scholarly journals Degradation of Bacterial Water Quality in Drinking Water after Bottling

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-83
Author(s):  
Ali Shahryari ◽  
Charlotte D. Smith ◽  
Abolfazl Amini
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Storage Duration

Background: The consumption of bottled water globally, including Iran, has increased tremendously in recent years. This study was designed to assess the bacteriological quality of bottled water and its compliance with the drinking water regulations. In addition, we evaluated bottled waters for the presence of a variety of genera of bacteria and the effect of storage duration on the extent of bacterial contamination. Methods: Four hundred samples of bottled water belonging to ten different Iranian brands with various production dates were purchased from supermarkets in Gorgan, Iran, from 2017 to 2018. Bacterial quality of bottled water was assessed using heterotrophic plate count (HPC) followed by usual biochemical tests for identification of bacterial genera, and by the API system. Results: The average HPC of bottled water was 9974 colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/ml). Twelve genera were isolated, among which Bacillus spp. and Escherichia coli were the most and least abundant, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that there was a positive association between water quality and storage duration so that the highest microbial load occurred within the first to third months after bottling. Furthermore, the highest rate of contamination was observed in May when ambient air temperatures commonly reached 40 °C. Conclusion: The bacterial quality of bottled water was not according to the standard of drinking water quality. This study demonstrated the variation in bacterial levels after bottling, which indicates the presence of waterborne heterotrophic bacteria, some of which can pose severe health risks to consumers.

Research of Effect on Water Quality of Combined Stainless Steel Plastic Pipe and PPR Pipe

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 2108-2111
Author(s):  
Tao Wu ◽  
Zeng Zhang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Plastic Pipe ◽  
Attached Bacteria ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution

Taking combined stainless steel plastic pipe and PPR pipe which was widely used in the secondary water supply system as research objects, we do a research of effect on water quality of these pipelines. These test indexes were divided into basic indexes and additional indexes. In addition, heterotrophic bacteria plate count was used to observe the attached bacteria on the inner wall of these two different pipes. The results showed that these two kinds of pipes are qualified for their hygienic safety as drinking water distribution equipments. The effects of pipe wall on water quality increased with the immersion time. Combined stainless steel plastic pipe is better than PPR pipe for less impact on water quality, less biofilm microbes attached, better stability, superior antibacterial effects. The combined stainless steel plastic pipe can give a better hygienic safety protection for drinking water.

scholarly journals The health-related microbiological quality of bottled drinking water sold in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel R. Kassenga
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Faecal Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria

The consumption of bottled and plastic-bagged drinking water in Tanzania has increased largely because of the deteriorating quality of tap water. It is uncertain whether these water products are safe for drinking. In this study, the microbiological quality of bottled and plastic-bagged drinking water sold in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, was investigated. One hundred and thirty samples representing 13 brands of bottled water collected from shops, supermarkets and street vendors were analysed for total coliform and faecal coliform organisms as well as heterotrophic bacteria. These were compared with 61 samples of tap water. Heterotrophic bacteria were detected in 92% of the bottled water samples analysed. Total and faecal coliform bacteria were present in 4.6% and 3.6%, respectively, of samples analysed with a tendency for higher contamination rates in plastic-bagged drinking water. Microbiological quality of tap water was found to be worse compared with bottled water, with 49.2% and 26.2% of sampling points showing the presence of total coliform and faecal coliform organisms, respectively. The results suggest caution and vigilance to avert outbreaks of waterborne diseases from these types of drinking water.

scholarly journals Physical, chemical and microbiological analysis of bottled water in Pokhara, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Manisha Maskey ◽  
Laxminarasimha Sharma Annavarapu ◽  
Tista Prasai ◽  
Dharma Raj Bhatta
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Bottled Drinking Water ◽  
Physical Chemical

Background: Today possibility of rendering water non-potable by various types of contaminants (physical, chemical and biological) is of considerable importance. It is not only the microbial con­taminants but also the physical and chemical contaminants, playing an important role in compro­mising our health in many ways. The aim of this study was to assess the physical, chemical and the microbiological quality of commercially produced bottled water in Pokhara city. Methods: A study was conducted to assess the quality of bottled drinking water produced in Pokhara city. Total of 21 brands of bottled water was collected, first batch in monsoon season and second batch in pre-monsoon season, from the market. The physical, chemical and microbial as­sessment was carried out as per National Drinking Water Quality Standards, 2062. Coefficient of variation and t-test were applied where applicable. Results: Better water quality was found in Pre-monsoon season than that of monsoon season, in regard to microbial assessment. None of the samples in first batch tested positive for coliform whereas in second batch 38.2% of samples tested positive for coliform. Coefficient of variation for pH and chloride content was, 8.9% and 6.1%, 35.6% and24.19%, in pre-monsoon and monsoon season respectively. Both were found to be statistically significant. While other tested parameters were within normal limits. Conclusions: The quality bottled drinking water available for sale do not meet the standards given by National Drinking Water Quality Standards, particularly the microbial quality.

ANALISIS KUALITAS AIR MINUM DALAM KEMASAN (AMDK) DI YOGYAKARTA DITINJAU DARI PARAMETER FISIKA DAN KIMIA AIR

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
Titin Aryani
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Quality Water

Backgroud: Nowadays, bottled water has become the most substitute water for cooking drinking water. Although bottled water seemed attractive, it is crucial to assess its quality. Objective: This quantitative study aimed to determine the quality of the 5 brands of bottled water circulating in Yogyakarta, in terms of physical parameters (temperature, smell, taste, color, turbidity, and TDS electroconductivity) and chemical parameters of water (pH, the presence of Cl-ions, and the presence of metals such as Cr, Fe, Zn, Cd). Methods: The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The instrument used to determine the quality of bottled water is the standard of drinking water quality standards. Result: The results showed that five samples of bottled water circulating in Yogyakarta, are all qualified bottled water both in terms of physical parameters (temperature, smell, taste, color, turbidity, electroconductivity, and TDS) and chemical parameters of water (pH , the presence of Cl-ions, and the presence of metals such as Cr, Fe, Zn, Cd). Conclusion: Five samples of bottled water circulating in Yogyakarta were suitable for consumption. Keywords: Bottled water, water analysis, water quality, water chemistry parameters  

scholarly journals Bacteriological Quality of Drinking Water in Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Javid Ali ◽  
Said Hassan ◽  
Dr Ziaurahman ◽  
Inayat Ur Rahman ◽  
Sadhair Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Micro Organisms

The present study was aimed to isolate and identify micro-organisms load of drinking water of Mardan city, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. A total of 27 samples of drinking water were collected from different locations of the study area. Total Plate Count was determined by pour plate method, while total coliforms, total fecal coliforms and E. coli were determined by multiple tube fermentation method. Of the total collected samples, 17 (62.96%) samples were contaminated with either one or more than one type of microorganisms. The results of most probable number test showed that 13 (48.15%) samples were unsatisfactory. It was concluded that the water should be treated before consumption for drinking purpose. Regular assessment of the water quality is recommended as regular monitoring of the water quality for improvement not only prevents disease and hazards but also checks the water resources from becoming further polluted. ECOPRINT 21: 1-6, 2014DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/eco.v21i0.11897

scholarly journals Microbial assessment of bottled drinking water of Kathmandu valley

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Timilshina ◽  
I Dahal ◽  
B Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
Cross Sectional

INTRODUCTION: Due to increased demand and consumption of bottled water in Kathmandu valley, there has been a growing concern about the microbiological quality of this product. The objective of this study was to assess the microbial contamination of heterotrophs and total coliform. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross sectional study was done in randomly selected 30 different commercial brand of bottled water available in commercial market of Kathmandu valley, Nepal. Total coliform and heterotrophic bacteria were enumerated by the membrane filtration and spread plate technique, respectively. RESULTS: Nineteen samples (63.3%) showed the heterotrophic bacterial count above the acceptable range (i.e. <50 cfu/ml) and 56.6% (n=17) samples showed the total coliforms count crossed the WHO guidelines (i.e. 0 cfu/ml). 83.3% (n=25) brands of bottled water were not safe for drinking as they exceed the heterotrophic and/or total coliform count above the WHO guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of heterotrophs and the coliform in the bottled water is a serious concern for public health. Concerned authority should prioritize this issue and continuously monitor the quality of mushrooming bottled water manufacturers in Kathmandu valley to provide safe drinking water to the population. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v1i2.7399 Int J Infect Microbiol 2012;1(1):84-86

scholarly journals Study of Compliance of Sealed Bottled Water with Nepal Drinking Water Quality Standard: A Case of Bhaktapur Municipality, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Prasidha Raj Neupane ◽  
Iswor Bajracharya ◽  
Meera Prajapati ◽  
Hishila Sujakhu ◽  
Pramod Awal
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Standard ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Physico Chemical

Bottled water is generally considered safe for drinking. However, several studies have reported the substandard quality of bottled water. Physico-chemical assessment of ten different brands of bottled water distributed in Bhaktapur Municipality was carried out from January 2018 to March 2018. In total, one hundred bottled water samples consisting of ten different brands were collected randomly from various retail outlets. Eight selected physico-chemical and microbiological parameters were analysed following standard methods, and the results were compared with the Nepal Drinking Water Quality Standard (NDWQS) (2005). Out of one hundred samples, sixty-nine samples did not comply with the standard pH limit. Other physico-chemical parameters were found to comply with the standard though variations were observed in the concentrations among different brands. Microbial contamination was not found in any brands of the bottled water samples considered in this study. However, it is necessary to examine other contaminants such as heavy metals, minerals, and chemicals to know the overall quality of water. Moreover, the regulatory bodies are required to strictly monitor water processing companies for the maintenance of the quality of bottled water.

scholarly journals Analysis of physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of drinking water in Mafikeng, South Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1143-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suma George Mulamattathil ◽  
Carlos Bezuidenhout ◽  
Moses Mbewe
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Significant Finding ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Physico Chemical

Mafikeng, the capital of the North West Province, receives water from two sources, namely the Molopo eye and the Modimola dam. Once treated, the potable water is mixed and supplied to the city via distribution systems. This study was designed to assess the quality of drinking water in Mafikeng and also to determine whether the water from the two sources has an impact on the mixed water quality. Physico-chemical parameters and bacteriological quality (faecal coliforms (FCs), total coliforms (TCs), heterotrophic bacteria and Peudomonas spp.) was monitored at three drinking water sites weekly for 4 months. The results revealed that the physico-chemical quality of the water was generally acceptable. The pH ranged from 5.7 ± 0.18 to 8.6 ± 0.14, the temperature ranged from 18.3 ± 0.69 to 25.1 ± 0.69 °C and the total dissolved solids (TDS) ranged from 159.9 ± 22.44 to 364.4 ± 12.44 mg/l. These values are within the target water quality range for drinking water as prescribed by WHO, Department of Water Affairs and SANS 241. What is of concern was the microbial quality of the water. FCs, TCs, heterotrophic bacteria and Pseudomonas spp. were present in some of the treated water samples. The most significant finding of this study is that all drinking water samples were positive for Pseudomonas spp. (&gt;100/100 ml).

scholarly journals Heterotrophic Plate Count for Bottled Water Safety Management

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 739
Author(s):  
Anna Rygala ◽  
Joanna Berlowska ◽  
Dorota Kregiel
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Adhesion Properties

Heterotrophic bacteria are able to form biofilms in water processing systems, adhering to pipe materials and colonizing surfaces. The aim of our research was to identify the critical points in the process of bottled water production at which controls can be applied to prevent, reduce, or eliminate water safety hazards. Microbiological monitoring was conducted using the plate count method and luminometry. To identify the bacterial isolates, we used polyphasic identification based on biochemical tests and molecular analysis using ribosomal RNA. The heterotrophic plate counts were higher in the water filtration station, ultrafiltration (UV) disinfection station, and holding tank. At these points of the industrial process, the water is stagnant or there is poor flow. Molecular analysis identified the bacterial isolates as belonging to Acinetobacter, Agrobacterium, Aeromonas, Brevundimonas, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Pantoea, and Rhizobium genera. Bacterial isolates showed various levels of biofilm formation, and the best adhesion properties were exhibited by the Aeromonas hydrophila and Citrobacter freundii strains.

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