Constraints and motivations to sanitation business in peri-urban communities in Ghana

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 692-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Nimoh ◽  
Kofi Poku ◽  
Kwasi Ohene-Yankyera ◽  
Flemming Konradsen ◽  
Robert C. Abaidoo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Financial Benefits ◽  
Private Sector Participation ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Government ◽  
Depth Interviews

Ghana lags behind the Millennium Development Goals' target for sanitation, despite widespread effort by the central government. Lessons from the historical shortcomings of Ghana's sanitation policy now call for public–private partnership in the management of sanitation in Ghana. Using observations and in-depth interviews with small-scale sanitation service providers, this study investigated the constraints and motivations of sanitation-related businesses in peri-urban communities in the Ningo–Prampram district of Ghana. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used for data analyses and reporting. The study found that there exist various sanitation-related businesses such as masons/latrine builders, hardware suppliers and pit-emptier, in the study area whose activities are constrained by some financial, logistical, institutional and social challenges which limit their performance. Nonetheless, the operation of a sanitation business in the study communities was found profitable, and service providers are motivated by the financial returns and other non-financial benefits to remain and continue in their respective businesses. Policy efforts by the government and other stakeholders toward addressing the constraints to sanitation business are crucial for increased private sector participation and better service delivery to all stakeholders in the sanitation market, and the Ghanaian economy as a whole.

Suggestions and Constraints Perceived by Shopkeepers towards Goods and Services Tax

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
Shatakshi Semwal ◽  
Ella Rani ◽  
Vandana Verma
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Government ◽  
Taxation System

The Goods and Services Tax (GST), implemented on July 1, 2017 is regarded as a major taxation reform till date implementedin India since independence. The primary objective behind development of GST was to subsume number of indirect taxes under one umbrella which simplifies taxation system for service and commodity businesses. GST was expected to convey various advantages to economy as an indirect tax and simplifies the workload of shopkeepers but it resulted in lack of clarity and time consuming process. With this assumption, study was planned to find out the constraints faced by shopkeepers and suggestions given by them regarding the implementation of Goods and Services Tax (GST). The study was carried out purposively in Hisar city of Haryana State, where, thirty shopkeepers from five respective section were selected i.e. Foods, Clothing and Textiles, Electrical appliances, Medical and Cosmetics and Communication and Transportation; thus making total sample of 150 respondents. Results from data inferred that majority of the respondent’s complained that filing GST has been more complicated now, there is increased tax compliance, high competition faced by shopkeepers and changing tax rate slabs by the central government is confusing them and making it difficult to understand the process. Furthermore, majority of the shopkeepers also suggested that there should be reduction of legal formalities, tax should be collected by the government at the manufacturing level itself and they don’t have to file for returns at later stages. They also suggested that registration should be there for all the traders and service providers with exemptions for small scale suppliers from collecting and remitting GST and casual trade category should be abolished.

A Study On Challenges Faced By Small Scale Entrepreneurship Management In Tirunelveli City

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (10) ◽  
pp. 244-251
Author(s):  
Dr. V. Sangeetha ◽  
S.Selva Kumari ◽  
M. Deena ◽  
K. Chandra
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Central Government ◽  
New Products ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The Government

In modern days entrepreneurship are increased and they were faced a lot of issues and challenges. Entrepreneur is one who has creative and innovative ideas for a business. The entrepreneurship reduces the unemployment. The Government was encouraged the Entrepreneurs and give award for them. Main objective for these awards is to recognize the business and business man and improve the marketability introduced new products for a market. The Central Government issues award for entrepreneurs who have a age of 40 years and they must be first generation entrepreneurs. They were holding a 51% of equity and ownership of business and then women must individually own 75% or more of the enterprise.

New Indian online rules risk state overreach and abuse

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
News Media ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Online News ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Digital Service ◽  
The Government

Significance The new rules follow a stand-off between Twitter and the central government last month over some posts and accounts. The government has used this stand-off as an opportunity not only to tighten rules governing social media, including Twitter, WhatsApp, Facebook and LinkedIn, but also those for other digital service providers including news publishers and entertainment streaming companies. Impacts Government moves against dominant social media platforms will boost the appeal of smaller platforms with light or no content moderation. Hate speech and harmful disinformation are especially hard to control and curb on smaller platforms. The new rules will have a chilling effect on online public discourse, increasing self-censorship (at the very least). Government action against online news media would undercut fundamental democratic freedoms and the right to dissent. Since US-based companies dominate key segments of the Indian digital market, India’s restrictive rules could mar India-US ties.

scholarly journals Disability Rights in Botswana: Perspectives of Individuals With Disabilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
Sourav Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Emmanuel Moswela
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Disability Rights ◽  
Individuals With Disabilities ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Information Barriers ◽  
Transport Barriers ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
The Government ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Access Services

Even though the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons With Disabilities (UN-CRPD) 2006 has been in existence for the last 10 years, the Government of Botswana has not ratified the convention. As a result, individuals with disabilities (IWDs) fail to access services and are at the mercy of the service providers. This qualitative study involved in-depth interviews with 30 IWDs about their experiences related to disability rights. Analysis of the data indicated that IWDs face several challenges in exercising their basic rights; these challenges being (a) stigmatization, (b) infrastructural barriers, (c) transport barriers, and (d) information barriers. Findings suggested that awareness of disability rights among IWDs, caregivers, and the general public was generally low. As a result, many IWDs were not aware of their rights and therefore could not exercise their rights fully.

From Centralized to Local Alcohol Policy? Administrative Decentralization and the Role of Local Municipalities in Finnish Alcohol Policy

1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-93
Author(s):  
Sanna Sairanen ◽  
Pekka Sulkunen
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Welfare Policy ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Alcohol Policy ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Alcohol Control ◽  
Local Municipalities ◽  
The Government

The main concern in the article is with the question of how far the administration of welfare policy in general and alcohol policy in particular has been decentralized from central government to the local level. The period under review extends from the abrogation of the Prohibition Act in 1932 up to the present day. For the part of alcohol policy, the development is measured on the basis of the changes that have taken place in alcohol legislation, specifically with regard to alcohol control and licensing. Separate treatment is given to municipal alcohol inspection and alcohol and temperance committees. The latitude of local self-government in welfare policy issues is described by reference to the government grant system. The resources allocated by central government to local municipalities may be earmarked for specific projects, or alternatively be granted for allocation according to the local municipality's own discretion. The article also introduces a case study on the alcohol policy decision-makers in a Finnish municipality in 1991–1994. Local municipalities have greater autonomy today in the implementation and funding of welfare services than they did during the formative years of the welfare state. It is possible that in the future Finnish municipalities will become increasingly differentiated in terms of both the quality and quantity of services. However, local municipalities still remain first and foremost service providers; it seems that they have not even wanted to assume responsibility for the advocacy and protection of moral-political democracy. The same applies to alcohol policy. For the most part, local municipalities have tried to shed their responsibilities and reduce their influence in alcohol policy decision-making. During the 1990s municipalities have no longer wanted to assume responsibility for alcohol control or for the processing of licensing and retail sales permits. The article concludes that local municipalities consider the lack of services a greater problem than the social or health problems associated with alcohol.

Bolivian textile crafts and the subversion of institutionalized sustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
Berea Antaki ◽  
Katalin Medvedev
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
First Century ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Apparel Production ◽  
The Government ◽  
National Constitution ◽  
Indigenous Cosmology ◽  
Depth Interviews

This article describes the tensions between institutionalized and grassroots forms of sustainability and their subsequent effects on textile artisans in La Paz, Bolivia. Principles of the indigenous cosmology Suma Qamaña are applied to the twenty-first-century challenge of environmental degradation and governmental corruption in the description of craft practices at two artisan collectives in La Paz. Suma Qamaña is an expression of the harmonious and respectful coexistence of humans with nature, which entails communal values and reciprocal resource management principles. The study highlights grassroots, practical solutions that encourage economic and environmental sustainability for textile cooperatives in Bolivia. Through extensive participant observation and in-depth interviews, this study seeks to understand how the lives of artisans are affected by the Bolivian government’s appropriation of the Suma Qamaña cosmology. The current political party, the Movimiento al Socialismo, has gained popular support in Bolivia partly by institutionalizing the inherent rights of nature in the national constitution. Despite this, the government continues to pursue extractive natural resource policies. To counter this, Bolivian textile artisans practise their own version of bottom-up sustainability, which does not rely on government institutions to enforce change. The artisans’ situated practices, traditional knowledge base and the inherently sustainable characteristics of craft production ‐ flexible, small-scale, localized and resilient ‐ reflect potential trends and alternatives for apparel production.

scholarly journals The Local Government Efforts in Promoting the Development of Tourism Area of Pari Island, DKI Jakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Andrey Banyudoyo ◽  
Triyanti Anugrahini
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Building Community ◽  
The Government ◽  
Type Data ◽  
Depth Interviews

As one of the countries that has rich natural potential, Indonesia is an archipelago country that has extraordinary natural potential. Therefore, to ensure maximum efforts from the implementation of these efforts, a regulation was formed whereby the Central Government authorizes the Regional Government to maximize its potential. the. . The development of national tourism which is quite good in the last five years provides opportunities for each region that has the potential to further develop and maximize all the potential of its region. This then provides an opportunity for the government to build concrete steps in developing an area that originally had potential in the end. can be used to encourage the area to become a tourist area, where these conditions have an impact on the community in the area. The purpose of writing this article is to find out the efforts of the local government in building community welfare through the development of tourist areas on Pari Island. The method used in this writing is a qualitative descriptive type. Data collection techniques in the form of documentation study, observation and in-depth interviews. By taking informants using purposive sampling. The results obtained are that the government has made various efforts to develop the tourism area on Pari Island.

scholarly journals The Role and Impact of Agricultural Machinery Service Provider for Rural Community Development Case in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-81
Author(s):  
Kodrad Winarno ◽  
Amie Sulastiyah ◽  
Muhamad Rusliyadi
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Technical Aspect ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Farmer Groups ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost

Agricultural machinery plays a strategic role in achieving Indonesia’s agricultural development goals. It is considered capable of increasing agricultural production and productivity through managing cultivation, harvest and post-harvest activities. The government has facilitated farmers with agricultural machinery through farmer groups and joint-farmer groups by encouraging them to form Agricultural Machinery Services Provider (AMSP). The purpose of this research is to describe the agribusiness management of AMSP, in terms of organizational, technical and economic aspects. This research was conducted from June 2017 to October 2017 in four districts, namely Bantul, Sleman, Gunung Kidul and Kulon Progo. Purposive sampling was used as a sampling method in this research. There were 32 respondents; 12 from AMSP, 16 from farmers groups, 4 private agricultural machinery service providers. The data analysis used was descriptive and qualitative data analysis. This research concluded that management of AMSP from an organizational perspective in the 4 districts is compatible with the Permentan Nomor 25 2018 guidelines regarding growth and development of AMSP. From the technical aspect, most of the operational agricultural machinery is 2-wheeled and 4-wheeled tractors. From the economic aspect, Earnings are distributed based on 40:60 ratio where AMSP earns 40% and the operator earns 60%. In relation to the cost of land cultivation, AMSP can earn between RP. 600.000,- – Rp. 800.000,- and the operator can earn Rp. 900.000,- – Rp. 1.200.000,-.

scholarly journals Exploring the challenges to sustainable rural drinking water services in Chile

Water Policy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1251-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jami Nelson-Nuñez ◽  
Jeffrey P. Walters ◽  
Denisse Charpentier
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Delphi Study ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Universal Coverage ◽  
Water Services ◽  
Rural Water ◽  
Development Goals

Abstract Many countries around the world now face the dual challenges of closing the remaining gaps in access to drinking water in rural areas while further addressing the issues of equity, quality, and sustainability outlined in the new Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Our research explores the key factors for sustainability in rural drinking water services in Chile, an important example not only due to its success in rural water access but also because of the new directions the country is taking to achieve the SDGs. Drawing on results from a Delphi study of Chilean rural water experts, we discuss the most important issues identified, including water availability and investment in community water organizations, as well as disagreement among experts, particularly around roles of private service providers and the national government. We leverage these results to assess Law No. 20.998 passed in 2017, which aims to address problematic variation in rural water services by introducing a stronger role for central government and conferring more responsibility on rural water organizations. The work presents insights for challenges countries closer to universal coverage will face as they work towards the SDGs and provides an analysis of the new rural drinking water governance landscape in Chile.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF SOCIO ECONOMIC FACTORS ON STAPLE FOOD PRODUCTION. A CRITICAL LITERATURE REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
JAMES KIMANI
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
The Government ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Purpose: Agricultural management practices are key for higher production and are influenced by training as well as financial resources which enable farmers to adopt better practices as well as new farming methods. The general objective of the study was to the study was to establish influence of socio economic factors on staple food production.. Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps. Findings: The study found out that most of the farmers were marginalized on gender, age and education and still suffers inequalities in the development ladder. Gender inequality is still in existence and plays a major role in placing the women in informal sectors, in limited wages employment activities it is an outstanding factor that plays a major role in food insecurity at house hold level. Land is a major resource for food production and majority of the small scale farmers’ occupied land that was self-owned which was less than 1 acre and was not adequate for food production for sustainable food security Recommendations: The study recommends that that the extension services should be improved through retraining of existing extension workers , increasing the number of the extension service providers at farm levels .The government should also increase the facilitation of extension service so as to enable service delivery through training, demonstration , farm visit as well as group trainings amongst other training avenues so as to ensure the farmers are equipped with the right knowledge and technology for staple food production

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