scholarly journals A prospective study of single dose preoperative antibiotic cover in clean elective surgical cases- a single center study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Siddhartha Gowthaman Subramaniyan ◽  
Prabhu Gunasekaran ◽  
Ramanathan Manickam
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Skin Incision ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Single Center Study ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is the third most common nosocomial infections occurring worldwide, thus leading to increasing cost, mortality and morbidity. The main objective was to know the incidence of SSI in clean surgical procedures carried out in the institute of MGMCRI and to determine various pathogens causing SSI.Methods: This was a prospective observational study done on 100 patients in Department of General Surgery in MGMCRI, Puducherry from June 2015 to August 2017 who underwent clean surgical procedure. Preoperatively single done of injection cefazolin 1gm intravenous preparation was given 30 minus before the skin incision and patient were observed and followed up meticulously for the incidence of SSI and to determine the bacterial flora in the event of SSI.Results: In our study a total of 100 patients were included.  In our study a total of three out of 100 patients developed SSI which was around 3%.Out of the 3 patients who had SSI all were a male which is around 4.6% in our study. In relation to the distribution based on the age group more than 50 year of the age are most frequently associated with SSI in our study. The bacterial flora includes staphylococcus aureus which was isolated from one patient and Klebsiella pneumonia isolated from two patients who had surgical site infections.Conclusions: This study concludes that single dose pre-operative antibiotic has advantage in prevention of SSI and it is cost effective for patient. 

scholarly journals A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY ON PREVALENCE OF HYPOTHYROIDISM IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
N. Swathi ◽  
Voleti Vijaya Kumar ◽  
M. Farjana ◽  
M. Vishnu Vardhan ◽  
M. Munendra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Age Limit ◽  
N 93 ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Group Distribution ◽  
Positive Results

Objective: To determine the prevalence of hypothyroidism in a rural population of Nandyal.Methods: A prospective study was conducted in Santhiram medical college and general hospital, Nandyal from July 2017 to December 2017, to study the prevalence of hypothyroidism among the population. Results: In this study, 1000 patients were evaluated for the thyroid functioning, among them n=104(10.4%) showing positive results in hypothyroidism. The positive 104 patients showed that n=63 (60.57%) of the population are in the age limit of 21-40. Out of the same population are n=11 (10.6%) are male and female are n=93 (89.43%). In age group distribution more prevalence was observed in 21-30 y of age group n=36 (34.61%). In this study, sub-clinical hypothyroidism was prevalent in females n=80 (76.92%) than males n=10 (9.61%).Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that hypothyroidism was higher in a female with age group as 21-40 y and there is a significant prevalence of hypothyroidism in the study population.

scholarly journals Incomplete antenatal steroid therapy can enhance outcomes in preterm infants with emergency conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sebnem Calkavur ◽  
Senem Alkan Özdemir ◽  
Ruya Colak ◽  
Ezgi Yangin Ergon ◽  
Ferit Kulali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Steroid Therapy ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Antenatal Steroid ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

<p><strong>Objective</strong>: We aimed to investigate the role of incomplete  of antenatal steroid therapy by comparing with no and complete steroid exposure on mortality and morbidity in preterm infants.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong>This is a prospective,observational study which includes preterm infants of 32 weeks of gestation and/or≤1500 grams who were referred to Izmir Dr.Behçet Uz Children's Hospital NICU during the one year period. Infants were divided into three groups according to the administration of antenatal steroid as those who received incomplete-dose antenatal steroid, complete dose steroid therapy  and those with no steroid exposure. Intubation at delivery room, surfactant requirement,the inotropic requirement in the first 72 hours and morbidities associated with prematurity were determined as the primary results. Mortality and bronchopulmonary dysplasia at discharge and stage ≥2 retinopathy were analyzed as secondary outcomes.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results:</strong> We found that 54 infants were born with a incomplete dose, 55 infants with complete dose and 38 infants with no steroid therapy. Surfactant requirement, ,intubation requirement,inotropic requirement and hsPDA were lower in the steroid  group leading to a statistical difference (p&lt;0.05).Also it was found that mortality and BPD were lower in the single-dose group,leading to a statistical difference (p&lt;0.05).</p><p><strong><em>Conclusion</em></strong><em>:</em>We speculate that even single-dose steroid may reduce mortality by reducing RDS.</p>

scholarly journals Analysis of hearing improvement following fat graft myringoplasty

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Ajay J. Panchal ◽  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
Megha Desai
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Bone Conduction ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fat Graft ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Hearing Improvement ◽  
Patient Variables ◽  
Small Perforation ◽  
A Prospective Study

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Fat graft myringoplasty (FGM) is a procedure with a short learning curve, cost effective, with minimal morbidity in properly selected patients. It is useful to relieve the patient of annoyance caused by a small perforation in terms of ear discharge and hearing loss. The aim was to assess postoperative hearing improvement and investigate influence of factors like age, gender and location of perforation on audiological outcomes.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This study was a prospective study done on 25 patients at a tertiary care hospital who underwent FGM. All patients had small dry central perforation. Air and Bone conduction (AC/BC) thresholds and air-bone gap (ABG) were evaluated both preoperatively and postoperatively.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Mean hearing improvement was 14.4762 dB in &lt;40 yrs age group whereas it was 11.2500 dB in &gt;40 yrs age group. Mean hearing improvement in females was 13.75 dB whereas it was 14.154 dB in males. Mean hearing improvement was 15 dB in posterior, 14.7 dB in inferior and 14.46 dB in anteriorly located perforation.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> FGM is effective in improving postoperative hearing thresholds hence it can be used in small dry central perforations of tympanic membrane in patients irrespective of patient variables such as age, gender, and location of perforation. As no significant statistical difference was observed in terms of gender, location or aetiology of perforation, we consider it a procedure to be recommended across all spectrums of patients.</p>

scholarly journals CERVICAL PAP SMEAR STUDY IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Khushnood ◽  
Priya Vijaykumar Gameti ◽  
Anisha Rajani ◽  
Mala Jain
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Background Mortality

Background: Mortality due to cervical cancer is also an indicator of health inequalities, as 86% of all deaths due to cervical cancer are in developing countries, low- and middle-income countries. Though Pap smear is a routine screening test, the overall sensitivity in detection of high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) is 70 - 80% .Pap smear is a simple, safe, non-invasive and cost effective method for the detection of pre-cancerous, cancerous and benign lesions of cervix. Materials and Method: Around 100 cases attending gynecology OPD consented to participate were selected between age 15-60years with complaints. Pap smear was taken and was reported by cytopathologists according to the 2001 Bethesda system. All the data were manually collected and subsequently analyzed.   Results: Maximum number of cases (37%)were seen in the age group og 31-40 years followed by 41-50 years (29%)and rest between 21-30 years (26%). 8% cases were seen in the age group of 51-60 years. NILM was reported in 48% of cases. Inflammatory smears were seen in 44% of cases. Two smears were reported as unsatisfactory.02% of cases was reported as ASCUS.LSIL was reported in 02% of cases while HSIL were reported in 01% of cases. Non specific findings were reported in 01 case. Conclusion: This study proves that PAP stain is a simple, cheap, inexpensive and easy procedure and that using PAP stain cytological screening programs conducted in developing countries can play a major role in reducing mortality and morbidity due to Cancer Cervix. Keywords: PAP stain, Cervix, Cancer

scholarly journals Correlation of rearfoot angle to Q-angle in patellofemoral pain syndrome: a prospective study

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 688 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.S. Dileep ◽  
Krishna Harish ◽  
Rameez P. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Pearson Product Moment Correlation ◽  
Q Angle ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Varus Angle

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Objective of the study was to evaluate the correlation between rearfoot posture to Q-angle in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a two-year prospective observational study in which all patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome in the age group of 20-30 years were included in the study. The static Q-angle and the rearfoot angles of these subjects were measured and analyzed statistically for their correlation.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> There were sixty patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the study. Pearson product moment correlation showed 27% subjects having rearfoot valgus and 73% having rearfoot varus angle. T test showed statistically significant Q-angle for rearfoot varus compared to rearfoot valgus.</p><p class="western"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Rearfoot varus is more commonly associated with patellofemoral pain syndrome. The Q-angle increases in both rearfoot varus and valgus but is significantly more in patients with rearfoot varus. </p>

scholarly journals A prospective study of prediction of outcomes in perforative peritonitis using apache II scoring system

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 2648
Author(s):  
Rajinder Singh ◽  
Harprit Kaur Madan ◽  
Sandeep H. Tayade
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Apache Ii ◽  
Apache Ii Score ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Perforative Peritonitis ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: To predict the risk of mortality and morbidity in patients with perforative peritonitis using APACHE II scoring system. To evaluate the usefulness of APACHE II scoring system as a potential clinical and research tool which could be included as routine part of patient assessment in institution like ours.Methods: This was a prospective, observational study of prediction of outcomes in 80 patients of perforative peritonitis using APACHE II scoring system, conducted during the period of 2 years at our tertiary care institute.Results: Predicted death rate of the study was 17.31% and observed death rate was 25%. However, when observed and predicted death rates were compared in group of patients with APACHE II score of <10, it was over estimating the mortality. In group of patients with APACHE II score 11-20 and >20 it was underestimating the mortality. About 71.2% patients came under APACHE II score <10 with mortality of 3.5%. 23.7% came under group of patients with APACHE II score of 11-20 with mortality of 73.6% and only 5% patients had score >20 with 100% mortality were seen amongst them.Conclusions: In the present study, APACHE II scoring system was found to be accurate predictor of group outcome and can be effectively used in prediction of group outcome in similar population, but does not give sufficient confidence for outcome in an individual patient.

scholarly journals A prospective observational study of breech pregnancy in a tertiary care centre

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 688
Author(s):  
Somika Kaul ◽  
Bijal D. Rami
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Breech Presentation ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽  
Labour Room ◽  
Case Basis

Background: Breech presentation is the commonest of all mal presentations. Vaginal delivery of breech presentation at term is associated with a much higher perinatal mortality and morbidity than that of vertex presentation.Methods: This prospective study was carried out in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, S. S. G. Hospital, Baroda for a period of six months from 1st May 2019 to 31st October 2019. Out of a total number of 4476 deliveries, 159 were breech pregnancy. It included all the women admitted in labour room or ward who delivered with clinical or ultrasound diagnosis of breech presentation after 20 weeks of gestation.Results: In the present study incidence of breech pregnancy was 3.6%. Authors observed the highest incidence of breech pregnancy in the age group of 20 to 25 years. Maximum (62.9%) cases delivered after 37 weeks of gestation. In our study 62.3% cases were primigravida and 37.7% were multigravida. Majority of cases (77.4%) delivered by caesarean section. Among all the babies born 50.6% were having birth weight of less than 2.5 kg.Conclusions: Authors need to study and analyse all cases of breech pregnancy individually to decide the management and mode of delivery depending on cases to case basis and expertise of the staff available. Delivery of breech foetus should be conducted by experience obstetrician after appropriate consent from pregnant women and her relatives.

scholarly journals A prospective study of the lumps in the right hypochondrium

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 757
Author(s):  
Sudhir R. Jayakar ◽  
Prashant V. Male ◽  
Maitreyee M. Save ◽  
Varun S. Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Gall Bladder Carcinoma ◽  
The Right ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: The abdominal cavity can harbour a varied spectrum of diseases. Abdominal lumps are one of the commonest disorders in this region. The clinical presentation, diagnosis, minimal investigations and optimum treatment of the lumps in the right hypochondrium were studied in detail in present study.Methods: The prospective observational study was carried out for 24 months. 60 consecutive patients who satisfied the inclusion criteria were taken up for the study. Calculation and analysis of data was done by using MS Excel.Results: The lumps in the right hypochondrium were most common in the 31-40 years age group in the present study. Majority of the lumps were found to be intraperitoneal (65%), of which 45% were neoplastic in nature. 68.3% as compared to 31.7% of lumps had an organ of origin which was not anatomically situated in the right hypochondrium viz. from right kidney and right adrenal. Hepatic lumps were found to be the commonest (35%), of which 14.3% were malignant tumors. Gall bladder carcinoma was more common in 40-60 years with female preponderance. Only 26.7% patients presented with the complaint of lump in abdomen. The commonest complaint was pain in the abdomen followed by vomiting. In 88.3% cases surgery was undertaken for curative or palliative purposes.Conclusions: Of all the lumps in the right hypochondrium, intraperitoneal lumps were more common with abdominal pain as commonest presenting symptom. The commonest lumps were found to be hepatic lumps. Incidence of Neoplastic masses was more than infections and infestations.

scholarly journals Study of rifampicin resistance among newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a prospective observational study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 2035
Author(s):  
Vipul Kumar ◽  
Jyoti Yadav ◽  
Aparna Parmar ◽  
Ritu Aggarwal ◽  
K. B. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Rifampicin Resistance ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Rifampicin (RIF) resistance in new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis is a matter of concern. Diabetes Mellitus triples the risk of developing tuberculosis. Early detection of TB and its resistance status in diabetics can help in improving the care and treatment outcomes of both diseases.Methods: It was a prospective study conducted from February 2019 to March 2020 in PGIMS, Rohtak on 50 patients of DM with newly diagnosed Pulmonary TB. Rifampicin resistance was detected by CBNAAT on sputum, induced sputum and BAL samples. Results: Mean age of study subjects was 51.24±10.421 (in years) with M: F ratio of 3:1 and maximum patients in 50-59 age group. The average BMI in patients was 22.49±2.42 kg/m2. The most common presenting complaint was cough (92%) followed by fever (68%). Mean serum HBA1c was 9.66±2.24 and mean FBS and PPBS was 195.81±59.08 and 302.02±99.01 mg/dl respectively. Out of 36 cases who gave sputum, 29 (80.55%) were detected rifampicin sensitive and 7 (19.44%) were rifampicin resistant whereas out of 11 who were induced, 9 (81.8%) were rifampicin sensitive and 2(18.18%) were rifampicin resistant. Out of 3 cases detected by BAL CBNAAT, 2 (66.6%) were rifampicin sensitive and 1 (33.33%) was rifampicin resistant. Overall, 10(20%) patients were detected Rifampicin resistant by CBNAAT.Conclusions: We found that TB-DM patients had a higher proportion of drug resistance (20%), so DM should be considered as an independent risk factor for MDR-TB and effective measures are required for early diagnosis of MDR-TB.

scholarly journals A CLINICAL STUDY OF RISK FACTORS AND MATERNAL OUTCOME IN INTRA-UTERINE FETAL DEATH

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anubha Manu Prasad ◽  
. Manju Agrawal ◽  
Ankit Laddha
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Fetal Death ◽  
Chronic Hypertension ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽  
Maternal Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Timely Referral

Background: The objective of the present study was to examine the etiological factors, both maternal and fetal, that caused IUFD. Methods: It was a hospital based prospective observational study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Jhalawar Medical College from January 2020 to December 2020. 120 cases of IUFD of ?24 weeks of gestation or foetuses weighing ?500 gramswere included in the study. Results: The incidence of IUFD was 37.8/1000 total birth. IUFD occurredmainly in 25-35yrs age group (55%), unbooked cases (70%),multigravida (59.2%), preterm (<37 weeks of gestation). The risk factors were PIH (49.2%), infections (9.2%), hypothyroidism (5%), Rh negative with hydrops fetalis (5%),GDM (4.2%), chronic hypertension (2.5%), previous H/O LBW (2.5%), H/O prior stillbirth (5%), hyperthyroidism (1.7%), oligohydramnios (46.7%), APH (20.8%) and congenital fetal anomalies (19.2%). Conclusion: IUFD rate still remains high. Therefore, regular ANC check up and early identification of risk factors like PIH, anaemia, infections, genetic counselling and timely referral to well equipped centre may help prevent IUFD and maternal mortality and morbidity. Keywords: IUFD, ANC, Preterm

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