Effect of sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) green manuring on weed dynamics in puddle transplanted rice-based systems

SUMMARYIn intermediate deepwater conditions (0–50 cm) at Cuttack, India during 1990 and 1991, rice and dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata) were either mixed-sown in different arrangements (parallel lines and mixed broadcasting) in dry soil by the end of May or rice seedlings were transplanted in plots grown with pure dhaincha after the accumulation of water in the field by mid-July. Incorporation of dhaincha in situ after 48 and 54 days of growth added 60·8–65·2 and 72·9–76·9 kg N/ha in the mixed stands compared with 81·3 and 85·1 kg N/ha in the pure stand in 1990 and 1991 respectively. Although the growth of rice when sown simultaneously with dhaincha was affected initially due to the more vigorous growth and shading by the latter, tillering of rice increased after the incorporation of green manure following an increase in inter-row spacings. The performance of the direct-sown and transplanted rice was similar in 1990, when the water level rose relatively slowly, but in 1991 the transplanted crop yielded significantly less due to the sudden accumulation of water to higher depths (48 cm), resulting in greater mortality of seedlings at planting. However, the grain yield of both directsown and transplanted crops increased with dhaincha green manuring compared with the control (no application of dhaincha) and was equal to the application of 40 kg N/ha applied as urea fertilizer. The highest yield was obtained when rice and dhaincha were grown at a 2:1 ratio in 20 cm wide rows and the clonal tillers uprooted from the adjoining rice rows were planted in lines vacated by dhaincha. The yield was, however, equal to that from treatments where rice and dhaincha were grown in alternate rows at 15 cm spacing or mixed broadcasting. Increase in yield under green manuring was due to greater panicle weight, which was probably due to a continued supply of N following decomposition of organic matter added through dhaincha. Therefore, green manuring of direct-sown rice with dhaincha was beneficial for higher crop productivity under excess water conditions.

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Effect of Organic Mulching and Early Post Emergence Herbicides on Weed Dynamics and Growth of Unpuddled Transplanted Rice

International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry ◽

10.9734/irjpac/2020/v21i1230229 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Sneha Kumari ◽

Manoj Kumar Singh ◽

Sripriya Das

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

Field Studies ◽

Effective Control ◽

Treatment Combination ◽

Transplanted Rice ◽

Main Plot ◽

Weed Dynamics ◽

Hand Weeding

Field studies were carried out in 2017 and 2018 at Agricultural Research Farm, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India, to evaluate the effect of natural mulching and herbicides on weed dynamics and growth of rice. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three mulching treatments viz. no mulching, cover crop of Sesbania followed by green mulch and rice residue mulch (5 t/ ha) in main plots and five weed management treatments, viz. weedy, two hand weeding, post-emergence application of bispyribac Na 25 g/ ha, penoxsulam 30 g/ ha and tank mix bispyribac Na 25 g/ ha + pyrazosulfuron 20 g/ ha at 18 DAT in sub plots. Combination of main plot treatments and sub plot treatment allocated randomly and all the treatment combination were replicated thrice. The study revealed that mulching with Sesbania provided effective control of weeds, recorded significantly higher growth attributes and biological yield as compared to no mulching in both the years. Among weed management treatments two hand weeding resulted significant reduction in density and dry matter of weeds and increased yield which was at par with post-emergence application of penoxsulam 30 g/ha in both the years Treatment combination of surface mulching of Sesbania with two hand weeding recorded significantly higher number of tillers, as compared to other treatment combinations, it was at par with combination of surface mulching with Sesbania and post-emergence application of penoxsulam 30 g/ha and rice straw mulching and post-emergence application of penoxsulam 30 g/ha.

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Effect of different organic mulches and in-situ green manuring on soil chemical, biological properties and weed dynamics in Maize

International Journal of Agricultural Invention ◽

10.46492/ijai/2018.3.1.11 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (01) ◽

pp. 57-61

Author(s):

K. S. Rajashekarappa ◽

MD Majeed Pasha ◽

K. Devaraj

Keyword(s):

Green Leaf ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Initial Population ◽

Research Station ◽

Available Nitrogen ◽

Green Manuring ◽

Horse Gram ◽

Weed Dynamics ◽

And Control

A study was conducted at the Zonal Agricultural Research Station, UAS, GKVK, Bangalore in Alfisols during 2010 to know the effect of different organic mulches and in-situ green manuring on soil properties and weed dynamics in maize. The soil was red sandy loam, slightly acidic in pH and with low in available nitrogen and medium in available phosphorus and potassium. The experiment consists of nine treatments comprising different mulchels like straw, coir pith, coconut fronds, tank soil and in-situ green manuring of sunhemp and glyricidia as green leaf manuring and horse gram as intercrop and control which are replicated thrice in RCBD. The results indicated that the soil organic carbon content did not differ significantly due to different mulches and in-situ green manuring but differed significantly with respect to available nutrients and on weed dynamics. Among different treatments in-situ green manuring of sunhemp registered significantly higher available nitrogen (281.18 kg/ha) over other treatments but which was on par with green leaf manuring, horse gram intercropping and tank silt application. Similarly, in-situ green manuring of sunhemp recorded significantly higher available phosphorus (77.93 kg/ha) over application of additional FYM but was on par with other treatments. Mulching with coconut fronds (2.3 t/ ha) recorded higher available potassium (136.13 kg/ha) but which was on par with other mulches except mulching with straw, application of additional FYM and control. The population of total bacteria, fungi and P solublizers, Azotobactor were found be increased significantly after the harvest of the crop compared to the initial population, in-situ green manuring of sunhemp, green leaf manuring with glyricidia and intercropping of horse gram registered lower weed density of 24.41, 30.44 and 32.14 per m2 respectively over other treatments. Similar trend was noticed with respect to weed dry weight and weed control efficiency.

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Effect of green manuring and mineral fertilizer on growth and yield of crops in rice-based cropping on acid lateritic soil

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600082198 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 110 (3) ◽

pp. 605-608 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

A. R. Sharma ◽

B. N. Mittra

Keyword(s):

Green Manure ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Lateritic Soil ◽

Available N ◽

Green Manuring ◽

Transplanted Rice ◽

Green Manure Crops

SummaryGreen manuring in situ with sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea) and dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata) significantly improved growth and yield of transplanted rice. Giving the green manure crops 15 kg N/ha or 15 kg N and 30 kg P2O5/ha further increased yield. Interaction between green manuring and N fertilizer revealed that a considerable quantity of fertilizer N (45–60 kg N/ha) applied to rice could be replaced by incorporation of green manure crops to which a small amount of fertilizer had been applied. Residual fertility in terms of organic carbon and available N, P and K increased under green manuring, whereas N fertilizer made no impact on fertility build up. Grain yield of wheat and gram increased when grown after rice in plots which had grown green manure.

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Analysis of Crotalaria Juncea with Special Reference to its Use in Green Manuring and Fibre Production 1

Agronomy Journal ◽

10.2134/agronj1936.00021962002800030005x ◽

1936 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 216-227 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

B. N. Singh ◽

S. N. Singh

Keyword(s):

Special Reference ◽

Fibre Production ◽

Crotalaria Juncea ◽

Green Manuring

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Assessment of triasulfuron on weed dynamics and yield of transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v10i3.1861 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 935-938

Author(s):

Samartha Tewari ◽

Rohitashav Singh ◽

Anil Nath ◽

Deepak Pandey

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Field Experiment ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Block Design ◽

Growth Period ◽

Metsulfuron Methyl ◽

Transplanted Rice ◽

Broad Leaf ◽

Weed Dynamics

A field experiment was managed during kharif season of 2014 in G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand) to assess the outcome of applying dissimilar rates of triasulfuron on the transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.) associated weeds. Treatments composed of triasulfuron at three different rates, metsulfuron methyl, ethoxysulfuron, 2, 4-D with 2 checks (weed free and untreated). Experiment was carried out in Randomised block Design with 8 treatments and 3 replications. Grassy weeds, broad leaf weeds and sedges were observed during the crop growth period. Triasulfuron at 12 g ha-1 proved most efficient in controlling weeds at 60 and 90 days after transplanting (DAT) with 44.4 % and 59.6 % WCE respectively. Minimum weed dry matter (65.1 g m2) was observed with triasulfuron at 12 g ha-1. Out of all the herbicidal treatments, triasulfuron at 12 g ha-1 gave the paramount grain yield of rice (5786 kg ha-1) which was significantly surpassing all other herbicidal treatments, while it was minimum in metsulfuron methyl at 4 g ha-1 (4417 kg ha-1).

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Impact of Green Manuring and Crop Residues Incorporation along with Gypsum on Rehabilitation of Saline Sodic Soil and Yield of Direct Seeded and Transplanted Rice

Biological Sciences - PJSIR ◽

10.52763/pjsir.biol.sci.62.3.2019.133.138 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 133-138

Author(s):

Imdad Ali Mahmood ◽

Muhammad Arshad Ullah ◽

Muhammad Jamil ◽

Badar-uz- Zaman ◽

Muhammad Suhaib ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crop Residue ◽

Crop Residues ◽

Soil Productivity ◽

Sodic Soil ◽

Green Manuring ◽

Transplanted Rice ◽

Direct Seeded ◽

Crop Harvest ◽

Second Year ◽

Paddy Yield

A two years field study on rice was conducted to see the efficacy of gypsum to improve soil productivity with green manuring (GM) and crop residue (CR) incorporation and its impact on paddy yield of direct seeded rice and transplanted rice grown under saline-sodic soil..................................................Soil organic matter (SOM) intensity was also improved due to GM and CR incorporation particularly during the second year of crop harvest.

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