scholarly journals Urine treatment by solar disinfection for agriculture reuse purpose in a poor rural context: case of Burkina Faso

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drissa Sangare ◽  
Alexis L. Brou ◽  
Mariam Sou/dakoure ◽  
Patricia V. Tagro
Keyword(s):  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Solar Disinfection ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pet Bottles ◽  
Exponential Decay Model ◽  
Inactivation Efficiency ◽  
Microbiological Analyses ◽  
Urine Treatment

Abstract The study aimed to reduce the storage time of urine treatment and assess the quality of treated urine following the Solar DISinfection (SODIS) method. Microbiological analyses were performed on urine samples taken before each sunlight exposure, between 10am and 4pm at a frequency of 1 h, during which temperature was measured in PET bottles (1.5 L). The initial concentrations of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella in unstored urine were 106 and 103 CFU/100 mL respectively. The combined effect of temperature and UV radiation increased inactivation efficiency of E. coli at 5 log units. On the other hand, 98% of Salmonella were inactivated in less than 3 h of continuous exposure between 12am and 3pm with temperature varying between 50 and 65 °C in PET bottles. The k values showed that the inactivation rate of Salmonella tested was accelerated when the temperature was above 50 °C. Then, the results indicated that the first-order exponential decay model was the best method to predict the inactivation of Salmonella in urine by SODIS. General results showed that after 3 days of exposure to sunlight, urine collected via eco-toilet becomes bacteriologically sanitized and therefore can be used in agriculture.

scholarly journals Assessment of the microbiological quality of popular food items on sale in secondary school canteens of Mauritius

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayawatee Goburdhun ◽  
Mahima D. Beeharry ◽  
Keshnee Reega ◽  
Arvind Ruggoo ◽  
Hudaa Neetoo
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
High Level ◽  
Microbiological Analyses ◽  
Composite Samples

This study was carried out to assess the microbiological status of three hot meals served in eight selected school canteens of Mauritius, with two schools randomly selected from each of the four school zones of the island. Three individual samples of farata, panini, or fried noodles were collected at each school during two independent visits. The three individual samples of each food type collected during each visit were then pooled before being subjected to microbiological analyses. A total of 48 composite samples were analyzed. The parameters tested were Total Viable Count (TVC), Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria spp. The microbiological analyses revealed that paninis were deemed as generally acceptable with TVC falling in the range of 3.0-5.7 Log CFU/g and undetectable levels of S. aureus and E. coli. In contrast, fried noodles and faratas harboured a moderately high level of TVC (4.4-6.7 Log CFU/g) and objectionably high levels S. aureus (3.1 to 5.0 Log CFU/g) and E. coli (3.1-5.1 Log CFU/g) for seven out of the eight schools.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in Curd Cheese Sold in the Northeastern Region of South America

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamiles Barreto de Deus ◽  
Ludmilla Santana Soares Barros ◽  
Ricardo Mendes da Silva ◽  
Wanessa Karine da Silva Lima ◽  
Danuza das Virgens Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
South America ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mold And Yeast ◽  
Sanitary Conditions ◽  
Microbiological Analyses ◽  
Microbiological Data

The present study evaluated the microbiological and sanitary quality of curd cheese sold on the beaches of the Itaparica Island, Brazil, and verified whether a correlation exists between the commercialization conditions and the microbiological data. The research was performed between December 2015 and March 2017. Sixty samples of rennet-containing cheese were collected to estimate the populations of mesophylls, psychrotrophic microorganisms, mold and yeast, Staphylococcus aureus, total coliforms, and Escherichia coli. An observational analysis was performed during the collection, using a checklist to verify the sellers’ sanitary conditions and cheese marketing. A high nonconformity index was registered regarding aspects in the checklist. In the microbiological analyses, the number of mesophylls in raw and roasted samples ranged from 7,88 to 14,82 log CFU/mL, and those of psychrotrophs ranged from 2,80 to 3,84 log CFU/mL. Meanwhile, mold and yeast levels in the samples ranged from 8,06 to 5,54 log CFU/mL, S. aureus was detected at levels from 3,24 to 4,94 log CFU/mL, and the total coliform counts ranged from 4,48 to 7,18 log CFU/mL. The number of E. coli specimens ranged from 2,96 to 5,75 log CFU/mL. Microbial insecurity was noted for commercialized curd cheese, and the need for intervention was indicated.

scholarly journals Fabrication of potable and eco-friendly solar disinfection (sodis) unit and its performance analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Malavika J P ◽  
Shobana C
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Solar Disinfection ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pet Bottles ◽  
Disinfection Unit

Solar disinfection (SODIS) is a technique, which involves utilization of solar energy to make safe drinking water from biologically contaminated water. In the conventional SODIS method, the PET bottles are filled with polluted water and exposed to the sunlight for a certain period depending upon the local weather conditions. However much more effective disinfection system is needed to overcome the problems of inefficient utilization of available solar energy and the health risk posed by treating the water using chemicals during the purification process.  Hence, the present work aims in designing a portable solar disinfection unit that can efficiently use solar energy by manually adjusting the unit according to sunlight availability. Along with it, incorporation of the additional eco-friendly unit with water purifying plants Vetiveria zizanioides (Vetiver) and Hemidesmus indicus (Nannari) is done to achieve high efficiency in producing potable water from biologically contaminated water. The contaminated water samples treated in the solar disinfection unit and eco-friendly water purifying unit are analyzed for the presence of total coliforms and E-coli by using the Most probable Number method and P/A analysis, respectively. A reduction in 99.74% of total coliform count and absence of E-coli was observed in the treated water samples.  The physicochemical analysis was carried out to ensure the suitability of treated water for consumption and the results revealed a notable reduction in the parameters, and all the parameters came under the permissible range of IS drinking water characteristics. The designed system can be used to disinfect the contaminated water sample most efficiently, thereby making the water suitable for consumption.

UV disinfection of wastewater effluents for unrestricted irrigation

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Nasser ◽  
H. Paulman ◽  
O. Sela ◽  
T. Ktaitzer ◽  
H. Cikurel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Uv Disinfection ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Uv Dose ◽  
Inactivation Efficiency ◽  
Transmission Of Disease

Wastewater reuse in arid regions is important for the production of a water resource to be utilised for non-potable purposes and to prevent the environmental transmission of disease-causing agents. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of water quality on the comparative disinfection efficiency of viruses, bacteria and spores by UV irradiation. Furthermore, the microbial quality of effluent produced by coagulation, high rate filtration (HRF) and either UV irradiation or chlorination was determined. Using low pressure collimated beam, a UV dose of 80 mWs/cm2 was needed to achieve a 3-log10 inactivation of either rotavirus SA-11 or coliphage MS2, whereas over 5-log10 inactivation of E. coli was reached with a dose of only 20 mWs/cm2. B. subtilis inactivation was found to be linear up to a dose of 40 mWs/cm2 and then a tailing up to a UV dose of 120 mWs/cm2 was observed. It is worth noting that effluent turbidity of <5 NTU did not influence the inactivation efficiency of UV irradiation. Operation of a pilot plant to treat secondary effluent by coagulation, HRF and UV disinfection at a UV dose of 80 mWs/cm2 resulted in the production of high quality effluent in compliance with the Israel standards for unrestricted irrigation (<10 CFU/100 mL faecal coliform and turbidity of <5 NTU). Sulphite reducing clostridia (SRC) were found to be more resistant than coliphages and F coliform for UV irradiation. The results of this study indicated that UV disinfection is suitable for the production of effluents for unrestricted irrigation of food crops.

The Microbiology of Phane, an Edible Caterpillar of the Emperor Moth, Imbrasia belina

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 1376-1380 ◽  
Author(s):  
BERHANU A. GASHE ◽  
SISAI F. MPUCHANE ◽  
BUPE A. SIAME ◽  
JOSEPH ALLOTEY ◽  
GETACHEW TEFERRA
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Population ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Imbrasia Belina ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Marginal Field ◽  
Open Markets ◽  
Microbiological Analyses

The larvae of Imbrasia belina (Westwood) are cooked and sun dried to make a product known as phane, which is consumed as a delicacy. A study was conducted to determine the sanitary quality of phane and the kinds of microorganisms associated with it. It also looked into the potential for the existence of health risk associated with its consumption. Laboratory- and field-processed phane and that from open markets were subjected to microbiological analyses. The total microbial population for the larvae was in the range of 3 × 105 to 2 × 107 CFU/g. Species belonging to seven genera of bacteria and five genera of fungi were isolated from the larvae. About 50% of the identified bacteria were gram-positive, yet their combined population was much lower than that of the gram-negative bacteria. Cooking (89 to 93°C) under both sets of conditions (laboratory and field) reduced the microbial population to less than 9 × 103 CFU/g. The survivors were mostly sporeformers. Laboratory-processed phane was contaminated during drying, but none of the isolates were coliforms and the population increment was marginal. Field-processed phane, on the other hand, had a population of 4 × 104 to 1 ×108 CFU/g after 24 h of drying. The high moisture content of phane (55%) and a high degree of contamination from the soil and air appeared to have contributed to the increased population. Aspergilli including A. flavus and phycomycetes were frequently isolated from the samples. Coliforms were present in 30% and 50% of the phane processed in the field and in market phane, respectively. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were found in 33% and 21%, respectively, of samples acquired from the market. The presence of K. pneumoniae. E. coli, a toxin-producing sporeformer (Bacillus cereus), and mycotoxin-producing fungi (A. flavus, Penicillium sp., and Fusarium sp.) all point to the possible existence of health risks associated with its consumption.

Changes in the Microbiological Quality of Mangrove Oysters (Crassostrea brasiliana) during Different Storage Conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAIKE TAÍS MAZIERO MONTANHINI ◽  
ROBERTO MONTANHINI NETO
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Contamination Levels

This study aimed to determine the effect of temperature and period of postharvest storage on the microbiological quality and shelf life of raw mangrove oysters, Crassostrea brasiliana. A total of 150 dozen oysters were collected directly from the points of extraction or cultivation in southern Brazil, and in the laboratory, they were stored raw at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25°C for 1, 4, 8, 11, and 15 days. On each of these days, the oysters were subjected to microbiological analyses of aerobic mesophilic count, total coliforms, enterococci, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella. None of the tested samples under any storage condition showed contamination levels above those allowed by Brazilian legislation for E. coli, S. aureus, and Salmonella, and there was no change (P > 0.05) in the counts of these microorganisms due to the temperature and/or period of oyster storage. Counts of enterococci and total coliforms showed a tendency to increase (P < 0.05) among the different temperatures tested. Raw mangrove oysters remain in safe microbiological conditions for consumption up to 8 days after harvesting, regardless of temperature, and their shelf life may be extended to 15 days if they are stored at temperatures not exceeding 15°C.

Microbial Quality of Popular Locally Processed Meats Sold in Retail Outlets in Trinidad, West Indies

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
STACEY-MARIE SYNE ◽  
ADASH RAMSUBHAG ◽  
ABIODUN A. ADESIYUN
Keyword(s):  
West Indies ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
Processed Meats ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
Microbiological Analyses ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

A total of 480 samples of locally produced processed meats, including chicken franks, chicken bologna, and bacon from brands A and B, was collected from 8 supermarkets across the island of Trinidad over a 1-year period and subjected to a range of microbiological analyses. The results showed that 54.2, 0.4, and 1.7% of the samples exceeded recommended limits for aerobic bacteria, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. Listeria spp. were detected in 19.4% of samples, whereas L. monocytogenes was present at a prevalence rate of 7.5%. Brand A products had lower microbiological quality, accounting for 100% of samples positive for L. monocytogenes, E. coli, and S. aureus; and 75% for Listeria spp. and coliforms. Bacon was the product that most frequently exceeded microbiological limits, and accounted for 100% of samples positive for E. coli, 83.3% for L. monocytogenes, 72% for Listeria spp., 62.5% for S. aureus, and 61.9% for coliforms.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of the balneability conditions of Beira Rio beach in the municipality of Porto Nacional, Tocantins

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-76
Author(s):  
Paulo Victor Ferreira de Souza ◽  
Ângelo Ricardo Balduino
Keyword(s):  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Recreational Activity ◽  
Specific Criterion ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Primary Contact ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Contact Recreation ◽  
Microbiological Analyses

The Tocantins River has great water resources and it has been highly sought after for recreational activity, and it is highlighted for the beautiful beaches that are formed in its extension. It is important to remember that primary contact recreation and leisure activities have a specific criterion of sanitary safety for the purpose of balneability. This study evaluated the water quality of Beira Rio Beach in Porto Nacional - Tocantins. Microbiological analyses were performed using the indicators of the total coliform group and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The results of the monitoring were checked with the parameters established for balneability purposes defined by CONAMA Resolution No 274/00. The Colilert technique was used for detections and confirmatory identifications of total coliforms and E. coli. Low concentrations of E. coli were proven, which allowed the final classification in the category of 'excellent', according to CONAMA Resolution No. 274/00. Therefore, the waters of Beira Rio Beach, in the period of analysis and collection of samples, based on the indicator of bacteria of the E. coli group, were found within the accepted standards for balneability (primary contact recreation).

Solar disinfection for the post-treatment of greywater by means of a continuous flow reactor

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1178-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália Pansonato ◽  
Marcos V. G. Afonso ◽  
Carlos A. Salles ◽  
Marc Á. Boncz ◽  
Paula L. Paulo
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
Solar Disinfection ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pet Bottles ◽  
Solar Radiation Intensity

SODIS (solar disinfection) is a low-cost alternative for water decontamination. The method is based on the exposure of water, contained in PET bottles, to direct sunlight, and mainly its UV-A and infrared components. The present research studied SODIS as a low cost alternative for the inactivation of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in treated greywater, aiming at its reuse for more noble applications. Experiments were performed in (i) batch mode (2 L PET-bottles), testing the effect of turbidity on system efficiency and, (ii) in a continuous pilot-scale reactor prototype (51 L, using interconnected 2 L-PET bottles), testing hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 18 and 24 h. Samples were exposed to an average solar radiation intensity of 518 W/m2. The results obtained indicate that the SODIS system has potential for total coliforms and E. coli inactivation in the pre-treated greywater, reaching 2.1 log units E. coli inactivation in batch experiments for low turbidity samples (21 NTU), and >2 log units inactivation of total coliforms (and E. coli, when present) for the 24 h HRT-continuous prototype. The continuous flow prototype needs more testing and structural improvements to cope with the difficulties posed by algae growth, as they complicate maintaining conditions of constant flow and make frequent maintenance inevitable.

Chất lượng nước ở Bắc Bình dựa trên các kết quả phân tích hóa học và vi sinh

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 484-497
Author(s):  
Phan Thị Kim Văn ◽  
Bùi Trần Vượng
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Microbiological Analyses

The quality of water in Bac Binh according to chemical and microbiological analyses

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