scholarly journals Aspekty leczenia pacjentów w starszym wieku z rozpoznaniem glejaka wielopostaciowego. Aspects of treatment of elderly patients with diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme.

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 88-94
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Adam Galuba

Glejak wielopostaciowy (glioblastoma multiforme, GBM) należy do najbardziej złośliwych nowotworów pierwotnych mózgu. Charakterystyczną cechą GBM jest jego naciekający wzrost, zdolność komórek do szerzenia się wzdłuż dróg nerwowych istoty białej oraz możliwość inwazji przeciwnej półkuli mózgu. Agresywna natura glejaka wielopostaciowego sprawia, że u nieleczonych pacjentów przeżycia wynoszą jedynie 3 - 6 miesięcy od rozpoznania choroby. Po 65 roku życia odnotowuje się gwałtowny wzrost przypadków glejaka wielopostaciowego. Obecnie na świecie około połowa pacjentów z tym nowotworem ma więcej niż 65 lat. Biorąc pod uwagę starzenie się społeczeństwa oblicza się, że coraz bardziej rosnąć będzie liczba nowo stwierdzanych przypadków GBM u pacjentów w podeszłym wieku, a problem odpowiedniego podejścia terapeutycznego do tej szczególnej grupy chorych będzie coraz istotniejszy. Przez wiele lat klinicyści odnosili się z niechęcią do wdrażania u osób starszych metod leczenia z powodzeniem stosowanych u młodych pacjentów. Tak więc poprzez samo kierowanie się wiekiem terapia starszych chorych z GBM była często suboptymalna. Tymczasem zmiana w podejściu do leczenia pacjentów w starszym wieku udowodniła, że najważniejszym czynnikiem branym pod uwagę przed rozpoczęciem leczenia powinien być stan ogólny chorego oceniony według powszechnie uznawanych skal (np. skali sprawności  Karnofsky’ego). Wiele badań klinicznych potwierdziło, że zastosowanie technik operacyjnych, metod radioterapii i chemioterapii z temozolomidem przynosi również istotny zysk starszym pacjentom (wydłuża przeżycia całkowite, poprawia jakość życia), w tym nawet chorym po 80 roku życia. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most malignant primary brain tumour.There is a rapid increase in the number of glioblastoma multiforme cases found in patients older than 65 years old. Currently about half of patients with this cancer are more than 65 years old. Taking into account the aging of the population it is calculated that the number of newly diagnosed GBM cases in older patients will grow more and more and the problem of an appropriate therapeutic approach to this specific group of patients will become more and more important. For many years clinicians were reluctant to implement in older patients methods of treatment successfully used in young patients. Thus by taking into consideration only the age the therapy of older patients with GBM was often suboptimal. Meanwhile, a change in the approach to the treatment of elders  proved that the most important factor taken into account before starting treatment should be the general condition of the patient assessed according to commonly accepted scales (eg Karnofsky score). Many clinical trials have confirmed that the use of surgical techniques, radiotherapy methods and chemotherapy with temozolomide brings significant benefits to older patients (prolongs overall survival, improves quality of life), including those over 80 years old. Słowa kluczowe: glejak wielopostaciowy, starość, radioterapia, chirurgia, temozolomid Key words: glioblastoma multiforme, elderly, radiotherapy, surgery, temozolomide.

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
Mark Albertovich Volodin ◽  
Maya Andreevna Kuzmina ◽  
Daria Dmitrievna Vasina ◽  
Evgeny Nikolaevich Bolgov ◽  
Vladimir Aleksandrovich Perchatkin

The article presented an overview of literary sources, which include a description of various surgical techniques for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia in different historical periods. The assessment of the disadvantages and advantages of various surgical methods for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia has been made. Modification and improvement of surgical interventions, changes in methods and approaches to surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia made the surgeon’s work more accessible and of high quality. The development of surgical methods of treatment has made it possible to increase the efficiency of surgical interventions, which, in turn, has a positive effect on the quality of life of urological patients.


2021 ◽  
pp. neurintsurg-2021-017991
Author(s):  
Milani Deb-Chatterji ◽  
João Pinho ◽  
Fabian Flottmann ◽  
Lukas Meyer ◽  
Gabriel Broocks ◽  
...  

BackgroundInformation is lacking on self-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL) as a complementary outcome measure in addition to the modified Rankin scale (mRS) in young patients with ischemic stroke after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) compared with older patients.MethodsData on consecutive patients with stroke who underwent thrombectomy (June 2015–2019) from a multicenter prospective registry (German Stroke Registry) were analyzed. HRQoL was measured by the European QoL-5 dimension questionnaire utility index (EQ-5D-I; higher values indicate better HRQoL) 3 months after stroke in patients aged ≤55 and >55 years. Multivariate regression analyses identified predictors of better HRQoL.ResultsOf 4561 included patients, 526 (11.5%) were ≤55 years old. Young-onset patients had a better outcome assessed by mRS (mRS 0–2: 64.3% vs 31.8%, p<0.001) and EQ-5D-I (mean 0.639 vs 0.342, p<0.001). Young survivors after EVT had fewer complaints in the EQ-5D domains mobility (p<0.001), self-care (p<0.001), usual activities (p<0.001) and pain/discomfort (p=0.008), whereas no difference was observed in anxiety/depression (p=0.819). Adjusted regression analysis for 90-day mRS showed no difference in HRQoL between the two subgroups of patients. Lower age, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score and pre-stroke mRS, a higher Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score, concomitant intravenous thrombolysis therapy and successful recanalization were associated with better HRQoL in both patient subgroups.ConclusionsYoung-onset stroke patients have a better HRQoL after EVT than older patients. Their higher HRQoL is mainly explained by less physical disability assessed by mRS. Depressive symptoms should be actively assessed and targeted in rehabilitation therapies of young-onset stroke patients to improve quality of life after stroke.


2018 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
Timothy Brown ◽  
Anthony Miniaci ◽  
Robert Westermann ◽  
Molly Day

AbstractPain and debilitating symptoms due to hip osteoarthritis (OA) can significantly compromise quality of life in young, active patients. The management of the young adult with hip OA presents a unique set of challenges, with symptoms that originate from a variety of underlying hip pathologies, and patient age spanning from youth through middle age. Early options for hip OA include nonoperative treatment with anti-inflammatory medications, physical therapy, and injections. For patients with structural hip abnormalities (femoroacetabular impingement or dysplasia), arthroscopy or reconstructive osteotomy are acceptable treatment options. In advanced disease, joint-preserving techniques are often ineffective, and patients may require joint resurfacing or replacement. The treatment strategies for early hip OA continues to evolve with the development of new and refined surgical techniques, especially in the setting of underlying hip pathology, and a growing popularity of utilizing biologic agents. The purpose of this manuscript is to review current conservative and surgical management and to describe an algorithm for treatment of early-onset hip OA.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Christine E. Mc Carthy

Sleep complaints can be both common and complex in the older patient. Their consideration is an important aspect of holistic care, and may have an impact on quality of life, mortality, falls and disease risk. Sleep assessment should form part of the comprehensive geriatric assessment. If sleep disturbance is brought to light, consideration of sleep disorders, co-morbidity and medication management should form part of a multifaceted approach. Appreciation of the bi-directional relationship and complex interplay between co-morbidity and sleep in older patients is an important element of patient care. This article provides a brief overview of sleep disturbance and sleep disorders in older patients, in addition to their association with specific co-morbidities including depression, heart failure, respiratory disorders, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, nocturia, pain, Parkinson’s disease, dementia, polypharmacy and falls. A potential systematic multidomain approach to assessment and management is outlined, with an emphasis on non-pharmacological treatment where possible.


Author(s):  
Wouter R Verberne ◽  
Iris D van den Wittenboer ◽  
Carlijn G N Voorend ◽  
Alferso C Abrahams ◽  
Marjolijn van Buren ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Non-dialytic conservative care (CC) has been proposed as a viable alternative to maintenance dialysis for selected older patients to treat end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). This systematic review compares both treatment pathways on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and symptoms, which are major outcomes for patients and clinicians when deciding on preferred treatment. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) Plus and PsycINFO from inception to 1 October 2019 for studies comparing patient-reported HRQoL outcomes or symptoms between patients who chose either CC or dialysis for ESKD. Results Eleven observational cohort studies were identified comprising 1718 patients overall. There were no randomized controlled trials. Studies were susceptible to selection bias and confounding. In most studies, patients who chose CC were older and had more comorbidities and worse functional status than patients who chose dialysis. Results were broadly consistent across studies, despite considerable clinical and methodological heterogeneity. Patient-reported physical health outcomes and symptoms appeared to be worse in patients who chose CC compared with patients who chose dialysis but had not yet started, but similar compared with patients on dialysis. Mental health outcomes were similar between patients who chose CC or dialysis, including before and after dialysis start. In patients who chose dialysis, the burden of kidney disease and impact on daily life increased after dialysis start. Conclusions The available data, while heterogeneous, suggest that in selected older patients, CC has the potential to achieve similar HRQoL and symptoms compared with a dialysis pathway. High-quality prospective studies are needed to confirm these provisional findings.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document