scholarly journals Modeling water and salinity risks to viticulture under prolonged sustained deficit and saline water irrigation

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 901-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Phogat ◽  
J. W. Cox ◽  
J. Šimůnek ◽  
P. Hayman
Keyword(s):  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Full Irrigation ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Saline Water Irrigation ◽  
Reduced Water ◽  
Hydrus 1D

Abstract A numerical model (HYDRUS-1D) was used to evaluate the impacts of the long-term (2004–2015) use of sustained deficit irrigation (10% (D10%) and 20% (D20%) less than full), irrigations with increased water salinity (ECiw of 0.5 and 0.8 dS/m), 50% deficit irrigation during a drought period (DD50%), and DD50% coupled with an increased salinity of water (ECiw of 0.5 and 0.8 dS/m) on the water balance and salinity dynamics under grapevine in two soils at two locations with different climatic conditions. The results showed that D20% and DD50% significantly reduced water uptake and seasonal drainage (Dr) by the vines as compared to full irrigation. Vineyards established in light-textured soils showed two to five times larger drainage losses as compared to heavy-textured soils. The results revealed that the slight increase in the electrical conductivity of irrigation water (ECiw = 0.5 and 0.8 dS/m) increased the risks in terms of the amount of salts deposited in the soil and transport of large quantities of irrigation-induced salts beyond the root zone. Hence, it is imperative to monitor all of the important water, soil, and salinity drivers of agro-hydro-geological systems to understand the hydro-salinity dynamics and to ensure the long-term sustainability of irrigated viticulture.

Saline water irrigation of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) under Mediterranean conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attila Yazar ◽  
Çigdem Incekaya ◽  
S. Metin Sezen ◽  
Sven-Erik Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Full Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Treatments ◽  
Set Up

Field experiments were set up in order to evaluate the yield response of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd. cv. Titicaca) to irrigation with saline and fresh water under Mediterranean climate from 2010 to 2012 in Adana, Turkey. Irrigation treatments in 2010 and 2011 comprised full irrigation with fresh water, full irrigation with saline water of different salt concentrations (40, 30, 20, 10 dS m–1), deficit irrigations with fresh water (50%, 75% of full irrigation), partial root-zone drying, and deficit irrigation with saline water of 40 dS m–1 (50%). In 2012, in addition to the full irrigation treatments, two deficit irrigation levels of 67% and 33% of full irrigation with fresh or saline (30, 20, 10 dS m–1) water were considered. The results indicated that grain yields were slightly reduced by irrigation water salinity up to 30 dS m–1 compared with fresh water irrigation. Salinity and drought stress together interfered considerably with crop grain and biomass yields. However, salinity stress alone did not interfere with grain and biomass yield significantly; therefore, quinoa may be defined as a crop tolerant to salinity. Yield parameters such as aboveground biomass, seed yield and harvest index suggested a good adaptation of quinoa cv. Titicaca to Mediterranean environments.

scholarly journals Long-term monitoring of deficit irrigation regimes on citrus orchards in Sicily

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Vanella ◽  
Filippo Ferlito ◽  
Biagio Torrisi ◽  
Alessio Giuffrida ◽  
Salvatore Pappalardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
Citrus Orchards ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Term Monitoring

The study aims to identify the responses of citrus orchards (C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck), grown under typical Mediterranean climatic conditions, to deficit irrigation (DI) regimes applied over more than a decade (2010-2020). In particular, the DI regimes were declined at the study site in terms of sustained deficit irrigation, regulated deficit irrigation, partial drying of the root-zone, with increasing severity of the water deficit, from 25% to 50% of the crop evapotranspiration, using surface and sub-surface micro-irrigation techniques. Long-term monitoring was set up for identifying the main processes acting at the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC) level through direct in situ measurements of mass and energy fluxes (i.e., via micrometeorological technique) and the estimation of ETc and transpiration fluxes (i.e., via sap flow method), and the soil-plant-water processes (via geoelectrical techniques). In addition, the main physiological, qualitative, and quantitative parameters were evaluated since the beginning of the experiment. The results of the long-term experiment demonstrated the great adaptability of the crop species to sustain even the highest water reductions without substantial alterations of the main marketable productive and qualitative characteristics, evidencing the importance of controlling the SPAC dynamics for correctly applying the water restriction regimes.

scholarly journals Integrating partial root-zone drying and saline water irrigation to sustain sunflower production in freshwater-scarce regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 ◽  
pp. 106094
Author(s):  
Moazam Khaleghi ◽  
Farzad Hassanpour ◽  
Fatemeh Karandish ◽  
Ali Shahnazari
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Saline Water Irrigation ◽  
Sunflower Production

scholarly journals The Effect of Salinity on the Growth of Lavender Species

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 618
Author(s):  
Angeliki T. Paraskevopoulou ◽  
Anna Kontodaimon Karantzi ◽  
Georgios Liakopoulos ◽  
Paraskevi A. Londra ◽  
Konstantinos Bertsouklis
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Saline Water Irrigation ◽  
Lavandula Stoechas ◽  
Stem Necrosis ◽  
Nursery Crops ◽  
Alternative Water

Long term degradation of water quality from natural resources has led to the use of alternative water resources for irrigation that are saline. Saline water irrigation in floriculture for the production of nursery crops requires an understanding of plant response. The pot growth of four lavender species (Lavandula angustifolia, Lavandula dentata var. dentata, Lavandula dentata var. candicans and Lavandula stoechas) irrigated with water containing different concentrations of NaCl (0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mM) was investigated under greenhouse conditions. Overall results of different plant growth variables were consistent, showing a significant decrease at 100 and 200 mM NaCl. All lavender species showed signs of salinity stress that included chlorosis, followed by leaf and stem necrosis at NaCl concentrations greater than 50 mM. L. dentata var. dentata showed the greatest plant growth followed in descending order by L. dentata var. candicans, L. stoechas and L. angustifolia. Despite greater growth of L. dentata var. dentata, the appearance of L. dentata var. candicans was “healthier”. In areas with saline irrigation water, L. dentata var. dentata and L. dentata var. candicans are proposed for the production of lavender nursery crops.

scholarly journals The effects of drought on the expression of TAO1, NCED and EIL1 genes and ABA content in tomato wild-type and flacca mutant

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 297-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Milosavljevic ◽  
Ljiljana Prokic ◽  
Milena Marjanovic ◽  
Radmila Stikic ◽  
Aneta Sabovljevic
Keyword(s):  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Full Irrigation ◽  
Aba Signaling ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Regulated Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Similar Expression Pattern ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Aba Content

The effects of drought (partial root-zone drying-PRD and regulated deficit irrigation-RDI) and full irrigation (FI) on the expression of ABA biosynthetic genes (TAO1 and NCED), EIL1 gene and ABA content in the leaves of tomato wild-type (WT) and flacca mutant were investigated. Results confirmed differences in the expression of the investigated genes under the investigated treatments, during treatment duration as well as between investigated WT and flacca plants. The most significant differences between WT and flacca were found under PRD treatment. The similar expression pattern of all genes in the WT plants could indicate synergistic signaling pathways for ABA and ethylene. In flacca, reduced NCED and significant EIL1 expression might reflect the increase in ethylene production, which could influence the ABA signaling and production that occurred under PRD. Drought also induced an increase in ABA content that is most expressed in flacca under RDI.

scholarly journals FACTORS INFLUENCING ESTUARY SEDIMENT DISTRIBUTION

1976 ◽  
Vol 1 (15) ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary P. Kendrick ◽  
B.V. Derbyshire
Keyword(s):  
River Flow ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sediment Distribution ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Subsequent Period ◽  
Estuary Sediment

Many factors combine to determine the way in which sediments are distributed throughout an estuary. Most fundamental are those which produce the natural rhythm of diurnal (or semi-diurnal), bi-monthly and seasonal fluctuations due to predictable variations in tide and weather. This group includes tidal discharge, fresh river flow and the resultant distribution of saline water. When considered together with such factors as the availability and properties of sediments within and beyond the landward and seaward limits of an estuary, they determine how the available material shall be eroded, transported and deposited during the course of the natural cycle. Superimposed on these regular fluctuations are the effects of other factors which may or may not be predictable, are not necessarily regular in occurrence and may be either natural or man-made. These include secular trends, such as long-term adjustments in land/sea levels or climatic conditions, which have a small but continuing effect on some of the factors in the first group. They also include sudden, short-term events like earthquakes or hurricanes which impose a shock to the system that may involve the movement of large quantities of material during the subsequent period of readjustment.

scholarly journals Yield Response of Drip-Irrigated Onion under Full and Deficit Irrigation with Saline Water in Arid Regions of Tunisia

ISRN Agronomy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Nagaz ◽  
M. M. Masmoudi ◽  
N. Ben Mechlia
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Full Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Use Efficiency

A two-year study was conducted in arid region of Tunisia to evaluate the effects of deficit irrigation regimes with saline water on soil salinity, yield, and water use efficiency of onion grown in a commercial farm on a sandy soil and drip-irrigated with water having an of 3.6 dS/m. Irrigation treatments consisted in water replacements of accumulated at levels of 100% (SWB-100, full irrigation), 80% (DI-80), 60% (DI-60), when the readily available water in the control treatment (SWB-100) is depleted, deficit irrigation during ripening stage (SWB100-MDI60) and farmer method corresponding to irrigation practices implemented by the local farmers. Results on onion production and soil salinization are globally coherent between the two-year experiments and show significant difference between irrigation regimes. Higher soil salinity was maintained in the root zone with DI-60 and farmer treatments than full irrigation (SWB-100). SWB100-MDI60 and DI-80 treatments resulted also in low values. No significant differences were observed in bulbs fresh and dry yields, bulbs number·ha−1 and weight from the comparison between full irrigation (SWB-100) and deficit treatments (DI-80, SWB100-MDI60). DI-60 irrigation treatment caused significant reductions in the four parameters considered in comparison with SWB-100. The farmer method caused significant reductions in yield components and resulted in increase of water usage 45 and 33% in 2008 and 2009, respectively. Water use efficiency was found to vary significantly among treatments, where the highest and the lowest values were observed for DI-60 and farmer treatments, respectively. The full irrigation (SWB-100) and deficit irrigation (DI-80 and SWB100-MDI60) strategies were found to be a useful practice for scheduling onion irrigation with saline water under the arid Mediterranean conditions of southern Tunisia.

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