scholarly journals Impact of Green Manuring and Crop Residues Incorporation along with Gypsum on Rehabilitation of Saline Sodic Soil and Yield of Direct Seeded and Transplanted Rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
Imdad Ali Mahmood ◽  
Muhammad Arshad Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Jamil ◽  
Badar-uz- Zaman ◽  
Muhammad Suhaib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Sodic Soil ◽  
Green Manuring ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Crop Harvest ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Paddy Yield

A two years field study on rice was conducted to see the efficacy of gypsum to improve soil productivity with green manuring (GM) and crop residue (CR) incorporation and its impact on paddy yield of direct seeded rice and transplanted rice grown under saline-sodic soil..................................................Soil organic matter (SOM) intensity was also improved due to GM and CR incorporation particularly during the second year of crop harvest.

scholarly journals Crop Residue Management for Sustenance of Natural Resources and Agriculture Productivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maninder Singh ◽  
Anita Jaswal ◽  
Arshdeep Singh
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Crop Residue Management

Crop residue management (CRM) through conservation agriculture can improve soil productivity and crop production by preserving soil organic matter (SOM) levels. Two major benefits of surface-residue management are improved organic matter (OM) near the soil surface and boosted nutrient cycling and preservation. Larger microbial biomass and activity near the soil surface act as a pool for nutrients desirable in crop production and enhance structural stability for increased infiltration. In addition to the altered nutrient distribution within the soil profile, changes also occur in the chemical and physical properties of the soil. Improved soil C sequestration through enhanced CRM is a cost-effective option for reducing agriculture's impact on the environment. Ideally, CRM practices should be selected to optimize crop yields with negligible adverse effects on the environment. Crop residues of common agricultural crops are chief resources, not only as sources of nutrients for subsequent crops but also for amended soil, water and air quality. Maintaining and managing crop residues in agriculture can be economically beneficial to many producers and more importantly to society. Improved residue management and reduced tillage practices should be encouraged because of their beneficial role in reducing soil degradation and increasing soil productivity. Thus, farmers have a responsibility in making management decisions that will enable them to optimize crop yields and minimize environmental impacts. Multi-disciplinary and integrated efforts by a wide variety of scientists are required to design the best site-specific systems for CRM practices to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability while minimizing environmental impacts.

Climate and soil type effects on crop residue decomposition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ed Gregorich ◽  
Mike Beare ◽  
Denis Curtin ◽  
Henry Janzen ◽  
Ben Ellert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Thermal Time ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Organic Matter Quality ◽  
Crop Residue Decomposition

<p>Crop residues are an important resource for maintaining soil productivity. The decay of crop residues is linked to many ecosystem functions, affecting atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>, nutrient release, microbial diversity, and soil organic matter quality. The rate of decay, in turn, is regulated by soil type, management, and environmental variables, some of which will be changing in the future. Our objective in this study was to evaluate effects of soil type, climate, residue placement on the decomposition and retention of residue-derived C. <sup>13</sup>C-labelled barley straw was either placed at the surface or mixed to 10 cm in soils at four sites in Canada and one site in New Zealand representing different soil types and climates. Soils were collected periodically over 10 yr to determine <sup>13</sup>C remaining. The loss of C from crop residues occurred quickly, most (70-75%) within the first 2 yrs but with only 5-10% remaining after 10 yrs. There were large losses of C from the mixed treatments within the first year, with 20-50% lost after 6 months over winter and 50-70 % lost after one year; after that decomposition slowed. Temperature was the single most important factor regulating the rate of residue decay. Thermal time, expressed as cumulative degree days, explained more of the variability in residue C recovered than time (in calendar years). Slower decay of surface-placed residues may be attributed to lower mean annual precipitation at those sites. Thermal time is a robust, consistent way of predicting crop residue decay rates (or C storage) for comparing C kinetics across sites with different soils and climates.</p>

scholarly journals Tillage System, Crop Residue s and Nitrogen to Improve the Productivity of Direct Seeded Rice and Transplanted Rice

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avtar Singh ◽  
Rajneesh Kumar ◽  
J. S. Kang
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residue ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Direct Seeded

Rice is grown by different techniques for higher productivity with judicious use of inputs and natural resources. Transplanting of paddy seedlings is common method of crop establishment in the irrigated rice systems of Asia but transplanting is labour intensive (30 persons/ha/day). The preparation of land for transplanting paddy (puddling) consumes about 20-40 % of the total water required for growing of crop and subsequently poses difficulties in seed bed preparation for succeeding wheat crop in rotation. It also promotes the formation of hard pan which effects rooting depth of next crop. So, in this paper discussed the different methods of establishment of rice, sowing of rice in the crop residue of wheat with different tillage systems and use of nitrogen for higher productivity of rice.

scholarly journals Effect of Placement Method of Crop Residue and Irrigation on Soil Physical Properties and Plant Production

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
Dwl Putro Tejo Baskoro
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Surface Application ◽  
Wet Condition

A proper management of crop residue can increase crop production since it plays an important role on increasingwater availability. The effect of crop residue application on soil productivity depends on many factors. In this research. theeffect of placement of crop residue and irrigation on soil physical properties and crop production were examined under field condition on dry season. The result showed that crop residue placement had no significant effect on all parameters of measured soil physical properties both under dry condition (no irrigation) and wet condition (with irrigation). The effects ofcrop residue placements on maize growth were also not significant. Nevertheless there was a tendency that surface application produced higher biomass than buried application. On grain yield, however. the effect of crop residue placement was significant. especially under dry condition with no water applied Surface application of crop residues produced higher grain yield than buried application.

Soil amendments and water-stable aggregation of a desurfaced Dark Brown Chernozem

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiguo Sun ◽  
Francis J. Larney ◽  
Murray S. Bullock
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Animal Manures ◽  
Maximum Stability

Aggregate stability, which influences soil resistance to wind and water erosion, can be improved by the application of organic amendments. In spring 1992, a desurfaced Dark Brown Chernozem in southern Alberta was amended with six animal manures, four crop residues and two rates of phosphate fertilizer, to determine their efficacy in restoring soil productivity. Eroded check (no amendment) and topsoil check (no desurfacing) treatments were left for comparison. One year later, wet aggregate stability at five levels of aggregate pre-wetting was determined. Aggregate stabilities of crop residue-amended soils were significantly higher (P < 0.01) than those of soils treated with animal manures or fertilizer/checks at all wetness levels. Significant (P < 0.01) quadratic response and plateau relationships between aggregate stability and soil water content showed that there was a threshold moisture content for maximum stability. With the onset of rainfall, aggregates on the crop residue-amended treatments would reach maximum stability sooner than those on the fertilizer/check treatments, thereby decreasing the potential for water erosion. Stability of air-dry aggregates showed weak positive relationships with organic and inorganic C. Amendment of eroded soils with crop residues is likely more effective in limiting erosion than amendment with animal manures or chemical fertilizers, at least in the first year after incorporation. Key words: Soil erosion, aggregate stability, animal manure, crop residue

scholarly journals Comparison of Direct Seeded and Transplanted Rice in Response to Zinc under Salt-Affected Soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-114
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arshad Ullah ◽  
Imdad Ali Mahmood ◽  
Badar-uz- Zaman ◽  
Syed Ishtiaq Haider ◽  
Muhammad Suhaib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Salt Affected Soil ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Paddy Yield

An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different levels of Zn (0, 5, 10, 15kg/ha) on growth and yield of direct seeded and transplanted rice (Oryza sativa) under naturally salt-affected soil having pH=8.32; ECe=6.41dS/m; SAR=26.71(mmolc/L)½ at the farm of Soil Salinity ResearchInstitute, Pindi Bhattian during 2013. Plant height, number of tillers/plant, panicle length and number ofgrains/panicle were higher in transplanted rice than direct seeded rice at all Zn levels. Maximum paddyyield (2.61 t/ha) of direct seeded rice was attained with the application of 10 kg Zn/ha closely followedby 15 kg Zn/ha application (2.41 t/ha) which was statistical at par with paddy yield (2.45 t/ha) of transplantedrice in salt-affected field. However, overall paddy yield of direct seeded rice was 5 % higher than thetransplanted rice.

scholarly journals Nexus Between Crop Residue Burning, Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development Goals Over North-Western India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Venkatramanan ◽  
Shachi Shah ◽  
Ashutosh Kumar Rai ◽  
Ram Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Western India ◽  
Crop Residue Management ◽  
Crop Residue Burning ◽  
North Western

The crop residue burning in India particularly North-western India is responsible for air pollution episodes and public health concerns; greenhouse gases emissions and radiation imbalance; and declining soil organic matter and soil productivity. The objectives of this paper are to estimate the crop residue burning and emissions from crop residue burning, to recommend interventions in crop residue management and to propose a crop residue management-bioeconomy model incorporating strategies to sustainably manage the crop residues through interventions that enable waste valorization, food and nutritional security, farmers’ livelihood and sustainable agricultural production system. A national inventory on crop residue burning including the pollutant species was prepared using the IPCC methodology. The crop types included for the estimation are cereals, pulses, oilseeds, sugarcane, cotton, jute and Mesta. The total amount of crop residues generated and burned for the year 2017–18 was estimated at 516 million tonnes and 116 million tonnes respectively. It is estimated that 116.3 Tg of crop residues burning released about 176.1 Tg of CO2, 10 Tg of CO, 313.9 Gg of CH4, 8.14 Gg of N2O, 151.14 Gg of NH3, 813.8 Gg of NMVOC, 453.4 Gg of PM2.5, and 935.9 Gg of PM10. The emission estimates can be a proxy to prepare the national level inventory of air pollutant species from crop residue burning. The crop residue management (CRM) demands a transition from the traditional zone of CRM to bioeconomy zone of CRM, wherein the interventions aim at the sustainability of agroecosystem. The proposed bioeconomy model has a four-pronged strategy that includes smart agriculture practices, waste bioeconomy involving aspirational principles of bioeconomy, capacity building of stakeholders’ and proactive government policy. Sustainable agricultural bioeconomy provides ample opportunities to reduce crop residue burning, increase farmers’ livelihood and decarbonize the agricultural production. India’s efforts and policies can provide lessons for other agricultural regions having similar environmental constraints.

scholarly journals Effect of P, Zn and crop residue return on grain yield and P uptake of direct seeded rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 648 (1) ◽  
pp. 012181
Author(s):  
N Al Viandari ◽  
A Wihardjaka ◽  
H B Pulunggono ◽  
Suwardi ◽  
B N Sulastri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Direct Seeded

scholarly journals Impact of crop residue management on crop production and soil chemistry after seven years of crop rotation in temperate climate, loamy soils

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Pierre Hiel ◽  
Sophie Barbieux ◽  
Jérôme Pierreux ◽  
Claire Olivier ◽  
Guillaume Lobet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Crop Residue Management ◽  
The Impact

Society is increasingly demanding a more sustainable management of agro-ecosystems in a context of climate change and an ever growing global population. The fate of crop residues is one of the important management aspects under debate, since it represents an unneglectable quantity of organic matter which can be kept in or removed from the agro-ecosystem. The topic of residue management is not new, but the need for global conclusion on the impact of crop residue management on the agro-ecosystem linked to local pedo-climatic conditions has become apparent with an increasing amount of studies showing a diversity of conclusions. This study specifically focusses on temperate climate and loamy soil using a seven-year data set. Between 2008 and 2016, we compared four contrasting residue management strategies differing in the amount of crop residues returned to the soil (incorporation vs. exportation of residues) and in the type of tillage (reduced tillage (10 cm depth) vs. conventional tillage (ploughing at 25 cm depth)) in a field experiment. We assessed the impact of the crop residue management on crop production (three crops—winter wheat, faba bean and maize—cultivated over six cropping seasons), soil organic carbon content, nitrate (${\mathrm{NO}}_{3}^{-}$), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) soil content and uptake by the crops. The main differences came primarily from the tillage practice and less from the restitution or removal of residues. All years and crops combined, conventional tillage resulted in a yield advantage of 3.4% as compared to reduced tillage, which can be partly explained by a lower germination rate observed under reduced tillage, especially during drier years. On average, only small differences were observed for total organic carbon (TOC) content of the soil, but reduced tillage resulted in a very clear stratification of TOC and also of P and K content as compared to conventional tillage. We observed no effect of residue management on the ${\mathrm{NO}}_{3}^{-}$ content, since the effect of fertilization dominated the effect of residue management. To confirm the results and enhance early tendencies, we believe that the experiment should be followed up in the future to observe whether more consistent changes in the whole agro-ecosystem functioning are present on the long term when managing residues with contrasted strategies.

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