t/ha). Dry matter was highest at the maturity stage (3·2 t/ha) and lowest at the flowering stage (2·3 t/ha), except in the sole vetch crop which was lowest in yield at the pre-flowering stage (2·7 t/ha), implying a minor interaction between seed mixture and harvesting stage.

scholarly journals Effect of irrigation levels at different growth stages on growth parameters and yield of four selected chilli accessions

1970 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAI Khan ◽  
AM Farooque ◽  
MA Hoque ◽  
MA Rahim ◽  
MA Haque
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Plant Leaf ◽  
Water Treatments ◽  
Different Growth Stages

An experiment as conducted at Bangladesh Agricultural University. Mymensingh in poly bags under glasshouse condition during October 1997 to March 1998 to know the effects of different water levels at different growth stages of four selected chilli accessions viz., C-027l, C-0272, C-0275, and C-0277. Six water treatments viz., watering once everyday (W1), watering twice everyday (W2). watering at 4 days interval (W3), watering at 8 days interval (W4), watering at 16 days interval (W5), and no watering (W0) were tested at three growth stages viz., Vegetable stage (S1), Flowering stage (S2), and Fruiting stage (S3). The accessions of chilli were selected from the results of a previous experiment where ten accessions of chilli collected from Spices Research Centre (SRC) of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur were used. The primary selection was made on the basis of their tolerance and susceptibility to water stages. The results revealed that all the studied parameters viz., plant height, canopy diameter, root length, root volume, no. of fruits per plant, fruit length, fruit diameter, individual fruit weight, no. of leaves per plant, leaf area per plant, fruit yield per plant, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, root dry weight, fruit dry weight per plant, varied significantly among the accessions under different water treatments at different stages of growth. Out of four accessions, C-0271 and C-0277 were found as water stress tolerant and susceptible, respectively. Key Words: Water level; growth stage; chilli accessions DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v34i1.5764Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(1) : 143-155, March 2009

The effect of coal mine pit water on the productivity of cattle. I. Mineral intake, retention and excretion and the water balance in growing steers

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 961 ◽  
Author(s):  
BM Robertson ◽  
T Magner ◽  
A Dougan ◽  
MA Holmes ◽  
RA Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Mineral Excretion ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Mine Sites ◽  
Water Treatments ◽  
In Blood Plasma

Coal mine pit water contains high concentrations of inorganic sulfur (S) along with lesser concentrations of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), and chloride (C1-). In the Bowen Basin of Central Queensland beef cattle grazing adjacent to mine sites may ingest this water. This study examined the effect of diluted coal mine pit water on the intake, routes of excretion, digestibility, and retention of nitrogen and minerals in steers, and also measured the changes in the concentration of electrolytes and metabolites in blood plasma and urine, and the water content, within the animals. Twelve growing steers weighing 352rt7 kg (mean �.s.e.m.) were divided into 2 groups of 6 and randomly allocated to 2 treatments: town water (low mineral content) or diluted coal mine pit water containing about 2000 mg sulfate/L, together with (approx. mg/L) Ca (190). Mg (260), Na (1300), and Cl- (1580). Intake of feed, Medicago sativa hay, was fixed at 5.5 kg dry matter/day. Following a 35-day adaptation to the final concentration of pit water (2000 mg sulfate/L) an 8-day collection for digestibility and mineral retention was undertaken. The ingestion of high mineral loads in diluted coal mine pit water did not significantly (P > 0.05) alter water and feed intake and organic matter digestibility of the diet. The percentage increase in total mineral excretion for steers consuming pit water compared to animals drinking town water was S 90, Ca 39, Mg 40, Na 162, and C1- 31. There was no significant (P > 0.05) difference between drinking water treatments in the retention of nitrogen. S, Ca, Mg, Na, and C1-. The concentrations of urea-nitrogen, minerals (apart from Mg), and thiamin in blood plasma remained similar for both treatments. The concentration of Mg in blood plasma was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in steers receiving pit water (22.4 mg/L) than in steers receiving town water (19.9 mg/L). Indicators of dehydration and movement of body solutes in steers were not influenced by treatment. The findings demonstrate the ability of cattle to maintain their water and solute homeostasis for at least 46 days when consuming high concentrations of minerals sourced from diluted coal mine pit water. The mechanisms with which cattle achieve this are discussed.

scholarly journals Resistance to salinity stress and available water levels at the seedling stage of the common vetch (Vicia sativa L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Orak ◽  
E. Ateş
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Salinity Water ◽  
The Common ◽  
Water Treatments

This research was carried out in the Field Crop Department, Tekirda Agriculture Faculty, and Plant Breeding Application and Research Centre, Trakya University, Turkey. The response of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) seedlings to salt and available water level tolerance were compared for its water retention capability and the dry matter of shoots, root and shoot weights after 2 h incubation at 30&deg;C and 1 h incubation at 105&deg;C under the conditions of absence, as well as the presence of various levels of salinity and available water. Germination was not affected by the salinity and available water treatments. 1.35 dS/m salinity water treatment resulted in increasing the fresh weights of its shoot (1.179 g) and root (0.580 g), weights after 2 h incubation at 30&deg;C (shoot: 0.0456 and root: 0.0325 g) and 1 h incubation at 105&deg;C (shoot: 0.0104 g and root: 0.0073 g), water retention capability (0.0123 g) and dry matter (0.0236 g) of the shoot in seedlings. The highest fresh weight (root: 0.567 g and shoot: 1.113 g) and water retention capability (0.0112 g) were determined from capacity of the field.

Interaction of Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Transformed by rapA1 Gene with Pseudomonas sp. 102 Bacteria Resistant to High Cadmium Concentrations as a Basis for Effective Symbiotic Phytoremediation System

2019 ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
L.R. Khakimova ◽  
A.M. Lavina ◽  
L.R. Karimova ◽  
V.V. Fedyaev ◽  
An.Kh. Baymiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Government

A Pseudomonas sp. 102 strain, which is highly resistant to toxic effects of cadmium and has plant growth-promoting activity, can significantly increase growth parameters and biomass of tomato plants, including those observed under toxic effects of cadmium. The greatest positive effect was observed in plants transformed with the bacterial adhesin gene rapA1, the product of which is important for colonization of plant roots by bacteria. It was also shown that shoots of transgenic tomato plants accumulated the greatest amount of cadmium during inoculation with Pseudomonas sp. 102. The ability to extract high concentrations of cadmium and accumulate a large biomass under stress opens up prospects for the further use of associative interactions between tomato and Pseudomonas for phytoremediation. phytoremediation, cadmium, tomato, Pseudomonas, inoculation, agglutinins, This study was carried out using the equipment of the Biomika Centre for Collective Use of the Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics (Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences) as part of the government task (project no. AAAA-A16-1160203500284). This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project nos. 18-34-20004 and 18-34-00033) and 18-344-0033 mol_a_ved and 34-00033 mol_a).

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