Self-organising map rainfall-runoff multivariate modelling for runoff reconstruction in inadequately gauged basins

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 603-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adebayo J. Adeloye ◽  
Rabee Rustum
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Main River ◽  
Multivariate Modelling ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
Management Schemes ◽  
Viable Approach ◽  
Self Organising Map ◽  
Gauged Basins

Water resources assessment activities in inadequately gauged basins are often significantly constrained due to the insufficiency or total lack of hydro-meteorological data, resulting in huge uncertainties and ineffectual performance of water management schemes. In this study, a new methodology of rainfall-runoff modelling using the powerful clustering capability of the self-organising map (SOM), unsupervised artificial neural networks, is proposed as a viable approach for harnessing the multivariate correlation between the typically long record rainfall and short record runoff in such basins. The methodology was applied to the inadequately gauged Osun basin in southwest Nigeria for the sole purpose of extending the available runoff records and, through that, reducing water resources planning uncertainty associated with the use of short runoff data records. The extended runoff records were then analysed to determine possible abstractions from the main river source at different exceedance probabilities. This study demonstrates the successful use of emerging tools to overcome practical problems in sparsely gauged basins.

scholarly journals Modelling flow changes in potential climate change conditions – an example of the Kaczawa basin

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
Leszek Kuchar ◽  
IWAŃSKI SŁAWOMIR ◽  
Leszek Jelonek ◽  
Wiwiana Szalińska
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Data Generator ◽  
Flow Changes ◽  
Potential Climate Change

Abstract Climate change, regardless of the causes shaping its rate and direction, can have far-reaching environmental, economic and social impact. A major aspect that might be transformed as a result of climate change are water resources of a catchment. The article presents a possible method of predicting water resource changes by using a meteorological data generator and classical hydrological models. The assessment of water resources in a catchment for a time horizon of 30-50 years is based on an analysis of changes in annual runoff that might occur in changing meteorological conditions. The model used for runoff analysis was the hydrological rainfall-runoff NAM model. Daily meteorological data essential for running the hydrological model were generated by means of SWGEN model. Meteorological data generated for selected climate change scenarios (GISS, CCCM and GFDL) for the years 2030 and 2050 enabled analysing different variants of climate change and their potential effects. The presented results refer to potential changes in water resources of the Kaczawa catchment. It should be emphasized that the obtained results do not say which of the climate change scenarios is more likely, but they present the consequences of climate change described by these scenarios.

scholarly journals Model analysis of forest thinning impacts on the water resources during hydrological drought periods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Momiyama ◽  
Tomo'omi Kumagai ◽  
Tomohiro Egusa
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Forest Thinning ◽  
Flow Duration ◽  
Mountain Catchment ◽  
Data Generator ◽  
Flow Duration Curves ◽  
Rainfall Runoff Model ◽  
Runoff Model

In Japan, there has recently been an increasing call for forest thinning to conserve water resources from forested mountain catchments in terms of runoff during prolonged drought periods of the year. How their water balance and the resultant runoff are altered by forest thinning is examined using a combination of 8-year hydrological observations, 100-year meteorological data generator output, and a semi-process-based rainfall-runoff model. The rainfall-runoff model is developed based on TOPMODEL assuming that forest thinning has an impact on runoff primarily through an alteration in canopy interception. The main novelty in this analysis is that the availability of the generated 100-year meteorological data allows the investigations of the forest thinning impacts on mountain catchment water resources under the most severer drought conditions. The model is validated against runoff observations conducted at a forested mountain catchment in the Kanto region of Japan for the period 2010–2017. It is demonstrated that the model reproduces temporal variations in runoff and evapotranspiration at inter- and intra-annual time scales, resulting in well reproducing the observed flow duration curves. On the basis of projected flow duration curves for the 100-year, despite the large increase in an annual total runoff with ordinary intensifying thinning, low flow rates, i.e., water resources from the catchment in the drought period in the year, in both normal and drought years were impacted by the forest thinning to a lesser extent. Higher catchment water retention capacity appreciably enhanced the forest thinning effect on increasing available water resources.

scholarly journals Rainfall-Runoff Modelling of a River Basin Using HEC HMS: A Review Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 506-508
Author(s):  
Padala Raja Shekar
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Army Corps ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Rainfall Runoff

Abstract: A hydrological model helps in understanding of the hydrological processes and useful to measure water resources for effective water resources management. Hydrological cycle describes evaporation, condensation, precipitation and collection of earth water and on again. Hydrological models have been used in different watersheds across the world. The runoff estimation process is the most complex in nature that depends on the meteorological data and also on the various watershed physical parameters. To generate runoff data for a particular watershed it is needed to find out various parameters related to precipitation models. The HEC HMS (a Centre for Hydrological Engineering and Hydrological Modelling Systems introduced by the US Army Corps of Engineers) is a popularly used watershed model to simulate rainfall runoff process. The input variables used by hydrological models are rainfall data, runoff data, wind speed, relative humidity, soil type, catchment properties, hydrogeology and other properties. The Hydrological Modeling can also be an event based or may be continuous. This model is used to predict future impacts of the climate changes on the runoff of River basin and it is used to simulate runoff in ungauged watershed. This literature review represents that application of rainfall runoff modelling using HEC HMS is helpful in prediction of flood, water management and socio-economic development as well as food security. Keywords: HEC-HMS, hydrological modeling, rainfall-runoff simulation, soil type.

New advanced designed systems to ensure safeguard of the territory and preservation of water resources for irrigation

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Cinalberto Bertozzi ◽  
Fabio Paglione
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Water Board ◽  
Management Schemes ◽  
Innovative Techniques ◽  
River Po ◽  
Crop Irrigation

The Burana Land-Reclamation Board is an interregional water board operating in three regions and five provinces. The Burana Land-Reclamation Board operates over a land area of about 250,000 hectares between the Rivers Secchia, Panaro and Samoggia, which forms the drainage basin of the River Panaroand part of the Burana-Po di Volano, from the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines to the River Po. Its main tasks are the conservation and safeguarding of the territory, with particular attention to water resources and how they are used, ensuring rainwater drainage from urban centres, avoiding flooding but ensuringwater supply for crop irrigation in the summer to combat drought. Since the last century the Burana Land-Reclamation Board has been using innovative techniques in the planning of water management schemes designed to achieve the above aims, improving the management of water resources while keeping a constant eye on protection of the environment.

Quantitative estimation on contribution of climate changes and watershed characteristic changes to decreasing streamflow in the Huangshui Basin, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xizhi Lv ◽  
Shaopeng Li ◽  
Yongxin Ni ◽  
Qiufen Zhang ◽  
Li Ma
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Characteristic Parameter ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Watershed Characteristic ◽  
Streamflow Change

<p>In the past 60 years, climate changes and underlying surface of the watershed have affected the structure and characteristics of water resources to a different degree It is of great significance to investigate main drivers of streamflow change for development, utilization and planning management of water resources in river basins. In this study, the Huangshui Basin, a typical tributary of the upper Yellow River, is used as the research area. Based on the Budyko hypothesis, streamflow and meteorological data from 1958-2017 are used to quantitatively assess the relative contributions of changes in climate and watershed characteristic to streamflow change in research area. The results show that: the streamflow of Huangshui Basin shows an insignificant decreasing trend; the sensitivity coefficients of streamflow to precipitation, potential evapotranspiration and watershed characteristic parameter are 0.5502, -0.1055, and 183.2007, respectively. That is, an increase in precipitation by 1 unit will induce an increase of 0.5502 units in streamflow, and an increase in potential evapotranspiration by 1 unit will induce a decrease of 0.1055 units in streamflow, and an increase in the watershed characteristic parameter by 1 unit will induce a decrease of 183.2007 units in streamflow. Compared with the reference period (1958-1993), the streamflow decreased by 20.48mm (13.59%) during the change period (1994-2017), which can be attribution to watershed characteristic changes (accounting for 73.64%) and climate change (accounting for 24.48%). Watershed characteristic changes exert a dominant influence upon the reduction of streamflow in the Huangshui Basin.</p>

scholarly journals CARACTERIZAÇÃO FISIOGRÁFICA DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO CÓRREGO DO MALHEIRO, NO MUNICÍPIO DE SABARÁ – MG

Irriga ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-412
Author(s):  
Wellington Marçal de Carvalho ◽  
Edson De Oliveira Vieira ◽  
Jussara Machado Jardim Rocha ◽  
Alan Kenio dos Santos Pereira ◽  
Tiago Vinicius Batista do Carmo
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
River Bed ◽  
Main River ◽  
Equilibrium Relationships ◽  
The City

CARACTERIZAÇÃO FISIOGRÁFICA DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO CÓRREGO DO MALHEIRO, NO MUNICÍPIO DE SABARÁ – MG  Wellington Marçal de Carvalho; Edson de Oliveira Vieira; Jussara Machado Jardim Rocha; Alan Kênio dos Santos Pereira; Tiago Vinícius Batista do CarmoInstituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, MG  [email protected]  1 RESUMO A Lei Federal 9.433, de 8 de janeiro de 1997, instituiu a Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos e estabeleceu o Sistema Nacional de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos e, ao definir princípios básicos para uma gestão eficaz das águas, no Brasil, adotou a bacia hidrográfica como unidade de planejamento de políticas públicas, a fim de garantir o direito ao acesso à água de boa qualidade para as atividades produtivas, bem como, para sua utilização pelas gerações futuras. Sabe-se que uma bacia hidrográfica é um sistema complexo e sofre influência de fatores internos e externos, que podem comprometer as diversas relações de equilíbrio do mesmo, e, possivelmente, culminar em sua degradação. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar a fisiografia da bacia hidrográfica do córrego do Malheiro, no município de Sabará – MG. Para compreender os processos biológicos, físicos e químicos que interferem no ciclo hidrológico dessa unidade geográfica foram estudados os parâmetros fisiográficos: área de drenagem, perímetro, comprimento do leito principal, rede de drenagem, densidade de drenagem, forma da bacia hidrográfica, número de ordem, declividade equivalente, tempo de concentração, extensão do percurso principal e amplitude altimétrica. Os resultados demonstraram a necessidade de medidas efetivas de recuperação e preservação da cobertura vegetal, além de investimentos em educação ambiental para a população. UNITERMOS: Bacia de drenagem. Morfometria. Malheiro, córrego do – Sabará/MG.  CARVALHO, W. M. de; VIEIRA, E. de O.; ROCHA, J. M. J.; PEREIRA, A. K. dos S.; CARMO, T. V. B. do. physiographic characterization of Malheiro stream watershed in the city of Sabará– MG, brazil  2 ABSTRACT The Brazilian Federal Law 9433, from January 8th, 1997, regulated  the National Policy for Water Resources and established the National System for Water Resources Management, and, by defining basic principles for an efficient water management in Brazil, it adopted the watershed as a planning unit for public policy, in order to guarantee the rights to access good quality water for productive activities, and also for the future generations’ use. It is known that a watershed is a complex system that is influenced by internal and external factors that may compromise its several equilibrium relationships, and, possibly, result in its degradation. The goal of the present work was to characterize the physiography of  the Malheiro stream watershed, located in the city of Sabará, MG. In order to understand the biological, physical and chemical processes that interfere in the hydrological cycle of the geographic unit, the following physiographic parameters were studied: drainage area, perimeter, main river bed length, drainage network, drainage density, hydrographic basin shape, order number, equivalent declivity, concentration time, main course extension, and altimetric amplitude. The results demonstrated the necessity for effective measure recovery and preservation of the vegetation cover, and also investments on environmental education for thepopulation.            KEYWORDS: Draining bank river. Morphometry. Malheiro stream watershed - Sabará/MG.

scholarly journals Comparing bias correction methods in downscaling meteorological variables for hydrologic impact study in an arid area in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 12659-12696 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Fang ◽  
J. Yang ◽  
Y. N. Chen ◽  
C. Zammit
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Bias Correction ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Temperature Correction ◽  
Arid Area ◽  
Tarim River ◽  
Tarim River Basin ◽  
Impact Study

Abstract. Water resources are essential to the ecosystem and social economy in the desert and oasis of the arid Tarim River Basin, Northwest China, and expected to be vulnerable to climate change. Regional Climate Models (RCM) have been proved to provide more reliable results for regional impact study of climate change (e.g. on water resources) than GCM models. However, it is still necessary to apply bias correction before they are used for water resources research due to often considerable biases. In this paper, after a sensitivity analysis on input meteorological variables based on Sobol' method, we compared five precipitation correction methods and three temperature correction methods to the output of a RCM model with its application to the Kaidu River Basin, one of the headwaters of the Tarim River Basin. Precipitation correction methods include Linear Scaling (LS), LOCal Intensity scaling (LOCI), Power Transformation (PT), Distribution Mapping (DM) and Quantile Mapping (QM); and temperature correction methods include LS, VARIance scaling (VARI) and DM. These corrected precipitation and temperature were compared to the observed meteorological data, and then their impacts on streamflow were also compared by driving a distributed hydrologic model. The results show: (1) precipitation, temperature, solar radiation are sensitivity to streamflow while relative humidity and wind speed are not, (2) raw RCM simulations are heavily biased from observed meteorological data, which results in biases in the simulated streamflows, and all bias correction methods effectively improved theses simulations, (3) for precipitation, PT and QM methods performed equally best in correcting the frequency-based indices (e.g. SD, percentile values) while LOCI method performed best in terms of the time series based indices (e.g. Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient, R2), (4) for temperature, all bias correction methods performed equally well in correcting raw temperature. (5) For simulated streamflow, precipitation correction methods have more significant influence than temperature correction methods and the performances of streamflow simulations are consistent with these of corrected precipitation, i.e. PT and QM methods performed equally best in correcting flow duration curve and peak flow while LOCI method performed best in terms of the time series based indices. The case study is for an arid area in China based on a specific RCM and hydrologic model, but the methodology and some results can be applied to other area and other models.

Development of a Non-Linear Integrated Drought Index (NDI) for Managing Drought and Water Resources Forecasting in the Upper Tana River Basin-Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-33
Author(s):  
Raphael Muli Wambua
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Lead Time ◽  
Drought Index ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Drought Forecasting ◽  
Tropical River ◽  
Tana River ◽  
Non Linear

This article uses the non-linear integrated drought index (NDI) for managing drought and water resources forecasting in a tropical river basin. The NDI was formulated using principal component analysis (PCA). The NDI used hydro-meteorological data and forecasted using recursive multi-step neural networks. In this article, drought forecasting and projection is adopted for planning ahead for mitigation and for the adaptation of adverse effects of droughts and food insecurity in the river basin. Results that forecasting ability of NDI model using ANNs decreased with increase in lead time. The formulated NDI as a tool for projecting into the future.

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