scholarly journals Solar-assisted membrane technology for water purification: a review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsegahun Mekonnen Zewdie ◽  
Nigus Gabbiye Habtu ◽  
Abhishek Dutta ◽  
Bart Van der Bruggen
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Clean Drinking Water ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract A shortage of safe drinking water is one of the leading problems in the world. Even in developed countries where water treatment systems are present, safe drinking water may not be always available due to the limitations of advanced water treatment techniques and high energy costs. On the other hand, many rural communities in Asia and Africa situated in semi-arid to arid regions are without reliable access to clean drinking water. It is, therefore, important to explore how solar energy can be linked to water treatment systems for clean drinking water production. Membrane-based water purification technologies play a major role in water purification by utilization of low-cost heat sources to make the process economically and technically viable for small, medium, and large-scale applications. Solar energy can be a viable source of power for water purification facilities in the coming years. Photovoltaic panels and solar thermal collectors are appropriate solar energy collectors for making a solar-powered water treatment system. Solar-assisted membrane-based water purification techniques could have a viable solution to the existing problems in semi-arid and arid regions. Due to the high quality of potable water demand, studies have been carried out on solar-assisted membrane-based technologies in water purification. This review considers basic concepts, specific energy consumption, water production cost, and applications of solar-driven membrane-based water purification technologies such as reverse osmosis, forward osmosis, electrodialysis, membrane distillation, and hybrid membrane systems. This review will allow the researchers to have a wider overview of the effort made by several investigators in the area of solar-assisted membrane-based water purification technology.

Bio-inspired vertically aligned polyaniline nanofiber layers enabling extremely high-efficiency solar membrane distillation for water purification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yubing Peng ◽  
Yunjie Wang ◽  
Wenwei Li ◽  
Jian Jin
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Water Efficiency ◽  
Microfiltration Membrane ◽  
Vertically Aligned ◽  
Polyaniline Nanofiber

A bio-inspired PANI nanofiber layer was fabricated on the surface of a hydrophobic PVDF microfiltration membrane for solar-driven distillation. This membrane possesses high solar energy-to-collected water efficiency for freshwater production under one sun irradiation.

Dissolved air flotation in drinking water production

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Schofield
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Dissolved Air Flotation ◽  
Drinking Water Production ◽  
Air Flotation ◽  
Potable Water Treatment ◽  
Dissolved Air

Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) has become increasingly important in the field of potable water treatment, as a preferred option for treating upland and stored lowland waters. This paper outlines the development of dissolved air flotation (DAF) in potable water treatment, the benefits and disadvantages and the recent advances that has taken the process technology from an art to a science.

scholarly journals Nanomaterials Based Drinking Water Purification: Comparative Study with a Conventional Water Purification Process

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barış Şimşek ◽  
İnci Sevgili ◽  
Özge Bildi Ceran ◽  
Haluk Korucu ◽  
Osman Nuri Şara
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Solid Liquid

One of the ways of fully securing the presence of fresh water is water treatment process. Nanomaterials and nanotechnology offers an innovative solution for water treatment. In this study, physical, chemical and microbiological improvement rates of raw water were analyzed after filtration with graphene oxide. Graphene oxide's water treatment performance; silver nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles & graphene oxide composites that are commonly used in water treatment were compared with a traditional treatment method. When compared to the traditional method, there were improvements of 50 %, 40.7 %, 86.8 % and 45.5 % for color, TIC, TOC and hardness properties, respectively in water treatment by GO-based filtration with solid liquid ratio of 0.7 % (v/v). In water treatment with GO-Ag based filtration, 39.8 %, 69.8 %, 10.3 % and 28.6 % of improvements were obtained for TIC, TOC, hardness and LSI value compared to the conventional method. Both GO at 0.7 % (v/v) solid-liquid ratio and GO-Ag nanocomposites were successful in the number of total viable microorganisms and inhibiting microorganisms such as Escherichia coli fecal (gaita-infected), Salmonella typhi, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomona aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Among the studied parameters GO-Ag nanocomposites found to be the most suitable for drinking water treatment.

Investigating the possible measure to protect groundwater from polluted streams in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions: the Eastern Nile Delta case study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Abd-Elaty ◽  
Martina Zelenakova ◽  
Salvatore Straface ◽  
Zuzana Vranayová ◽  
Mohamed Abu-hashim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Nile Delta ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Deep Aquifer ◽  
Lower Permeability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Semi Arid

<p>Groundwater is the main source of drinking water in the Nile Delta. Unfortunately, it might be polluted by seepage from polluted streams. This study was carried out to investigate the possible measures  to  protect groundwater  in the Nile delta aquifer using a numerical model (MT3DMS - Mass Transport 3-Dimension Multi-Species). The sources of groundwater contamination were identified and the total dissolved solids (TDS) was taken as an indicator for the contamination. Different strategies were investigated for mitigating the impact of polluted water: i) allocating polluted drains and canals in lower permeability layers; ii)  installing cut-off walls in the polluted drains, and finally, iii) using lining materials in polluted drains and canals. Results indicated these measures effective to mitigate the groundwater pollution. In particular, the cut-off wall was effective for contamination reduction in shallow aquifers, whereas it had no effect in the deep aquifer, while lining materials in polluted drains and canals were able to prevent contamination and to protect the freshwater in the aquifers.  It is worth mentioning that this study was partially supported by a bilateral project between ASRT (Egypt) and CNR (Italy).</p><p> </p><p> </p>

Access to Safe Drinking Water

2020 ◽  
pp. 1544-1558
Author(s):  
Robert Cecil Willems ◽  
Steve A. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Water System ◽  
Vested Interest ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Majority World ◽  
The People

The focus of this chapter is to demonstrate that providing safe drinking water to communities in Majority World countries, specifically Kenya, Africa, is easily accomplished. Any water system, in order to be successfully constructed in impoverished Majority World communities, must be simple and inexpensive and the benefiting community must have a vested interest and ownership for the system to be effective. Establishing a vested interest by water recipients requires that the people providing the water purification technology understand the culture and worldview of the water system recipients. This approach is supported by literature review but more so by empirical evidence gathered by both authors.

Portable solar desalination system using membrane distillation

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Al-Zahrani ◽  
F. H. Choo ◽  
F. L. Tan ◽  
M. Prabu
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Frame Size ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Solar Desalination ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Solar Thermal Collectors ◽  
Portable System

This paper presents the development of a portable solar desalination system using membrane distillation (MD) for processing seawater for drinking in remote areas and for emergency situations such as natural disasters. The portable system uses the vacuum MD to desalinate the seawater. Solar energy is being harvested to provide the energy input for the MD. The portable system should be scalable so that numerous systems can be deployed in case of emergency. The system is self-contained and draws all its energy needs from solar energy. A combination of solar PV and solar thermal collectors are being exploited to harness the energy from the sun to power the portable system. The development work focuses on the engineering design of the MD system to optimize the water production within a given frame size for portability and energy availability. The challenge lies in the engineering of an efficient self-contained system that is reliable and ease of maintenance that will provide drinking water for all where clean drinking water is not readily available.

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