Water Treatment and Pathogen Control: Process Efficiency in Achieving Safe Drinking-water

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark W LeChevallier
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Pathogen Control

scholarly journals Framework conditions to design sustainable business models for decentralised water treatment technologies in Viet Nam for international technology providers

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Fritz ◽  
Claudia Hohmann ◽  
Felix Tettenborn
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Framework Conditions

Abstract The expansion of water-intensive industrial activities and the impacts of climate change are jeopardising the sufficiency of safe drinking water in several Southeast Asian countries. One is Viet Nam, where geogenic arsenic contamination further limits the availability of freshwater resources with a simultaneous increase in water demand. Innovative and sustainable water treatment technologies are required to meet these challenges. Equally, we assume that the provision of safe drinking water requires tailored business models (BMs). In this study, we focus on the key stakeholders and framework conditions to design tailored BMs providing safe drinking water to the low-income and middle-income population in Viet Nam. We consider decentralised technologies to be suitable due to their lower investment costs for implementation and the avoidance of strong path dependencies. We therefore conducted a literature review and interviews with international experts in the domain of decentralised water treatment technologies. Our results show that relevant aspects include a lack of financial resources, specific characteristics associated with Vietnamese culture, e.g. the importance of relationships and trust in the business domain, lack of education and vocational training, market saturation suggesting co-operation with existing water suppliers, lack of suitable partners, and deficiencies in the institutional environment.

scholarly journals Universal WASH coverage; what it takes for fragile states. Case of Jariban district in Somalia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0247417
Author(s):  
Wonder Mafuta ◽  
Jethro Zuwarimwe ◽  
Marizvikuru Mwale
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Fragile States ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Point Of Use

The paper assessed access to WASH service in the Jariban district of Somalia. One hundred and sixty-seven households were sampled to administer a questionnaire. Central tendency and logistical regression were used to analyse the data in SPSS 26. The findings show that access to safe drinking water sources is 57.5%. Of the 42.5% of respondents who did not access safe drinking water source, only 10.8% confirmed that they treat drinking water at the point of use. The main reason for household water treatment was the positive mindset (.272) of the household head towards water treatment. The majority (80.2%) of the respondents access approximately 13 litres per person per day. Woman-headed households were more likely to treat water before drinking than male-headed households. Only 26.9% of the respondents accessed basic sanitation. Of the respondents, 55.7% did not share latrines, while 44.3% share resulting in open defecation. WASH access in the study area remains low, resulting in health-related risks, including diarrhoeal disease. The limitation is that the paper only focused on access to WASH facilities in fragile contexts. A cross-sectional analysis of biological, physical and chemical properties of water at the source and point of use is recommended for further research.

scholarly journals Drinking-Water Supply for CKDu Affected Areas of Sri Lanka, Using Nanofiltration Membrane Technology: From Laboratory to Practice

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Titus Cooray ◽  
Yuansong Wei ◽  
Junya Zhang ◽  
Libing Zheng ◽  
Hui Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Membrane Technology ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

Installation of decentralized water-treatment plants is an ideal option to supply safe drinking water for rural communities. Presently in Sri Lanka, over 3.6 million villagers face acute water-quality problems, and chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) is also prevalent among this community. Most of the drinking water in these villages is unpalatable due to high hardness and salinity. As an interim measure, reverse-osmosis (RO) water-treatment plants are introduced to provide safe water. However, due to deficient electrolytes, RO-treated water tastes unpleasant to some consumers; hence, people refuse it after prolonged use. The operation, maintenance, and management of RO plants are other major problems. Aimed at providing safe drinking water to the rural sector in a cost-effective manner, in this study, we fabricated an automated drinking-water purification system based on nanofiltration (NF) membrane technology, which can remove divalent cations, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and pathogens efficiently, and monovalent ions partially, and thus keep electrolytes to some degree. Ten commercial NF membranes were tested in a laboratory, for solute and DOC removal efficiency and robustness. The DF-90 membrane showed the highest removal of DOC and hardness, and it was therefore selected, to design a pilot NF drinking-water treatment plant. The adhered DOC by the membrane can be cleaned by NaOH solution (pH = 12). The pilot NF drinking-water treatment plant has been in use since September 2018, and it shows excellent performance of removing DOC, TDS, hardness, fluoride, and pathogens in groundwater, and the permeate water of the NF plant has been well-accepted by the stakeholders of the society. The dominant genus of source water, and throughout the two processes (NF and RO), is Pseudomonas, and their difference is significant in the concentrates of the NF and RO processes.

scholarly journals Program Safe Drinking Water Treatment Wahana Visi Indonesia Kabupaten Sintang

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-115
Author(s):  
Margaretta Siregar ◽  
Nelly Wedyawati
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Safe Drinking Water

Program Safe drinking water treatment adalah program yang dilakukan wahana Visi Indonesia kantor operasional melawi sintang melalui peningkatan pamahaman masyarakat tentang pengolahan air minum rumah tangga. Tujuan program adalah menurunkan angka penyakit yang disebabkan oleh air seperti diare, meningkatkan akses air bersih dan meningkatkan pamahaman masyarakat tentang sanitasi dan kebersihan. Kegiatan program di lakukan di 4 kecamatan yaitu Kecamatan tempunak, sepauk, kelam permai dan tebelian kabupaten Sintang.Adapun durasi program dilakukan sepanjang 1 agustus 2018 sampai dengan 31 agustus 2019. Sebanyak 2.342.400 PnG packet purifier didistribusikan dan berdampak kepada 43.410 orang dan 2.908 KK, 84 orang kader masyarakat mendapat peningkatan kapasitas terkait pengelolaan Air Minum rumah tangga, 43 KK di Dusun Pulau Bersatu Desa Jaya Mentari Kecamatan Tempunak hulu mendapat peningkatan akses terhadap air bersih, 357 anak mendapat peningkatan sarana sanitasi di sekolah serta sebanyak 1.357 anak mendapat pengetahuan tentang cuci tangan pakai sabun di sekolah.Dengan program ini maka diharapkan masyarakat semakin memahami pentingnya menerapkan prilaku hidup bersih sehat dengan mengelola sanitasi khususnya pilar 1, 2 dan 3 Sanitasi total berbasis masyarakat untuk tidak Buang air besar sembarangan, cuci tangan pakai sabun dan pengelolaan air minum rumah tangga.

scholarly journals Solar-assisted membrane technology for water purification: a review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsegahun Mekonnen Zewdie ◽  
Nigus Gabbiye Habtu ◽  
Abhishek Dutta ◽  
Bart Van der Bruggen
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Clean Drinking Water ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract A shortage of safe drinking water is one of the leading problems in the world. Even in developed countries where water treatment systems are present, safe drinking water may not be always available due to the limitations of advanced water treatment techniques and high energy costs. On the other hand, many rural communities in Asia and Africa situated in semi-arid to arid regions are without reliable access to clean drinking water. It is, therefore, important to explore how solar energy can be linked to water treatment systems for clean drinking water production. Membrane-based water purification technologies play a major role in water purification by utilization of low-cost heat sources to make the process economically and technically viable for small, medium, and large-scale applications. Solar energy can be a viable source of power for water purification facilities in the coming years. Photovoltaic panels and solar thermal collectors are appropriate solar energy collectors for making a solar-powered water treatment system. Solar-assisted membrane-based water purification techniques could have a viable solution to the existing problems in semi-arid and arid regions. Due to the high quality of potable water demand, studies have been carried out on solar-assisted membrane-based technologies in water purification. This review considers basic concepts, specific energy consumption, water production cost, and applications of solar-driven membrane-based water purification technologies such as reverse osmosis, forward osmosis, electrodialysis, membrane distillation, and hybrid membrane systems. This review will allow the researchers to have a wider overview of the effort made by several investigators in the area of solar-assisted membrane-based water purification technology.

Impacts of Substituting Aluminum-Based Coagulants in Drinking Water Treatment

2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Niquette ◽  
Frédéric Monette ◽  
Abdelkrim Azzouz ◽  
Robert Hausler
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Industrial Utilization ◽  
Iron Based ◽  
Lanthanide Salts ◽  
Social And Environmental Impacts

Abstract Aluminum-based coagulants in drinking water treatment are widely used across Canada. According to the literature, the presence of aluminum in drinking water poses possible risks to humans. Preliminary studies investigating the use of alternative coagulating agents such as iron-based coagulants, lanthanide salts and organic coagulants have already revealed that their implementation is possible, but require further studies concerning their technical, economical, social and environmental impacts. The identified alternative coagulants need on-site studies, operator formation and/or further research and development for their industrial utilization and the production of safe drinking water.

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