scholarly journals Incomplete antenatal steroid therapy can enhance outcomes in preterm infants with emergency conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sebnem Calkavur ◽  
Senem Alkan Özdemir ◽  
Ruya Colak ◽  
Ezgi Yangin Ergon ◽  
Ferit Kulali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Steroid Therapy ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Antenatal Steroid ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

<p><strong>Objective</strong>: We aimed to investigate the role of incomplete  of antenatal steroid therapy by comparing with no and complete steroid exposure on mortality and morbidity in preterm infants.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong>This is a prospective,observational study which includes preterm infants of 32 weeks of gestation and/or≤1500 grams who were referred to Izmir Dr.Behçet Uz Children's Hospital NICU during the one year period. Infants were divided into three groups according to the administration of antenatal steroid as those who received incomplete-dose antenatal steroid, complete dose steroid therapy  and those with no steroid exposure. Intubation at delivery room, surfactant requirement,the inotropic requirement in the first 72 hours and morbidities associated with prematurity were determined as the primary results. Mortality and bronchopulmonary dysplasia at discharge and stage ≥2 retinopathy were analyzed as secondary outcomes.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results:</strong> We found that 54 infants were born with a incomplete dose, 55 infants with complete dose and 38 infants with no steroid therapy. Surfactant requirement, ,intubation requirement,inotropic requirement and hsPDA were lower in the steroid  group leading to a statistical difference (p&lt;0.05).Also it was found that mortality and BPD were lower in the single-dose group,leading to a statistical difference (p&lt;0.05).</p><p><strong><em>Conclusion</em></strong><em>:</em>We speculate that even single-dose steroid may reduce mortality by reducing RDS.</p>

scholarly journals Quantification of mortality and morbidity in general population of heavily-industrialized city of Abadan: Effect of long-term exposure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akram Ghorbanian ◽  
Ahmad Jonidi Jafari ◽  
Abbas Shahsavani ◽  
Ali Abdolahnejad ◽  
Majid Kermani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
Vice Chancellor ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

Introduction: In the 21st century, air pollution has become a global and environmental challenge. The increase in cases of illness and mortality due to air pollution is not hidden from anyone. Therefore, in this study, we estimated the mortality rate due to cause by air pollution agents (PM2.5) in the southernmost city of Khuzestan province (Abadan city) at 2018-2019. Materials and methods: To estimate the mortality duo to air pollution, data related to PM2.5 particles daily concentrations was received from the Abadan Environmental Protection Organization. The average 24-h concentrations of PM2.5 were calculated using Excel. Then, mortality data were obtained from the Vice Chancellor for Health, Abadan University of Medical Sciences. Finally, by AirQ+ software, each of the mortality in 2018-2019 in Abadan was estimated. Results: The obtained data indicated that the concentration of PM2.5 particles within the one-year period was higher than the value set by WHO guideline and EPA standard. Which caused the citizens of Abadan to be exposed to PM2.5 more than 8.23 times than the guidelines of the WHO and 5.34 times more than the standard of the EPA. The output of the model used in this study was as follows: natural mortality (462 cases, AP: 38.25%), mortality duo to LC (6 cases, AP: 32.18%), mortality duo to COPD (8 cases, AP: 26.64%), mortality duo to Stroke (86 cases, AP: 71.26%), mortality duo to IHD (183 cases, AP: 68.34%) and mortality duo to ALRI (2 cases, AP: 32.9%). Conclusion: Planning appropriate strategies of air pollution control to reduce exposure and attributable mortalities is important and necessary.

Glucocorticosteroids effects on brain development in the preterm infants: a role for microglia?

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zinni Manuela ◽  
Pansiot Julien ◽  
Elodie Billion ◽  
Baud Olivier ◽  
Mairesse Jérôme
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Impairment ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Abnormal Brain

: Prematurity, observed in 15 million births worldwide each year, is a clinical condition that is a major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in short and long term. Preterm infants are at high risk for developing respiratory problems, sepsis, and other morbidities leading to neurodevelopmental impairment and neurobehavioral disorders. Perinatal glucocorticosteroids have been widely used for the prevention and treatment of adverse outcomes linked to prematurity. However, despite their shortterm benefits due to their maturational properties, some clinical trials have shown an association between steroids exposure and abnormal brain development in infants born preterm. Neuroinflammation has emerged as a preeminent factor for brain injury in preterm infants, and the major role of microglia, the brain resident immune cells, has been recently highlighted. Considering the role of microglia in the modulation of brain development, the aim of this review is to summarize the effects of endogenous and exogenous glucocorticosteroids on brain development and discuss the possible role of microglia as a mediator of these effects.

Sophistication of Chinese Mutual Funds and the Mispricing of Accruals

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajia Fu
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Funds ◽  
Mutual Fund ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Discretionary Accruals ◽  
Institutional Holdings ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
Price Responsiveness

ABSTRACT This study examines the role of mutual funds in the pricing of accruals in China's stock market to evaluate the sophistication of Chinese mutual funds. Using a sample of A-share stocks in China from 2003 to 2011, I find that the mispricing of accruals is concentrated in firms with large mutual fund holdings. This result differs from a number of U.S. studies documenting a positive relation between institutional holdings and stock price efficiency. In an effort to explain this result, I provide evidence that mutual funds in China fixate on earnings and fail to understand the one-year-ahead earnings implication of accruals. Specifically, I find that the persistence of accruals is overpriced in stocks with a high level of mutual fund ownership. The mispricing of accruals in these stocks is largely driven by discretionary accruals and is related to their high stock price responsiveness to earnings. JEL Classifications: M41; G12.

Functional residual capacity and passive compliance measurements after antenatal steroid therapy in preterm infants

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 425-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy McEvoy ◽  
Susan Bowling ◽  
Kathleen Williamson ◽  
Marion Stewart ◽  
Manuel Durand
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Steroid Therapy ◽  
Functional Residual Capacity ◽  
Antenatal Steroid ◽  
Passive Compliance ◽  
Residual Capacity

scholarly journals Costs of hospitalization in preterm infants: impact of antenatal steroid therapy

2016 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Joice Fabiola Meneguel Ogata ◽  
Marcelo Cunio Machado Fonseca ◽  
Milton Harumi Miyoshi ◽  
Maria Fernanda Branco de Almeida ◽  
Ruth Guinsburg
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Steroid Therapy ◽  
Antenatal Steroid

scholarly journals A prospective study of single dose preoperative antibiotic cover in clean elective surgical cases- a single center study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Siddhartha Gowthaman Subramaniyan ◽  
Prabhu Gunasekaran ◽  
Ramanathan Manickam
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Skin Incision ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Single Center Study ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is the third most common nosocomial infections occurring worldwide, thus leading to increasing cost, mortality and morbidity. The main objective was to know the incidence of SSI in clean surgical procedures carried out in the institute of MGMCRI and to determine various pathogens causing SSI.Methods: This was a prospective observational study done on 100 patients in Department of General Surgery in MGMCRI, Puducherry from June 2015 to August 2017 who underwent clean surgical procedure. Preoperatively single done of injection cefazolin 1gm intravenous preparation was given 30 minus before the skin incision and patient were observed and followed up meticulously for the incidence of SSI and to determine the bacterial flora in the event of SSI.Results: In our study a total of 100 patients were included.  In our study a total of three out of 100 patients developed SSI which was around 3%.Out of the 3 patients who had SSI all were a male which is around 4.6% in our study. In relation to the distribution based on the age group more than 50 year of the age are most frequently associated with SSI in our study. The bacterial flora includes staphylococcus aureus which was isolated from one patient and Klebsiella pneumonia isolated from two patients who had surgical site infections.Conclusions: This study concludes that single dose pre-operative antibiotic has advantage in prevention of SSI and it is cost effective for patient. 

scholarly journals PUBLIC ASSESSMENT OF THE PERFORMANCE DPRD’s TANGERANG CITY IN THE PANDEMIC PERIOD OF 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-202
Author(s):  
William Yani WA ◽  
Deddi Fasmadhy Satiadharmanto ◽  
Retnowati WD Tuti
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Quick Response ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Direct Communication ◽  
High Concern ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

The one-year performance of The DPRD's Tangerang City for the 2019-2020 period is Influenced by the Covid-19 Pandemic. The analysis of the performance of The DPRD's Tangerang City is not only seen from the three functions of legislative members such as Legislation, Budget, and Supervision, but also during the Covid-19 Pandemic, performance is seen from the role of The DPRD's Tangerang City in dealing with this Pandemic and the adaptation of new values ​​with technology compared to direct communication. This study was conducted with the aim of understanding and describing the performance of The DPRD's Tangerang City during the 2020 Covid-19 Pandemic and to find out and analyze the efforts made by The DPRD's Tangerang City members in dealing with the 2020 Covid-19 Pandemic. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach, the data collection is done based on interviews and literature study. This study in the finding that the performance of The DPRD's Tangerang City has declined in terms of quality and quantity due to the adapting situation during the Covid-19 Pandemic, but The DPRD's Tangerang City has shown a quick response in dealing with the Covid- 19 Pandemic and shows high concern for the condition of the community.

scholarly journals Optimizing one-dose and two-dose cholera vaccine allocation in outbreak settings: A modeling study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany Leung ◽  
Julia Eaton ◽  
Laura Matrajt
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Optimal Strategies ◽  
Cholera Vaccine ◽  
Outbreak Response ◽  
Oral Cholera Vaccine ◽  
Populated Region ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

Background: A global stockpile of oral cholera vaccine (OCV) was established in 2013 for use in outbreak response and are licensed as two-dose regimens. Vaccine availability, however, remains limited. Previous studies have found that a single dose of OCV may provide substantial protection against cholera. Methods: Using a mathematical model with two age groups paired with optimization algorithms, we determine the optimal vaccination strategy with one and two doses of vaccine to minimize cumulative overall infections, symptomatic infections, and deaths. We explore counterfactual vaccination scenarios in three distinct settings: Maela, the largest refugee camp in Thailand, with high in- and out-migration; N'Djamena, Chad, a densely populated region; and Haiti, where departments are connected by rivers and roads. Results: Over the short term under limited vaccine supply, the optimal strategies for all objectives prioritize one dose to the older age group (over five years old), irrespective of setting and level of vaccination coverage. As more vaccine becomes available, it is optimal to administer a second dose for long-term protection. With enough vaccine to cover the whole population with one dose, the optimal strategies can avert up to 30% to 90% of deaths and 36% to 92% of symptomatic infections across the three settings over one year. The one-dose optimal strategies can avert 1.2 to 1.8 times as many cases and deaths as a two-dose pro-rata strategy. Conclusions: In an outbreak setting, speedy vaccination campaigns with a single dose of OCV may avert more cases and deaths than a two-dose pro-rata campaign under a limited vaccine supply.

Time to get it Right: An Examination of Post-Acquisition Fair Value Adjustments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Kubic
Keyword(s):  
Fair Value ◽  
Information Gathering ◽  
Goodwill Impairment ◽  
Management Incentives ◽  
Business Combination ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Value Measurement ◽  
Measurement Period

I examine the role of preparer information gathering and processing constraints in fair value measurement. Using two business combination samples, I investigate whether acquirers adjust the initial fair value measurements of identifiable assets and liabilities during the one-year measurement period permitted by FASB Statement 141(R). Empirical proxies for preparers' information gathering and processing costs explain variation in the incidence and magnitude of measurement period adjustments (MPAs). I classify abnormally large MPAs that allow firms to exceed the consensus analyst forecast as suspect adjustments. Suspect adjustments exhibit little association with earnings management incentives and no association with future goodwill impairment. Overall, the results suggest that acquirers use the measurement period when there are concerns about the quality or availability of information, consistent with the FASB's intentions.

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