Adsorption of fluoride from aqueous solution using low cost adsorbent

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Buamah ◽  
R. Asare Mensah ◽  
A. Salifu
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Fluoride Removal ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Removal Technologies ◽  
High Aluminium ◽  
Model Water

High fluoride levels beyond the recommended value of 1.5 mg/L have been detected in several groundwater wells in Northern Ghana. This occurrence has led to the capping of many high yielding wells that hitherto have been major sources of drinking water for the populace in these arid areas. Most of the fluoride removal technologies applied in the area has not been versatile in effectively removing fluoride because of the varying water qualities. This study focused on screening adsorbents including high aluminium or iron containing bauxite ores, fabricated zeolite and activated Neem seeds for removal of fluoride from drinking water. The model water used was prepared by simulating the prevailing groundwater quality in Northern Ghana. The high aluminium bauxite ore (HABO) had the highest fluoride removal capacity. Within the pH range tested (5–7), the fluoride removal decreased with increasing pH. Occurrence of sulfate, chloride and nitrate in the model water reduced the fluoride removal capacity by 57, 24 and 38% respectively. The combined effect of these anions showed a 60% reduction in the fluoride removal capacity. The Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms gave an adsorption capacity (K) of 0.90 mg/g for the HABO. The adsorption kinetics fitted well the pseudo second-order kinetic model. The HABO is thermally stable and has kaolinite [Al2Si2O5(OH)5] and gibbsite [Al(OH)3] as its major components. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) results showed Al, Fe, Ti, O, C and Si as the predominant elements in the HABO.

scholarly journals Removal Efficiency and Mechanism of Cr(VI) from Aqueous Solution by Maize Straw Biochars Derived at Different Pyrolysis Temperatures

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Lv
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Maize Straw ◽  
Efficient Adsorbent ◽  
Positively Charged ◽  
Maximum Removal

The removal efficiency and mechanism of Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution on semi-decomposed maize straw biochars pyrolyzed at 300 to 600 °C were investigated. The removal of Cr(VI) by the biochars decreased with pyrolysis temperature increasing from 300 to 600 °C, and the maximum removal capacity of Cr(VI) for maize straw biochar pyrolyzed at 300 °C was 91 mg/g at pH 2.0. The percentage removal of Cr(VI) rapidly decreased with pH increasing from 2.0 to 8.0, with the maximum (>99.9%) at pH 2.0. The variation of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) concentrations in the solution after reaction showed that Cr(VI) concentration decreased while Cr(III) increased and the equilibrium was reached after 48 h, while the redox potential after reaction decreased due to Cr(VI) reduction. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) semi-quantitative analysis showed that Cr(III) accounted for 75.7% of the total Cr bound to maize straw biochar, which indicated reductive adsorption was responsible for Cr(VI) removal by the biochars. Cr(VI) was firstly adsorbed onto the positively charged biochar surface and reduced to Cr(III) by electrons provided by oxygen-containing functional groups (e.g., C=O), and subsequently part of the converted Cr(III) remained on the biochar surface and the rest released into solution. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) data indicated the participation of C=O, Si–O, –CH2 and –CH3 groups in Cr(VI) removal by the biochars. This study showed that maize straw biochar pyrolyzed at 300 °C for 2 h was one low-cost and efficient adsorbent for Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution.

scholarly journals Amine-modified silica for removing aspirin from water

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Danil de Namor ◽  
M. Al Nuaim ◽  
G. Fairclough ◽  
R. Khalife ◽  
N. Al Hakawati
Keyword(s):  
Functional Group ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hydrogen Bond Formation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structural Characterisation ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Oxygen Donor ◽  
Maximum Extraction ◽  
Ftir Spectrometry ◽  
Industrial Use

AbstractThe synthesis and structural characterisation (Fourier transform infrared, FTIR spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, SEM and energy-dispersive X-ray, EDX) of amino-modified silicates (unloaded L1, and aspirin-loaded, L2) are reported. The optimal conditions for the extraction of aspirin from water by the modified silicate material were determined as a function of the mass of the extracting agent and the pH of the aqueous solution. The optimum mass was found to be 0.08–0.10 g with 99.9% removal of aspirin. Maximum extraction of aspirin by the material was observed at pH 4. The kinetics, the removal capacity of the material, as well as its recycling, were investigated. The results indicate that (i) the process is fast and (ii) the removal capacity for the drug is greater than that of previously reported materials and (iii)the modified silicate can be easily recycled. These data along with the low cost involved in the production of the material led to the conclusion that the modified silicate has the required potential for industrial use. Molecular simulation calculations suggest that one unit of aspirin interacts with one unit of the modified silicate L1 through hydrogen bond formation between the amine functional group of the silicate and the oxygen donor atoms of aspirin. Final conclusions are given.

Fluoride removal from aqueous solution by Ca-pretreated macrophyte biomass

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Miretzky ◽  
Carolina Muñoz ◽  
Alejandro Carrillo-Chávez
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Fluoride Removal ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Macrophyte Biomass

Environmental context. Fluoride concentrations in drinking water above 1.5 mg L–1 may be detrimental to human health. Many methods have been developed for removing excessive fluoride from drinking water. The use of an aquatic macrophyte biomass (Eleocharis acicularis) pretreated with Ca2+, a low-cost natural material, could be a technique for rural populations in developing countries that cannot afford treated or bottled water for daily consumption. Abstract. The use of an aquatic macrophyte biomass (Eleocharis acicularis) pretreated with Ca2+ as a low-cost natural material for the removal of fluoride from aqueous solution was studied. Batch experiments were carried out to determine fluoride sorption capacity and the efficiency of the sorption process under different pH, initial F– and macrophyte biomass doses. The experimental data showed good fitting to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The maximum F adsorption capacity was 0.110 mmol g–1 with an efficiency of 64.5% (pH 6.0; 5.0 g L–1 Ca-pretreated biomass). The binding of Ca2+ to the biomass increased the removal efficiency over 100%. The F– removal kinetics were rapid, less than 30 min, and best described by the pseudo-second order rate model. The rate constant, the initial sorption rate and the equilibrium sorption capacity were determined. These results may be useful for deprived rural population water supply schemes in Mexico and in other developing countries.

Fluoride removal from drinking water in Senegal: laboratory and pilot experimentation on bone char-based treatment

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Sorlini ◽  
Daniela Palazzini ◽  
Carlo Collivignarelli
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fluoride Removal ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Bone Char

In Senegal there are four regions where fluoride concentration in drinking water exceeds the World Health Organization guide value of 1.5 mg/L. This generates permanent damages to the teeth (dental fluorosis) and to the skeleton (skeletal fluorosis). A safe, efficient, simple and low-cost effective defluoridation technique is not available yet and needs to be developed in order to prevent the occurrence of fluorosis. This experimental research was carried out in order to define an appropriate technology for fluoride removal from groundwater in Senegal. Batch tests and filtration tests at laboratory and pilot scale were carried out using animal bone char as adsorbent material for fluoride removal. Possible influencing parameters, such as specific ions in Senegalese drinking water, were investigated and the best process conditions were defined for the application in Senegal. The results attest to the efficacy of bone char in removing fluoride from Senegalese water: at pilot scale the mean specific adsorption was 2.7 mg F−/g of bone char, corresponding to a total treated volume of 4,000 L and a filter life of nearly three months.

scholarly journals Mangosteen Peel-Alginate Biocomposite Beads An Efficient and Sustainable Adsorbent For Decontamination of Methylene Blue

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Nasrullah ◽  
Amir Sada Khan ◽  
A. H. Bhat ◽  
Taghreed M. Fagieh ◽  
Ersaa M. Bakhsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Alginate Beads ◽  
Basic Medium ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Best Fit

Abstract This study examines mangosteen peels waste and alginate beads (MPAB) as an efficient, sustainable and low-cost adsorbent for removal of methylene blue (MB) cationic dye from aqueous solution in a batch adsorption system. Surface functional groups, surface morphology, surface properties, and thermal stability of MBAB were analyzed using various instrumental techniques such as FTIR, FESEM, BET and TGA techniques. MPAB adsorption efficiency for MB was investigated through variation of dosage (0.01- 0.08g), pH (2- 10), contact time (60- 1320 min), MB concentration (20- 100 mg/L) and temperature (298- 333K). MPAB showed maximum removal capacity of 373 mg/g at 25 oC in basic medium. Kinetic and isotherm studies showed that pseudo second order kinetic models and both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms best fit the experimental data. The findings revealed that novel MPAB has the potential to be a cost-effective adsorbent for removal of textile dyes.

scholarly journals A Simple Low-Cost Method to Prepare Lignocellulose-Based Composites for Efficient Removal of Cd(II) from Wastewater

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Wen ◽  
Yong Ji ◽  
Shifeng Zhang ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Gaotang Cai
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Particle Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Secondary Reactions ◽  
Green Separation ◽  
Surface Modified

The fabrication of functional lignocellulose-based materials has drawn considerable attention because it acts as a green separation/absorption material owing to its multi-porous mesostructure. In this study, a surface functionalized lignocellulose-based adsorbent for the highly efficient capture of Cd(II) ions was prepared through facile in situ co-deposition of wood waste-derived saw powder (SP) in the presence of tannic acid (TA) and aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) mixed aqueous solution. The SP was first modified using TA-APTES coating to synthesize the functional SP substrate (SP-(TA-APTES)). The SP-(TA-APTES) hybrids served as reactive platforms, which enabled further decoration with amino-rich polyethylenimine (PEI) due to the outstanding secondary reactions of the TA-APTES layer. The surface morphology of the resulting SP-(TA-APTES)-PEI (SP-TAPI) composites were investigated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Significantly, the combined advantages of the lignocellulosic skeleton, the layer-particle structure, and the hybrid coating contributed to the enhanced adsorption capacity of Cd(II) (up to 22.66 mg/g at pH = 5.0). This removal capacity was higher than that of most reported agricultural waste-based or lignocellulose-based materials. The Cd(II) adsorption mechanism of the surface-modified SP-TAPI composites was studied in detail. These results provide new insights into the high value-added utilization of agricultural waste for water purification applications.

scholarly journals Mg-Al Mixed Oxide Adsorbent Synthesized Using FCT Template for Fluoride Removal from Drinking Water

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jifa Liu ◽  
Ping Zhao ◽  
Yue Xu ◽  
Xibin Jia
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Mixed Oxide ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Fluoride Removal ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fluoride Adsorption

To make full use of natural waste, a novel Mg-Al mixed oxide adsorbent was synthesized by the dip-calcination method using the fluff of the chinar tree (FCT) and an Mg(II) and Al(III) chloride solution as raw materials. The adsorbents were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The effects of the Mg/Al molar ratio and calcination temperature on the performance of the novel Mg-Al mixed oxide adsorbent were investigated. The optimized Mg-Al mixed oxide adsorbent had a Langmuir adsorption capacity of 53 mg/g. This adsorption capacity was higher than that of the separate Mg oxide and Al oxide. The synergy between Mg and Al is beneficial to the adsorption performance of the material. The fluoride adsorption capacity of the optimized Mg-Al mixed oxide adsorbent is only slightly affected by ions such as Cl−, NO3−, SO42−, Na+, and K+and is excellent for use in recycling and real water. The hydroxyl groups on the surface of the Mg-Al mixed oxide adsorbent play a key role in the adsorption of fluorine. The as-obtained novel Mg-Al mixed oxide adsorbent is an efficient and environmentally friendly agent for fluoride removal from drinking water.

scholarly journals Steel slag as low-cost adsorbent for the removal of phenanthrene and naphthalene

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 1160-1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liyun Yang ◽  
Xiaoming Qian ◽  
Zhi Wang ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
Hao Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Langmuir Isotherm Model

This study investigates the removal effectiveness and characteristics of phenanthrene and naphthalene using low-cost steel slag with batch experiments. The adsorption characteristics of steel slag were measured and analysed using X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The batch experiments investigated the effect of the time gradient, pH, and steel slag dosage gradient on the adsorption of the steel slag. The results show that with time and dosage of steel slag increased, the adsorption capacity of phenanthrene and naphthalene increased and gradually became balanced, but pH had no obvious effect on the adsorption of phenanthrene and naphthalene. The Langmuir isotherm model best describes the phenanthrene and naphthalene removal by the steel slag, which shows the adsorption occurring in a monolayer. The maximum adsorption capacity of the steel slag to phenanthrene and naphthalene is 0.043 and 0.041 mg/g, respectively. A pseudo-first-order kinetic model can better represent the adsorption of phenanthrene and naphthalene by steel slag. The research demonstrates that the steel slag has a certain adsorption capacity for phenanthrene and naphthalene.

scholarly journals Removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions using Acacia Nilotica seed shell ash supported Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farshad Omidvar-Hosseini ◽  
Farid Moeinpour
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Acacia Nilotica ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Monolayer Adsorption ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

Acacia Nilotica seed shell ash supported Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized by a low-cost, simple, and environmentally benign procedure. The adsorbent was characterized by several methods including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Then, the potential of Acacia Nilotica seed shell ash supported Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles was investigated for adsorption of Pb(II). The effect of different parameters including contact time, pH, adsorbent dosage and initial Pb(II) concentration on the Pb(II) removal yield was studied. The experimental data were fitted well with the pseudo-second order kinetic model (R2 = 0.999). The adsorption isotherm was described well by the Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.900) with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 37.6 mg g–1. The process for purifying water treatment presented here is easy using the magnetic nanoparticles. Therefore, this adsorbent was found to be useful and valuable for controlling water pollution due to Pb(II) ions.

Defluoridation of Algerian Drinking Water by Precipitation and Adsorption Methods

2014 ◽  
Vol 641-642 ◽  
pp. 365-370
Author(s):  
Samia Achour ◽  
Leila Youcef
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fluoride Removal ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Activated Bentonite ◽  
Western Algeria ◽  
The One

The aim of the study was to investigate performance of precipitation and adsorption methods in removing excessive fluoride from water samples collected from Algerian North-Eastern Sahara. Defluoridation processes were conducted using one the one hand lime and on the other hand a raw and activated bentonite from western Algeria. Results showed that high lime dosage was needed to achieve treatment but the presence of high levels of magnesium was beneficial for the defluoridation. Activated bentonite had higher fluoride removal capacity than raw bentonite and resulted in residual fluoride concentrations well within recommended standards. Both defluoridation methods were dependent on inorganic quality of tested waters.

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