scholarly journals The health-related microbiological quality of bottled drinking water sold in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel R. Kassenga
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Faecal Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria

The consumption of bottled and plastic-bagged drinking water in Tanzania has increased largely because of the deteriorating quality of tap water. It is uncertain whether these water products are safe for drinking. In this study, the microbiological quality of bottled and plastic-bagged drinking water sold in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, was investigated. One hundred and thirty samples representing 13 brands of bottled water collected from shops, supermarkets and street vendors were analysed for total coliform and faecal coliform organisms as well as heterotrophic bacteria. These were compared with 61 samples of tap water. Heterotrophic bacteria were detected in 92% of the bottled water samples analysed. Total and faecal coliform bacteria were present in 4.6% and 3.6%, respectively, of samples analysed with a tendency for higher contamination rates in plastic-bagged drinking water. Microbiological quality of tap water was found to be worse compared with bottled water, with 49.2% and 26.2% of sampling points showing the presence of total coliform and faecal coliform organisms, respectively. The results suggest caution and vigilance to avert outbreaks of waterborne diseases from these types of drinking water.

scholarly journals Microbial assessment of bottled drinking water of Kathmandu valley

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Timilshina ◽  
I Dahal ◽  
B Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
Cross Sectional

INTRODUCTION: Due to increased demand and consumption of bottled water in Kathmandu valley, there has been a growing concern about the microbiological quality of this product. The objective of this study was to assess the microbial contamination of heterotrophs and total coliform. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross sectional study was done in randomly selected 30 different commercial brand of bottled water available in commercial market of Kathmandu valley, Nepal. Total coliform and heterotrophic bacteria were enumerated by the membrane filtration and spread plate technique, respectively. RESULTS: Nineteen samples (63.3%) showed the heterotrophic bacterial count above the acceptable range (i.e. <50 cfu/ml) and 56.6% (n=17) samples showed the total coliforms count crossed the WHO guidelines (i.e. 0 cfu/ml). 83.3% (n=25) brands of bottled water were not safe for drinking as they exceed the heterotrophic and/or total coliform count above the WHO guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of heterotrophs and the coliform in the bottled water is a serious concern for public health. Concerned authority should prioritize this issue and continuously monitor the quality of mushrooming bottled water manufacturers in Kathmandu valley to provide safe drinking water to the population. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v1i2.7399 Int J Infect Microbiol 2012;1(1):84-86

scholarly journals Bacterial Contamination of Drinking Water in Guadalajara, Mexico

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Rubino ◽  
Yahaira Corona ◽  
José Guadalupe Jiménez Pérez ◽  
Charlotte D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Chlorine Residual ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Regulatory Limits ◽  
Access To Water

In many regions where drinking water supply is intermittent and unreliable, households adapt by storing water in cisterns or rooftop tanks. Both intermittent supply and stored water can be vulnerable to contamination by microorganisms with deleterious health effects. The Guadalajara Metropolitan Area is a rapidly growing urban center with over five million residents where household storage is nearly ubiquitous. This pilot study was conducted in July 2018 to examine the microbiological quality of drinking water in Guadalajara. Samples were tested for free available chlorine residual, total coliform bacteria, and E. coli. A survey on access to water and public perspectives was also conducted. Water exiting rooftop tanks exceeded regulatory limits for total coliform levels in half of the homes studied. Piped water arriving at two homes had total coliform levels that far exceeded regulatory limits. No E. coli were detected in any of the samples. Only 35% of homes had a chlorine residual between the recommended 0.2 and 1.5 mg/L. Many homes reported unpleasant odors and colors. Only 7% of residents drank the piped water. Future studies are needed, especially during April and May when many homes reported a higher disruption to water service.

scholarly journals Bacterial Contamination of Drinking Water in Guadalajara, Mexico

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Rubino ◽  
Yahaira Corona ◽  
José Guadalupe Jiménez Pérez ◽  
Charlotte Smith
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Chlorine Residual ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Regulatory Limits ◽  
Access To Water

In many regions where drinking water supply is intermittent and unreliable, households adapt by storing water in cisterns or rooftop tanks. Both intermittent supply and stored water can be vulnerable to contamination by microorganisms with deleterious health effects. The Metropolitan Zone of Guadalajara is a rapidly growing urban center with over five million residents where household storage is nearly ubiquitous. This pilot study was conducted in July 2018 to examine the microbiological quality of drinking water in Guadalajara. Samples were tested for free available chlorine residual, total coliform bacteria, and Escherichia coli. A survey on access to water and public perspectives was also conducted. Water exiting rooftop tanks exceeded regulatory limits for total coliform levels in half of the homes studied. Piped water arriving at two homes had total coliform levels that far exceeded regulatory limits. No E. coli were detected in any of the samples. Only 35% of homes had a chlorine residual between the recommended 0.2 and 1.5 mg/L. Many homes reported unpleasant odors and colors. Only 7% of residents drank the piped water. Future studies are needed, especially during April and May when many homes reported a higher disruption to water service.

scholarly journals Bacterial Contamination of Drinking Water in Guadalajara, Mexico

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Rubino ◽  
Yahaira Corona ◽  
José Guadalupe Jiménez Pérez ◽  
Charlotte Smith
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Chlorine Residual ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Regulatory Limits ◽  
Access To Water

In many regions where drinking water supply is intermittent and unreliable, households adapt by storing water in cisterns or rooftop tanks. Both intermittent supply and stored water can be vulnerable to contamination by microorganisms with deleterious health effects. The Guadalajara Metropolitan Area is a rapidly growing urban center with over five million residents where household storage is nearly ubiquitous. This pilot study was conducted in July 2018 to examine the microbiological quality of drinking water in Guadalajara. Samples were tested for free available chlorine residual, total coliform bacteria, and E. coli. A survey on access to water and public perspectives was also conducted. Water exiting rooftop tanks exceeded regulatory limits for total coliform levels in half of the homes studied. Piped water arriving at two homes had total coliform levels that far exceeded regulatory limits. No E. coli were detected in any of the samples. Only 35% of homes had a chlorine residual between the recommended 0.2 and 1.5 mg/L. Many homes reported unpleasant odors and colors. Only 7% of residents drank the piped water. Future studies are needed, especially during April and May when many homes reported a higher disruption to water service.

scholarly journals Drinking Water Quality of Kathmandu Valley

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neel Kamal Koju ◽  
Tista Prasai ◽  
Sujen Man Shrestha ◽  
Prakash Raut
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Who Standards

This research was conducted to analyze drinking water quality of Kathmandu valley. Total 969 water samples (392 from dug wells, 287 from deep boring, 218 from treated water, 46 from tap and 26 from other water sources) received from different places of Kathmandu, Lalitpur and Bhaktapur districts during March 2012 to March 2013. These samples were analyzed for the determination of physical (pH, temperature, conductivity, turbidity), chemical (hardness, chloride, iron, arsenic, ammonia, nitrate) and microbiological (total Coliform) parameters. It was found that the temperature and nitrate were within the WHO standards while pH, conductivity, turbidity, chloride, iron, arsenic, ammonia, and Coliform bacteria exceeded the WHO standard guideline. In ground water ( well and Boring), pH, conductivity, hardness, turbidity, iron, arsenic, chloride, ammonia and total Coliform count crossed WHO standards as 5%, 2%, 0.8%, 36%, 51%, 0.1%, 2%, 11% and 86 % respectively. Hardness was within the standard in both  reated and tap water samples. Compared to treated water, pH, arsenic and chloride were within the standard in tap water. The common problematic parameters of different sources of drinking were turbidity, iron, ammonia and conductivity. Coliform bacteria were found in 36% samples of treated water whereas 80% tap water samples were contaminated from Coliform bacteria.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v15i1.12027Nepal Journal of Science and TechnologyVol. 15, No.1 (2014) 115-120

scholarly journals Bacteriological Evaluation of Bottled Water Commercially Available in Eastern Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rojina Rai ◽  
Bindiya Kumal ◽  
Devina Rai ◽  
Arun Keshari ◽  
Rima Bhandari
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Cross Sectional

The demand for bottled water is high in these days and it has been a growing concern about the microbiological quality of such processed water. The objective of this study was to assess the heterotrophic contamination and total coliform. This cross-sectional study was carried out in randomly selected 24 different commercial brands of bottled water available in the commercial market of the eastern region of Nepal. Total coliform and heterotrophic bacteria were enumerated by the membrane filtration and spread plate technique, respectively. Among 24 water sample processed, 62.5% (n=15) samples showed the heterotrophic bacterial count above the acceptable range (<50 CFU/0.1ml) and 75% (n=18) samples showed the total coliform count crossed the WHO guidelines (0 CFU/ml) and not acceptable for drinking. E. Coli was detected in 54.2% of water samples and Enterobacters aerogenes(45.8%), Enterococcus fecalis(20.8%), Pseudomonas sps (20.8%), Bacillus species (16.6%) and Staphylococcus aereus (4.2%) were also detected from different samples. Only 25% of bottled water was acceptable for drinking purpose. The presence of heterotrophs and the coliform in the bottled water is a serious concern for public health. Concerned authority should prioritize this issue and continuously monitor the quality of available bottled water manufacturers in the eastern region to provide safe drinking water to the population.Sunsari Technical College Journal 2015, 2(1):54-57

scholarly journals Bacteriological and Physical Quality of Locally Packaged Drinking Water in Kampala, Uganda

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Ali Halage ◽  
Charles Ssemugabo ◽  
David K. Ssemwanga ◽  
David Musoke ◽  
Richard K. Mugambe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Faecal Coliform ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sachet Water

Objective. To assess the bacteriological and physical quality of locally packaged drinking water sold for public consumption.Methods. This was cross-sectional study where a total of 60 samples of bottled water from 10 brands and 30 samples of sachet water from 15 brands purchased randomly were analyzed for bacteriological contamination (total coliform and faecal coliform per 100 mL) using membrane filtrate method and reported in terms of cfu/100 mL.Results. Both bottled water and sachet water were not contaminated with faecal coliform. Majority (70%, 21/30) of the sachet water analyzed exceeded acceptable limits of 0 total coliforms per 100 mL set by WHO and the national drinking water standards. The physical quality (turbidity and pH) of all the packaged water brands analyzed was within the acceptable limits. There was statistically significant difference between the median count of total coliform in both sachet water and bottled water brands (U(24)=37.0,p=0.027).Conclusion. Both bottled water and sachet water were not contaminated with faecal coliforms; majority of sachet water was contaminated with total coliform above acceptable limits. Government and other stakeholders should consider intensifying surveillance activities and enforcing strict hygienic measures in this rapidly expanding industry to improve packaged water quality.

scholarly journals Degradation of Bacterial Water Quality in Drinking Water after Bottling

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-83
Author(s):  
Ali Shahryari ◽  
Charlotte D. Smith ◽  
Abolfazl Amini
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Storage Duration

Background: The consumption of bottled water globally, including Iran, has increased tremendously in recent years. This study was designed to assess the bacteriological quality of bottled water and its compliance with the drinking water regulations. In addition, we evaluated bottled waters for the presence of a variety of genera of bacteria and the effect of storage duration on the extent of bacterial contamination. Methods: Four hundred samples of bottled water belonging to ten different Iranian brands with various production dates were purchased from supermarkets in Gorgan, Iran, from 2017 to 2018. Bacterial quality of bottled water was assessed using heterotrophic plate count (HPC) followed by usual biochemical tests for identification of bacterial genera, and by the API system. Results: The average HPC of bottled water was 9974 colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/ml). Twelve genera were isolated, among which Bacillus spp. and Escherichia coli were the most and least abundant, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that there was a positive association between water quality and storage duration so that the highest microbial load occurred within the first to third months after bottling. Furthermore, the highest rate of contamination was observed in May when ambient air temperatures commonly reached 40 °C. Conclusion: The bacterial quality of bottled water was not according to the standard of drinking water quality. This study demonstrated the variation in bacterial levels after bottling, which indicates the presence of waterborne heterotrophic bacteria, some of which can pose severe health risks to consumers.

scholarly journals Enumeration of Total and Faecal Coliform Bacteria in Drinking Water of Khairpur City

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Hussain Shar ◽  
Yasmeen F Kazi ◽  
Miandad Zardari ◽  
Irshad Hussain Soomro
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Faecal Coliform ◽  
World Health ◽  
Source Distribution ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Health Organization

Total coliform (TC) and faecal coliform (FC) bacteria were analyzed in drinking water of Khairpur city. Ninty samples were collected from main reservoir (source), distribution line and consumer taps. pH and residual chlorine of water samples were also determined. For bacteriological analysis inductively membrane filtration (MF) method was used for total coliform (TC) as well as faecal (FC) coliform bacteria. All samples were found contaminated with total coliform (TC) and faecal coliform (FC) and the counts were higher than the maximum microbial contaminant level (MMCL) established by World Health Organization (WHO). It was observed that pH was within the limits of WHO standard (6.5-8.5). The residual chlorine was not detected in any sample of drinking water. Bacteriologically the water quality of the drinking water is unsatisfactory.Keywords: Coliform, Escherichia coli, Water quality, Contamination, SanitationDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v24i2.1266

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