EFFECT OF FLOW RATE AND CULTURE SYSTEM ON NUTRIENTS CONSUMPTION RATE AND LETTUCE PRODUCTIVITY IN HYDROPONIC AND AQUAPONIC SYSTEMS

2022 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Amira Amin ◽  
Elsayed Khater ◽  
Samir Ali ◽  
Salah M. Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Consumption Rate

Performance of biomass combustor based drying system for ginger drying

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (01) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
D. K. Vyas ◽  
N. Seth ◽  
J. J. Chavda
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Saw Dust ◽  
Fuel Consumption Rate ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Drying System ◽  
Maize Cobs

A biomass combustor based dryer was evaluated with different biomass for drying of ginger. Biomass combustor based dryer consists of fuel hopper, combustion chamber, heat exchanger, grate for proper combustion of the combustible gas, chimney, ambient air inlet, hot air outlet and drying chamber. The system was evaluated at five fuel consumption rate (1 to 5 kg.h–1) and five air flow rate (100, 150, 200, 300 and 400 m3.h–1) using maize cobs, sized wood and saw dust briquettes for ginger drying. The experimental performances show that the hot air temperature inside the dryer vary between 36 to 81ºC for maize cobs, 53 to 85ºC for sized wood and 49 to 87ºC for biomass briquettes at tested air flow rate and fuel consumption rate in the system. The maximum efficiency of the system was found at the fuel consumption rate of 1 kg.h–1 and 400 m3.h–1 air flow rate using maize cobs, sized wood and saw dust briquettes as fuel respectively. The cost of operation of ginger drying at 1 kg.h–1 fuel consumption rate and 400 m3/h air flow rate was Rs. 32.76, 34.26, 34.76 and 55 per hour using maize cobs, sized wood, saw dust briquettes and mechanical drying system, respectively. Hence, the drying of ginger in biomass combustor based dryer using maize cobs at 1 kg.h–1 fuel consumption rate and 400 m3/h air flow rate resulted in better performance.

scholarly journals Reinforcing a “Low Flow” Anaesthesia Policy with Feedback Can Produce a Sustained Reduction in Isoflurane Consumption

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Volatile Agent ◽  
Sustained Reduction ◽  
Low Flow Anaesthesia

A three-month audit of isoflurane consumption at Palmerston North Hospital in 1994 showed an averaged vapour flow rate of approx 85 ml per minute of anaesthesia, equivalent to 1.4% isoflurane at six litres per minute. After purchasing volatile agent analysers, a program encouraging low flow anaesthesia and providing a report of the previous month's consumption rate was started in July 1996. The isoflurane averaged vapour flow rate was tracked over the following twenty-month period and fell by a sustained 65% to range around 30±5 ml/min, producing savings of approximately NZ$104,000 over this period.

scholarly journals Thermal Performance and Economic Analysis of 210 MWe Coal-Fired Power Plant

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravinder Kumar ◽  
Avdhesh Kr. Sharma ◽  
P. C. Tewari
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Coal Consumption

This paper presents the thermal and economic performance of a 210 MWe coal-fired power plant situated in North India. Analysis is used to predict coal consumption rate, overall thermal efficiency, mass flow rate of steam through boiler, and Net present value (NPV) of plant for given load. Thermodynamic analysis was carried out using mass and energy equations followed by empirical correlations. Predicted mass flow rate of steam, coal consumption rate, and thermal efficiency give fair agreement with plant operating data. The economic analysis includes operational activities such as equipment cost, fuel cost, operations and maintenance cost, revenue, and plant net present value. From economic point of view, the effect of condensate extraction pump redundancy on net present value is observed to be sensitive than boiler feed pump redundancy.

Experimental Study on the Performance of the Single Screw Expander Prototype by Optimizing Configuration

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Yu-ting Wu ◽  
Guo-dong Xia ◽  
Chong-fang Ma ◽  
Jing-fu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Thermodynamic Efficiency ◽  
Single Screw ◽  
Gas Consumption

Improving thermodynamic efficiency of prime movers is the key issue for efficient utilization of low temperature heat resources. Because of many good characteristics, the single screw expander is perhaps a good choice. Precisions in manufacture and assembly are very important factors to the performance of single screw expanders. In this paper, experimental results of the first single screw expander prototype made by ourselves was analyzed and reported for the first time. From the experimental data, the power output of the prototype was about 5kW, but the gas consumption rate was above 105kg/kWh, so the shaft efficiency was only 34% or so. The results indicated that internal leakage was very serious. Hence, the second single screw expander prototype was manufactured. The gap between gate rotor and shell of the new prototype was reduced. The gap is about 0.02mm. From the new experimental data, the mass flow rate was significantly decreased. However, the power output was only 1.4kW. So, the gas consumption rate was even more than the first prototype. The reason of bad experimental results may arise from the too large friction between screw, gate rotor and shell in the case of small gap. So, we manufactured the third single screw expander prototype, which is 0.04mm in gap. From the experimental data, the maximum power output was about 4.5kW, but the mass flow rate was decreased sharply. So the gas consumption rate was about 60kg/kWh, and the shaft efficiency was about 60%. The result indicated that the performance of the single screw expander was remarkable improved by optimizing its configuration.

Blood oxygen requirements in resting crab (Carcinus maenas) 24 h after feeding

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 784-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexia Legeay ◽  
Jean-Charles Massabuau
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Carcinus Maenas ◽  
Blood Flow Rate ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Partial Pressure Of Oxygen ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Oxygen Requirements

Numerous resting unfed water-breathers have a strategy of gas-exchange regulation that consists of setting the arterial partial pressure of oxygen (Pao2) at 1-3 kPa. This raises a question concerning the extent to which physiological functions are limited in this situation. To obtain insight into this problem, we studied the steady-state adaptation of the blood-oxygen transfer system in the crab Carcinus maenas during the doubling of the oxygen consumption rate, Mo2 (i.e., during the period of specific dynamic action of food (SDA)), that occurs 24 h after feeding. We showed that this increase in the oxygen consumption rate 24 h after a meal is not limited by a blood partial pressure of oxygen (Po2) as low as 0.8-1.5 kPa in either normoxia or hypoxia (Po2 of the inspired water = 4 kPa). In normoxia, adaptation of the oxygen-transport system, if any, consisted of a combined set of adaptations of small amplitude (in absolute value), rather than major changes in blood oxygenation status, blood flow rate, or oxygen affinity (although blood pH decreases). In hypoxia, the SDA was mainly associated with an increase in blood flow rate and blood pH, with no changes in blood lactate, urate, calcium, and haemocyanin concentrations. The results are discussed, in an environmental context, in terms of minimal oxygen requirements in water-breathers.

scholarly journals Insecticide Belt Expert 480 SC, КС to control the number of grape leaf in vineyards

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-18
Author(s):  
Yu. Klechkovskyi ◽  
V. Bolshakova ◽  
K. Shmatkovska
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Productivity Indicators ◽  
Grape Leaf ◽  
Experimental Plots

Goal. To determine the technical efficacy of insecticide Belt Expert 480 SC, COP against grape leaf on vineyards, to determine its phytotoxicity and grape productivity indicators. Methods. Field studies were conducted in Ovidiopolsky district of Odessa region, OJSC “Peremoga” on vineyards of Rkatsiteli variety, planting of 2010. Results. In experimental plots when using the Belt Expert 480 SC, KC insecticide, the inflorescence damage 14 days after treatment was within 0.7—1.0%, and that of the brushes — 0.4—0.6%. On the reference variant, these figures were, respectively, 0.6% and 0.3%. The results of the studies showed that the insecticide Belt Expert 480 SC, KC with a flow rate of 0.25 l/ha was slightly less effective than Coragen standard preparation 20 KS with a flow rate of 1.0 l/ha. With an increase in the consumption rate of the test drug to 0.30 l/ha, its effectiveness on the grape leaf was practically at the level of the standard, both for the first and second generation of pests. The insecticidal activity of the studied drug Belt Expert 480 SC, KC at a consumption rate of 0.25 l/ha ranged from 93.7—94.2%. At a consumption rate of 0.30 l/ha, the effectiveness of the drug increased slightly and amounted to 95.6—96.2%, which was at the level of the reference drug Coragen 20 KS — 96.2—97.1%. When determining the yield of grape bushes in the control and experimental plots, there was no significant negative impact of prolonged drought and extreme temperatures during a significant part of the growing season. The estimated grape harvest from the experimental plots using the Belt Expert 480 SC, KC insecticide averaged 5.24—5.45 t/ha, the reference preparation of Coragen 20 KS was 5/47 t/ ha, which is 0.29—0.52 t/ha exceeded the yield of control bushes (4.95 t/ha). Conclusions. Insecticide Belt Expert 480 SC, KC at consumption rates of 0.25 and 0.30 l/ha, applied to grape plantations against the first and second generations of grape leaf showed a high protective effect, which was respectively 93.7—94.2% and 95.6—96.2%. In the applied consumption rates, the Belt Expert 480 SC, KC preparation did not show phytotoxic effects on the annual growth and generative organs of grape bushes.

scholarly journals Pancreatic line Cell Differentiation of bone marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Acellular Pancreatic Scaffolds

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Li ◽  
Yue Du ◽  
Xin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Static System ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Dynamic Culture

Abstract Background: To evaluate the potential differentiation ability of bone mesenchymal stromal cells(BMSCs) to pancreatic line Cells on rat acellular pancreatic bioscaffold (APB). Methods: Fresh pancreata from 20 Adult Sprague Dawley rats (between 6 and 7 weeks old) were soaked and perfused using Easy-Load Digital Drive peristaltic pumps. After BMSCs were isolated and identified, they were dynamic cultured on the APB and static cultured in tissue culture flask(TCF). Based on whether the differentiation was induced by the growth factors (GF) in the culture system, our study was divided into 4 groups: BMSCs cultured in TCF without any GF(TCF-GF(-)), BMSCs cultured in TCF with GF(TCF-GF(+)), BMSCs cultured on APB without GF(APB-GF(-)), BMSCs cultured on APB with GF (APB-GF(+)).The cytological behavior such as the proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs in all the above kinds of culture system with or without GF were assessed by morphological observation, flow cytometry, ELASA analysis, qRT-PCR assay and western blot analysis. Results: 4ml/min was the most appropriate flow rate for the dynamic culture of BMSCs. Under culture conditions, BMSCs populations could attach to and proliferate within the APB. APB could promote the proliferation and viability of BMSCs significantly better in dynamic culture with optimal flow rate 4ml/min, when compared to the static culture system. Also, the proliferation rate of BMSCs in the APB groups were significantly increased compared to TCF system. During the pancreatic line cell differentiation process, APB could induce BMSCs into pancreatic-like cells which expressed markers such as pancreatic duodenal homeodomain containing transcription factor (PDX-1) and pancreatic exocrine transcription factor (PTF-1) higher at mRNA levels compared to TCF system. In contrast, the marker Oct4 (octamer-binding transcription factor 4) was expressed at a lower level in APB group. For the pancreatic functional cytoketatins including α-Amylase(α-Amy), cytokeratin 7(CK7), fetal liver kinase-1 (Flk-1),and C-peptide, they were all expressed at higher level in APB group than in the TCF group. And metabolic enzymes secretion such as amylase and insulin were promoted significantly in APB system. By scanning electron microscope(SEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM), the ultrastructure of BMSCs in the APB group could further demonstrated the morphological characteristics of pancreatic-like cells. In addition, in both the dynamic and static system, GF could significantly facilitate the function of proliferation, differentiation and cell engraftment . Conclusion: Together our data show the capacity of APB , 3D pancreatic biomatrix, promoting BMSCs differentiate toward pancreatic line phenotypes, and the considerable potential of using these cells for pancreatic cell therapies and tissue engineering.

Steady Measurement of Glucose Metabolism of Hepatocyte

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Shirakashi ◽  
Tomomi Yoshida ◽  
Christophe Provin ◽  
Kiyoshi Takano ◽  
Yasuyuki Sakai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Glucose Consumption ◽  
Artificial Organ ◽  
Glucose Consumption Rate ◽  
Number Of Cells

Production of hybrid artificial organs for implantation is one of the main topics of tissue engineering. A large organ consisting of soft tissues requires a high cell density, c.a. 108 cells/mL, to satisfy the same physiological metabolic rate per organ-volume as an organ in vivo. Therefore, the supply of oxygen and nutrition to all the cells composing the soft tissue is always critical problem for the in vitro artificial organ production. Energy metabolic rates, such as oxygen and glucose metabolism rate, of single cell at various temperatures are the basic data for designing the oxygen and nutrition transport in an artificial organ. It is reported that several conditions including pH, temperature, oxygen or glucose concentration have effects on energy metabolism, although these interactions are not clearly quantitatively measured mainly because of the problems of measuring systems. In this study, convenient method to measure glucose consumption rate of hepatocyte (HepG2 cell line) at different temperature and glucose concentration is proposed. A device for the measurement was developed which consists of a small closed chamber with an inlet and an outlet of culture medium at the both ends of the chamber. On the one side of the walls in the chamber, confluent HepG2 on a coverslip was installed. Culture medium supplemented with various concentration of glucose was supplied to the open flow chamber in a constant flow rate. The whole chamber was in a thermostatic bath to keep the temperature in the chamber constant. Glucose consumption rate can be calculated by measuring the difference between glucose concentration of inlet culture medium and outlet culture medium, the flow rate and the number of cells in the chamber. Enzymatic analysis using D-Glucose-HK allows quantification of the sample glucose concentration. The advantages of the proposed method include; 1) small number of cells is required for the measurement, c. a. 105cells, 2) the flow pattern and the glucose supply are in steady state. Especially the latter advantage made it possible to evaluate the effects of different conditions on the glucose consumption rate. Since the most of the metabolic rate were measured under unsteady state, conditions, such as pH, oxygen concentration and glucose concentration, were changed sometime drastically during the measurement. The results provided the several parameters of Michaelis-Menten kinetics at various temperatures.

scholarly journals Modification of Conventional Sugar Juice Evaporation Process for Increasing Energy Efficiency and Decreasing Sucrose Inversion Loss

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 765
Author(s):  
Somchart Chantasiriwan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Evaporation Process ◽  
Fuel Consumption Rate ◽  
Process Modification ◽  
Conventional Process ◽  
Cogeneration System ◽  
Main Components

The evaporation process, boiler, and turbine are the main components of the cogeneration system of the sugar factory. In the conventional process, the evaporator requires extracted steam from the turbine, and bled vapor from the evaporator is supplied to the juice heater and the pan stage. The evaporation process may be modified by using extracted steam for the heating duty in the pan stage. This paper is aimed at the investigation of the effects of this process modification. Mathematical models of the conventional and modified processes were developed for this purpose. It was found that, under the conditions that the total evaporator area is 13,000 m2, and the inlet juice flow rate is 125 kg/s, the optimum modified evaporation process requires extracted steam at a pressure of 157.0 kPa. Under the condition that the fuel consumption rate is 21 kg/s, the cogeneration system that uses the optimum modified evaporation process yields 2.3% more power output than the cogeneration system that uses a non-optimum conventional cogeneration process. Furthermore, sugar inversion loss of the optimum modified process is found to be 63% lower than that of the non-optimum conventional process.

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