scholarly journals Optimization of regenerated bone char for fluoride removal in drinking water: a case study in Tanzania

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Kaseva
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Fluoride Removal ◽  
Bone Char ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
The World

This paper presents findings of a study on optimization and application of the regenerated bone char media for the defluoridation of drinking water in Tanzania where more than 30% of all water sources have fluoride concentrations above the 1.50 mg/l which is recommended by the World Heath Organization (WHO). In this study, regeneration temperature, regeneration duration, contact time, regenerated bone char dosage and particle size were investigated. Results indicate that the highest fluoride removal and adsorption capacity were 70.64% and 0.75 mg-F/g-bc, respectively, for a sample with bone char material that was regenerated at 500°C. In this study the optimum burning duration was found to be 120 min, which resulted in residual fluoride that varied from a maximum value of 17.43 mg/l for a 2 min contact time to a minimum value of 8.53 mg/l for a contact time of 180 min. This study further indicated that the smallest size of regenerated bone char media (0.5–1.0 mm diameter) had the highest defluoridation capacity, with residual fluoride which varied from 17.82 mg/l at 2 min contact time to 11.26 mg/l at 120 min contact time. In terms of dosage of the regenerated bone char media it was established that the optimum dosage was 25 g of bone char media with a grain size of 0.50–1.0 mm. This had a fluoride removal capacity of 0.55 mg-F/g-BC. Column filter experiments indicated that regenerated bone media is capable of removing fluoride from dinking water to meet both WHO and Tanzania recommended values.

scholarly journals Novel Lanthanum Doped Magnetic Teff Straw Biochar Nanocomposite and Optimization Its Efficacy of Defluoridation of Groundwater Using RSM: A Case Study of Hawassa City, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Temesgen Abeto Amibo ◽  
Surafel Mustafa Beyan ◽  
Tsegaye Markos Damite
Keyword(s):  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Ligand Exchange ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Fluoride Removal ◽  
Fluoride Ions ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Mathematical Process

The problem extent of the large concentration of fluoride ions in drinking water is still a central health issue. In the present study, lanthanum doped magnetic Teff straw biochar (LDMTSB) was developed as a novel adsorbent for removing fluoride ions in the groundwater in Rift-Valley regions, especially Hawassa city, Ethiopia. The synthesized LDMTBC was characterized via FTIR, XRD, SEM, and BET. And, this analysis proposed that multiadsorption techniques such as ligand exchange, precipitations, and electrostatic interaction could be evinced throughout the fluoride ions adsorption process by LDMTSB. The constraints that influence the adsorption efficacy, namely, a dosage of LDMTSB, contact time, pH of the solution, and rotational speed, were analyzed and optimized using the response surface methodology approach. Under the optimum situations, LDMTSB dosage: 3.97 g, contact time: 56.36 min, rotational speed: 591.19 rpm, and pH: 3.968 demonstrate high efficacy of LDMTSB with 98.89% fluoride removal capacity. Further, the quadratic model (R2 = 0.9841) was designated for governing the mathematical process. The LDMTSB was successful in the removal of fluoride ions in the groundwater. This study provides a valuable economical solution for the application of Teff straw.

Chemically activated cow bone for increased fluoride removal from drinking water

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teshome L. Yami ◽  
Elizabeth C. Butler ◽  
David A. Sabatini
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Thermal Activation ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Unit Mass ◽  
Fluoride Removal ◽  
Bone Char ◽  
Fluoride Adsorption ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Cow Bone

Thermally activated cow bone is widely utilized for treating fluoride impacted drinking water to meet the World Health Organization guideline value of 1.5 mg/L. However, the fluoride removal capacity of bone char is low, leaving room for further improvement. This study, therefore, strives to improve the fluoride adsorption capacity of cow bone by using chemical activation in place of thermal activation. Chemically activated cow bones (CABs) had, on average, a four-fold higher fluoride adsorption capacity than bone char. Characterization of the most effective CAB were made to explore potential reasons for the increased fluoride adsorption capacity. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the CAB showed formation of bassanite and monetite minerals which may be responsible for the higher fluoride adsorption capacity. Chemical activation is also a lower-cost production process than the thermal activation of cow bone. Further, a higher mass of media was recovered per unit mass of starting material during chemical activation. Therefore, this research shows that increased fluoride removal capacity can be achieved with chemical activation of cow bone while reducing activation costs and greatly increasing product yield per unit mass of starting material, all of which support further evaluation and field testing of this material.

Adsorption of fluoride from aqueous solution using low cost adsorbent

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Buamah ◽  
R. Asare Mensah ◽  
A. Salifu
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Fluoride Removal ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Removal Technologies ◽  
High Aluminium ◽  
Model Water

High fluoride levels beyond the recommended value of 1.5 mg/L have been detected in several groundwater wells in Northern Ghana. This occurrence has led to the capping of many high yielding wells that hitherto have been major sources of drinking water for the populace in these arid areas. Most of the fluoride removal technologies applied in the area has not been versatile in effectively removing fluoride because of the varying water qualities. This study focused on screening adsorbents including high aluminium or iron containing bauxite ores, fabricated zeolite and activated Neem seeds for removal of fluoride from drinking water. The model water used was prepared by simulating the prevailing groundwater quality in Northern Ghana. The high aluminium bauxite ore (HABO) had the highest fluoride removal capacity. Within the pH range tested (5–7), the fluoride removal decreased with increasing pH. Occurrence of sulfate, chloride and nitrate in the model water reduced the fluoride removal capacity by 57, 24 and 38% respectively. The combined effect of these anions showed a 60% reduction in the fluoride removal capacity. The Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms gave an adsorption capacity (K) of 0.90 mg/g for the HABO. The adsorption kinetics fitted well the pseudo second-order kinetic model. The HABO is thermally stable and has kaolinite [Al2Si2O5(OH)5] and gibbsite [Al(OH)3] as its major components. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) results showed Al, Fe, Ti, O, C and Si as the predominant elements in the HABO.

Ammonium nitrogen removal from anaerobically digested effluent of swine wastewater using local sand

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Zheng ◽  
L.W. Deng ◽  
N.N. Liu ◽  
H. Yang ◽  
Y. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Langmuir Equation ◽  
Swine Wastewater ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
High Adsorption ◽  
Removal Capacity

A type of sand selected in Sichuan, China was identified with high adsorption capacity to ammonium nitrogen. The effects of contact time, initial ammonium concentration and particle size on the sand for removing ammonium from digested effluent of swine wastewater were investigated using a static shaker experiment. Results showed that the optimum contact time for sand to adsorb ammonium was 150 min. As initial ammonium concentration increased, the removal capacity of the sand increased, but the removal efficiency decreased. The adsorbed ammonium increased as the particle size decreased. At ammonium concentrations ranging from 27 0 to 553 mg L-1, the maximum ammonium adsorption capacity of the sand was approximately 0 77 mg g-1 according to the Langmuir equation. Based on these findings, the use of this local sand as an adsorption media for ammonium nitrogen removal from digested effluent of swine wastewater is feasible.

Using Pilot-Scale Investigations to Estimate the Remaining Geosmin and MIB Removal Capacity of Full-Scale GAC-Capped Drinking Water Filters

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souleymane Ndiongue ◽  
William B. Anderson ◽  
Abhay Tadwalkar ◽  
John Rudnickas ◽  
Margaret Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
The City ◽  
Water Filters ◽  
Pilot Tests

Abstract Pilot tests were conducted to investigate the removal of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) by new and semi-exhausted granular activated carbon (GAC) extracted from full-scale filters located in the City of Toronto's drinking water treatment facilities. Four pilot filters containing core-sampled GAC and new sand were fed with settled water from a full-scale plant and operated under conditions similar to those employed at full-scale. None of the pilot filters appeared to be capable of reducing geosmin and MIB concentrations to below the commonly cited threshold odour limits of 4 ng/L for geosmin and 9 ng/L for MIB at the influent levels tested. When operated at a 5-min empty bed contact time (EBCT) with geosmin influent concentrations in the range of about 70 to 110 ng/L, removals ranged from 10 to 38% in filters with 25 to 30 cm of used GAC. In the filter with 25 cm of new GAC, removal was 83%. When operated with a 7.5-min EBCT, the filter containing 95 cm of used bituminous GAC removed 78% of the geosmin present in the influent. For both geosmin and MIB, the effluent concentration and the amount removed increased as influent concentration increased, as was expected. In general, geosmin was better removed than MIB.

Fluoride removal from drinking water in Senegal: laboratory and pilot experimentation on bone char-based treatment

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Sorlini ◽  
Daniela Palazzini ◽  
Carlo Collivignarelli
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fluoride Removal ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Bone Char

In Senegal there are four regions where fluoride concentration in drinking water exceeds the World Health Organization guide value of 1.5 mg/L. This generates permanent damages to the teeth (dental fluorosis) and to the skeleton (skeletal fluorosis). A safe, efficient, simple and low-cost effective defluoridation technique is not available yet and needs to be developed in order to prevent the occurrence of fluorosis. This experimental research was carried out in order to define an appropriate technology for fluoride removal from groundwater in Senegal. Batch tests and filtration tests at laboratory and pilot scale were carried out using animal bone char as adsorbent material for fluoride removal. Possible influencing parameters, such as specific ions in Senegalese drinking water, were investigated and the best process conditions were defined for the application in Senegal. The results attest to the efficacy of bone char in removing fluoride from Senegalese water: at pilot scale the mean specific adsorption was 2.7 mg F−/g of bone char, corresponding to a total treated volume of 4,000 L and a filter life of nearly three months.

scholarly journals Fluoride Contamination in Drinking Water in Sri Lanka and Fluoride Removal by Using Chicken Bone Char

2012 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. III_517-III_523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayuri MOTOYAMA ◽  
Tomonori KAWAKAMI ◽  
S. K. WERAGODA ◽  
Koji OKUGAWA ◽  
Yuka SERIKAWA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Fluoride Removal ◽  
Bone Char ◽  
Fluoride Contamination ◽  
Chicken Bone

Bone Char from an Invasive Aquatic Specie as a Green Adsorbent for Fluoride Removal in Drinking Water

2021 ◽  
Vol 232 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Armando Cruz-Briano ◽  
Nahum Andrés Medellín-Castillo ◽  
Arturo Torres-Dosal ◽  
Roberto Leyva-Ramos ◽  
Juan Carlos Moreno-Piraján ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Fluoride Removal ◽  
Bone Char ◽  
Green Adsorbent

Removal of Fluoride from Drinking Water by Gel Composite of Metal Ion and Humic Acid Adsorbent

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 695-699
Author(s):  
Li Hong ◽  
Si Xiang Wang ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Yue Chun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Fluoride Removal ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Adsorption Method ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Fluoride Adsorption

Humic acid adsorbent modified with metal ions was prepared by gel polymerization and named gel composite of metal ion and humic acid, which abbreviated GCMH to uptake fluoride from drinking water. The samples were measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. Fluoride adsorption onto the synthesized samples was investigated by batch adsorption method. In previous works, detailed studies were carried out to investigate the effect of contact time, adsorbent dose, initial solution pH, temperatures and co-existing anions. The maximum fluoride removal was obtained at pH7. Presence of HCO3− adversely affected the adsorption of fluoride. The optimum absorption conditions were at the dose of 10g/L, temperature of water of 55°Cand contact time of 6hs.

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