Pilot-scale assessment of the impacts of transient particulate water quality events on the UV disinfection of indigenous total coliform bacteria in drinking water treatment

Abstract Safe water storage is critical to preserve water quality, especially when intermittent piped drinking water supply creates a need for household storage. This study characterized household storage practices and stored water quality in 94 households (N = 94) among four peri-urban neighborhoods in Arraiján, Panama with varying degrees of supply intermittency. We found that 18 (19.1%) households stored drinking water in unsafe containers. Forty-four (47%) samples of household stored drinking water had residual chlorine levels <0.2 mg/L. While 33 (35.1%) samples were positive for total coliform bacteria, only 23 (24.4%) had >10 most probable number (MPN)/100 mL total coliform bacteria. Eight (44%) samples were positive for Escherichia coli, whereas only one (1.3%) sample from the safe containers was positive. Twenty-nine (30.9%) samples had >500 MPN/mL heterotrophic plate count bacteria. These findings suggest that longer supply interruptions were associated with longer storage times and lower chlorine residual, which were associated with higher concentrations of indicator bacteria. This is one of the first studies in the Central-American region to show an association between the lack of turnover (replacement with fresh water) and greater contamination during household water storage. Thus, when drinking water supply is not completely continuous and household storage is required, decreasing the time between supply periods can facilitate safer water storage. Public awareness and education are also recommended to increase hygiene practices during water collection and storage.

Download Full-text

Modifications of unit processes for finished water quality improvement at the Kueui water treatment plant in Seoul

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2002.0169 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 2 (5-6) ◽

pp. 193-199

Author(s):

M.J. Yu ◽

H.M. Cho ◽

J.Y. Koo ◽

I.S. Han ◽

E.M. Gwon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Drinking Water Treatment ◽

Water Treatment Plant ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Sand Filters ◽

Water Treatment Plants ◽

Sedimentation Basins

Recently, Seoul city has tried to modify and upgrade the existing facilities and utilities and to improve the established water treatment plants, instead of application of a new treatment process. These efforts have finally lowered the turbidity of finished water below 0.1NTU. Small lab-scale and pilot-scale experiments have been conducted and they have provided optimum parameters for the design and operation of drinking water treatment plants. In addition, quantitative and/or trace analysis technologies developed for monitoring water quality of effluent from unit processes and automization of facilities, have contributed to the improvement of turbidity in drinking water. The Kueui water treatment plant, one of the drinking water treatment plants in Seoul, produces finished water with 0.08 NTU. It results from the operators' continuous endeavor to lower the turbidity in a scale of 0.01 NTU. The data for 12 months indicated that turbidity of settled water was less than 1.16 NTU and that of filtered water was less than 0.12 NTU for 95% of the period. Sedimentation basins and sand filters satisfy the recommended turbidity criteria, 2 NTU and 0.3 NTU, respectively. Also Kueui water treatment plant has focused on the control of organic matters to decrease in DBPs and on the removal of microorganisms.

Download Full-text

Natural organic matter removal by ion exchange at different positions in the drinking water treatment lane

Drinking Water Engineering and Science ◽

10.5194/dwes-6-1-2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

A. Grefte ◽

M. Dignum ◽

E. R. Cornelissen ◽

L. C. Rietveld

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Natural Organic Matter ◽

Drinking Water Treatment ◽

Biological Stability ◽

Sand Filtration ◽

Slow Sand Filtration

Abstract. To guarantee a good water quality at the customers tap, natural organic matter (NOM) should be (partly) removed during drinking water treatment. The objective of this research was to improve the biological stability of the produced water by incorporating anion exchange (IEX) for NOM removal. Different placement positions of IEX in the treatment lane (IEX positioned before coagulation, before ozonation or after slow sand filtration) and two IEX configurations (MIEX® and fluidized IEX (FIX)) were compared on water quality as well as costs. For this purpose the pre-treatment plant at Loenderveen and production plant Weesperkarspel of Waternet were used as a case study. Both, MIEX® and FIX were able to remove NOM (mainly the HS fraction) to a high extent. NOM removal can be done efficiently before ozonation and after slow sand filtration. The biological stability, in terms of assimilable organic carbon, biofilm formation rate and dissolved organic carbon, was improved by incorporating IEX for NOM removal. The operational costs were assumed to be directly dependent of the NOM removal rate and determined the difference between the IEX positions. The total costs for IEX for the three positions were approximately equal (0.0631 € m−3), however the savings on following treatment processes caused a cost reduction for the IEX positions before coagulation and before ozonation compared to IEX positioned after slow sand filtration. IEX positioned before ozonation was most cost effective and improved the biological stability of the treated water.

Download Full-text

Analysis of Water Quality and River Waters Microbology for Manifestation of Food Safety

Advance Sustainable Science, Engineering and Technology ◽

10.26877/asset.v1i1.4877 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rizky Muliani Dwi Ujianti ◽

Althesa Androva

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Food Security ◽

Quality Management ◽

Water Quality Management ◽

Quality Standard ◽

Total Coliform ◽

Coliform Bacteria ◽

Domestic Waste ◽

Total Coliform Bacteria

Abstract. Banjir Kanal Barat is a river in the Garang watershed, Semarang City, Central Java, Indonesia. Its function is as a source of water for the community. The level of pollution in this river is already high. The purpose of this study is to provide advice to governments, communities and related stakeholders to realize integrated river management, and fisheries-based food security is achieved. This research method is: analyzing the water quality of the Banjir Kanal Barat river, and analyzing the amount of faecal and total coliform bacteria content in the Banjir Kanal Barat river, and analyzing how to overcome the decline in the quality of waters of the Banjir Kanal Barat river due to faecal and total coliform bacteria pollution. The results showed that the water quality at the research location was still in the quality standard. The content of coliform dan faecal bacteria at the study site exceeds the quality standard, this is due to the influence of domestic waste from households. The thing that needs to be done is counseling the existence of a clean and healthy life, especially for people who are still throwing domestic waste into the river. The existence of water purification equipment is also very necessary to overcome this problem. Water quality management can be done with policy analysis. Regulations related to water quality management can be analyzed and then given solutions and recommendations related to these rules so that policies can be taken that are sustainable, integrated, and coordinated between various parties in managing river water quality and food security. Keywords: food security, water quality, river, faecal coliform, total coliform

Download Full-text

Control of Halogenated N-DBP Precursors Using Traditional and Advanced Drinking Water Treatment Processes: A Pilot-Scale Study in China’s Lake Taihu

ACS Symposium Series - Recent Advances in Disinfection By-Products ◽

10.1021/bk-2015-1190.ch017 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 307-339 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wenhai Chu ◽

Naiyun Gao ◽

Yang Deng ◽

Xin Li

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Lake Taihu ◽

Drinking Water Treatment ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Treatment Processes ◽

Advanced Drinking Water Treatment

Download Full-text

Integration of target analyses, non-target screening and effect-based monitoring to assess OMP related water quality changes in drinking water treatment

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135779 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 705 ◽

pp. 135779 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Andrea M. Brunner ◽

Cheryl Bertelkamp ◽

Milou M.L. Dingemans ◽

Annemieke Kolkman ◽

Bas Wols ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Drinking Water Treatment ◽

Quality Changes ◽

Target Screening

Download Full-text

Understanding the impacts of sodium silicate on water quality and iron oxide particles

Environmental Science Water Research & Technology ◽

10.1039/c9ew00257j ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (8) ◽

pp. 1360-1370 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bofu Li ◽

Benjamin F. Trueman ◽

Mohammad Shahedur Rahman ◽

Yaohuan Gao ◽

Yuri Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Iron Oxide ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Sodium Silicate ◽

Bacterial Growth ◽

Drinking Water Treatment ◽

Iron Oxide Particles ◽

Oxide Particles

Silicates represent an alternative drinking water treatment for colour and turbidity due to iron. They may avoid the drawbacks of polyphosphates: increased lead solubility, the potential for increased bacterial growth, and phosphorus in wastewater.

Download Full-text

ANALISIS KELIMPAHAN TOTAL BAKTERI COLIFORM DI PERAIRAN MUARA SUNGAI SAYUNG, MOROSARI, DEMAK (Analysis of Total Abundance of Coliform Bacteria at the Sayung River Estuary, Morosari, Demak)

SAINTEK PERIKANAN Indonesian Journal of Fisheries Science and Technology ◽

10.14710/ijfst.14.1.30-35 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 30

Author(s):

Lani Febriana Safitri ◽

Niniek Widyorini ◽

Oktavianto Eko Jati

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Dissolved Oxygen ◽

Random Sampling ◽

River Estuary ◽

Total Coliform ◽

Coliform Bacteria ◽

Total Abundance ◽

Average Abundance ◽

Total Coliform Bacteria

Perairan Muara Sungai Sayung terletak di wilayah Kabupaten Demak sebelah barat. Perairan ini telah dipengaruhi oleh berbagai aktivitas manusia yang menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan kualitas perairan. Bakteri Coliform merupakan bakteri gram negatif yang berbentuk batang dan tidak membentuk spora. Bakteri ini merupakan bakteri indikator terjadinya pencemaran perairan maupun indikator keberadaan bakteri patogen lainnya. Perhitungan total bakteri Coliform perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui adanya pencemaran limbah organik yang terjadi di Perairan Muara Sungai Sayung, Morosari, Demak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kelimpahan total bakteri Coliform, dan status perairan di Perairan Muara Sungai Sayung, Morosari, Demak. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan dari jumlah total bakteri Coliform dengan bahan organik terlarut dan oksigen terlarut (DO). Pelaksanaan penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Mei 2018. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei dan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode random sampling yang dilakukan pada lima stasiun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelimpahan rata-rata total bakteri Coliform yang diperoleh berkisar antara 4 x 103 – 550 x 10 3/100ml. Kelimpahan rata-rata total bakteri Coliform yang diperoleh pada setiap stasiun menunjukkan bahwa kandungan total bakteri Coliform telah melebihi baku mutu air menurut Keputusan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 51 Tahun 2004. Keberadaan total bakteri Coliform memiliki hubungan yang lemah dengan kandungan bahan organik terlarut, sedangkan keberadaan total bakteri Coliform memiliki hubungan yang cukup dengan oksigen terlarut (DO) di perairan Muara Sungai Sayung Morosari, Demak. Sayung River Estuary is located in the western part of Demak Regency. This estuary has been affected by various human activities which have led to a decline in water quality. Coliform bacteria are a gram-negative bacteria that are rod-shaped and do not form spores. This bacterium is an indicator bacteria of water pollution and an indicator of the presence of other pathogenic bacteria. Total Coliform bacteria calculation needs to be carrid out to find out if there any contamination of organic waste in Sayung River Estuary, Morosari, Demak.. The purpose of this research was to determine total abundance of Coliform bacteria, water quality in Sayung River Estuary, Morosari, Demak and relationship between the total abundance of Coliform bacteria with dissolved organic matter and dissolved oxygen (DO). This research was carried out in May 2018. The method that used in this research were survey method and the sampling technique was random sampling method in five stations. The results showed that the average abundance of total Coliform bacteria obtained ranged between 4 x 103 - 550 x 103 / 100ml. Average abundance of total Coliform bacteria obtained at each station shows that the total content of Coliform bacteria has exceeded the water quality standard according to Minister of Environment Decree number 51 of 2004. The total presence of Coliform bacteria has a weak relationship with the content of dissolved organic matter, while the total number of Coliform bacteria have sufficient relationship with dissolved oxygen (DO) in the Sayung River Estuary,Morosari, Demak.

Download Full-text

Small-scale drinking water treatment unit of filtration and UV disinfection for remote area

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2020.109 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 2106-2118

Author(s):

Kassim Chabi ◽

Jie Zeng ◽

Lizheng Guo ◽

Xi Li ◽

Chengsong Ye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽

Bacterial Community Composition ◽

Drinking Water Treatment ◽

Small Scale ◽

Treatment Unit ◽

Remote Areas

Abstract People in remote areas are still drinking surface water that may contain certain pollutants including harmful microorganisms and chemical compounds directly without any pretreatment. In this study, we have designed and operated a pilot-scale drinking water treatment unit as part of our aim to find an economic and easily operable technology for providing drinking water to people in those areas. Our small-scale treatment unit contains filtration and disinfection (UV–C irradiation) stages to remove pollutants from source water. The water quality index was determined based on various parameters such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphorus, dissolved organic carbon and bacteria. Water and media samples after DNA extraction were sequenced using Illumina MiSeq throughput sequencing for the determination of bacterial community composition. After the raw water treatment, the reduction of bacteria concentration ranged from 1 to 2 log10. The average removal of the turbidity, ammonium, nitrite, phosphorus and dissolved organic carbon reached up to 95.33%, 85.71%, 100%, 28.57%, and 45%, respectively. In conclusion, multiple biological stages in our designed unit showed an improvement of the drinking water quality. The designed drinking treatment unit produces potable water meeting standards at a lower cost of operation and it can be used in remote areas.

Download Full-text