scholarly journals Bacteriological Evaluation of Bottled Water Commercially Available in Eastern Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rojina Rai ◽  
Bindiya Kumal ◽  
Devina Rai ◽  
Arun Keshari ◽  
Rima Bhandari
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Cross Sectional

The demand for bottled water is high in these days and it has been a growing concern about the microbiological quality of such processed water. The objective of this study was to assess the heterotrophic contamination and total coliform. This cross-sectional study was carried out in randomly selected 24 different commercial brands of bottled water available in the commercial market of the eastern region of Nepal. Total coliform and heterotrophic bacteria were enumerated by the membrane filtration and spread plate technique, respectively. Among 24 water sample processed, 62.5% (n=15) samples showed the heterotrophic bacterial count above the acceptable range (<50 CFU/0.1ml) and 75% (n=18) samples showed the total coliform count crossed the WHO guidelines (0 CFU/ml) and not acceptable for drinking. E. Coli was detected in 54.2% of water samples and Enterobacters aerogenes(45.8%), Enterococcus fecalis(20.8%), Pseudomonas sps (20.8%), Bacillus species (16.6%) and Staphylococcus aereus (4.2%) were also detected from different samples. Only 25% of bottled water was acceptable for drinking purpose. The presence of heterotrophs and the coliform in the bottled water is a serious concern for public health. Concerned authority should prioritize this issue and continuously monitor the quality of available bottled water manufacturers in the eastern region to provide safe drinking water to the population.Sunsari Technical College Journal 2015, 2(1):54-57

scholarly journals Microbial assessment of bottled drinking water of Kathmandu valley

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Timilshina ◽  
I Dahal ◽  
B Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
Cross Sectional

INTRODUCTION: Due to increased demand and consumption of bottled water in Kathmandu valley, there has been a growing concern about the microbiological quality of this product. The objective of this study was to assess the microbial contamination of heterotrophs and total coliform. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross sectional study was done in randomly selected 30 different commercial brand of bottled water available in commercial market of Kathmandu valley, Nepal. Total coliform and heterotrophic bacteria were enumerated by the membrane filtration and spread plate technique, respectively. RESULTS: Nineteen samples (63.3%) showed the heterotrophic bacterial count above the acceptable range (i.e. <50 cfu/ml) and 56.6% (n=17) samples showed the total coliforms count crossed the WHO guidelines (i.e. 0 cfu/ml). 83.3% (n=25) brands of bottled water were not safe for drinking as they exceed the heterotrophic and/or total coliform count above the WHO guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of heterotrophs and the coliform in the bottled water is a serious concern for public health. Concerned authority should prioritize this issue and continuously monitor the quality of mushrooming bottled water manufacturers in Kathmandu valley to provide safe drinking water to the population. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v1i2.7399 Int J Infect Microbiol 2012;1(1):84-86

scholarly journals The health-related microbiological quality of bottled drinking water sold in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel R. Kassenga
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Faecal Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria

The consumption of bottled and plastic-bagged drinking water in Tanzania has increased largely because of the deteriorating quality of tap water. It is uncertain whether these water products are safe for drinking. In this study, the microbiological quality of bottled and plastic-bagged drinking water sold in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, was investigated. One hundred and thirty samples representing 13 brands of bottled water collected from shops, supermarkets and street vendors were analysed for total coliform and faecal coliform organisms as well as heterotrophic bacteria. These were compared with 61 samples of tap water. Heterotrophic bacteria were detected in 92% of the bottled water samples analysed. Total and faecal coliform bacteria were present in 4.6% and 3.6%, respectively, of samples analysed with a tendency for higher contamination rates in plastic-bagged drinking water. Microbiological quality of tap water was found to be worse compared with bottled water, with 49.2% and 26.2% of sampling points showing the presence of total coliform and faecal coliform organisms, respectively. The results suggest caution and vigilance to avert outbreaks of waterborne diseases from these types of drinking water.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Bacteriological and Physicochemical Qualities of Some Brands of Bottled Water Sold in Owerri, Imo State

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
Kingsley Kelechi Onyekachi ◽  
Joy Nkeiruka Dike-Ndudim ◽  
Emeka Simon Anikwo ◽  
Chizaram Winners Ndubueze
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Bacterial Agent ◽  
Filtration Technique

This work was carried out in order to detect the presence of bacterial agent in the bottled water samples, and to evaluate the physicochemical qualities of these bottled water. Twenty samples selected from four different brands of bottled water sold in Owerri, were examined to determine their bacteriological and physicochemical qualities. Bacteriological analyses using Membrane filtration technique was carried out to determine the heterotrophic bacteria, total coliform and fecal coliform counts. Physicochemical qualities were also determined using standard methods. The heterotrophic bacterial count ranged from 0.00 to 12.00 CFU/ml, total coliform count ranged from 0.00 to 7.50 coliform/100ml. There was absence of fecal coliform in the samples. The pH, Color, Turbidity and Conductivity of the samples ranged from 5.18 to 7.28, 0.00 to 18.00 PCU, 0.55 to 1.62 NTU and 16.00 to 262.00 µs/cm respectively.  The Chloride, Iron and Nitrite content of the samples ranged from 16.99 to 27.98 mg/L, 0.01 to 0.07 mg/L Fe, and 0.00 to 0.34 mg/L respectively. The bacterial species isolated belong to the genera Staphylococcus, Proteus, Klebsiella, Bacillus and Escherichia. Quality wise, most of the water samples met the XYZ standard for bacteriological and physicochemical quality for drinking water with the exception of few. It can be deduced from this study, that none of the bottled water is suitable for drinking with regards to the bacteriological and physicochemical parameters tested. Though some samples passed the bacteriological examination, most of them were acidic and therefore not safe for consumption.

scholarly journals The effect of container-biofilm on the microbiological quality of water used from plastic household containers

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jagals ◽  
C. Jagals ◽  
T. C. Bokako
Keyword(s):  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Microbiological Contamination ◽  
Supply Source ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Storage Containers

Studies in Southern Africa have shown that even when microbiologically safe water is supplied to developing communities at communal standpipes, contamination by high numbers of pathogenic microorganisms may occur during the processes of fetching water from the supply source and storage during use at home, rendering such waters unsafe for human consumption. This study investigated the occurrence of biofilm in PVC storage containers as one possible reason for this deterioration, using heterotrophic bacteria and total coliform counts as well as turbidity as indicators. A second objective was to determine whether biofilm in water-storage containers could contribute to hazardous microbiological contamination indicated by Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens. Results indicated that increased microbiological contamination is associated with biofilm. The biofilm harbours heterotrophic bacteria, total coliforms and C. perfringens. E. coli could not be associated directly with the levels of biofilm in containers but rather appears to be introduced intermittently from the ambient domestic environment. When dislodged with the biofilm, these bacteria contributed substantially to the deterioration of the microbiological quality of supplied water stored in plastic containers.

scholarly journals Assessment of the physical, chemical and microbiological quality of packaged water sold in Nnewi, South-East Nigeria: a population health risk assessment and preventive care study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 4003
Author(s):  
Uzoamaka Ugochinyere Epundu ◽  
Echendu Dolly Adinma ◽  
Nkiru Nwamaka Ezeama ◽  
Benjamin Sunday Uzochukwu ◽  
Obed Chukwunonso Epundu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Guideline Value ◽  
Guideline Values

Background: Global statistics show that over 1.2 billion people do not have access to potable water and 70% of Nigerians lack access to potable water. Non-availability and/or lack of access to potable water predispose people to preventable life-threatening conditions. This study assessed the physical, chemical, and microbiological quality of sachet and bottled water to generate evidence for planning, policy, and intervention.Methods: The study was a cross-sectional analytic study of the quality of packaged (sachet and bottled) drinking water obtained from consumer households. The potability status of the water samples was assessed by means of qualitative assessments and quantitative laboratory tests. The results were compared to guideline values stipulated by the Nigerian Industrial Standard for Potable Water, NIS 306:2008. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The study period was from April 2016 to June 2016.Results: Of the 35.0 bottled water samples, 18.0 (51.4%), 21.0 (60.0%) and 17.0 (48.6%) had their production dates, expiry dates and batch numbers. All 65.0 (100.0%) samples appeared colourless to the naked eye and visible particles were present in 3.0 (4.6%) of the total water samples. The lead content of 7.0 (23.3%) sachet and 1.0 (2.9%) bottled sample exceeded the guideline value for lead. The pH of 16.0 (53.3%) sachet samples and 27.0 (77.1%) bottled samples fell below the recommended limits for pH. Escherichia coli was found in 4.0 (13.3%) and 15.0 (42.9%) of sachet and bottled water samples.Conclusions: The study suggested that sachet and bottled water sold in Nnewi have good physical qualities, but poor chemical and microbiological qualities. More of the microbiological contaminant (E. coli) was present in the bottled water than the sachet water.

scholarly journals The effects of storage on the bacteriological quality of sachet water produced, sold and consumed within Owerri Metropolis, Imo State, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Valentine N Unegbu ◽  
Ndubuisi O Nwachukwu ◽  
Emmanuel N Ugbo ◽  
Anthony C Ekennia
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Imo State ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Sachet Water

The sale and consumption of sachet water is common in Owerri metropolis because the consumers believed it was safer than tap or borehole water.The aim of this study was to assess the effects of storage on the bacteriological quality of  sachet water produced, sold and consumed within Owerri metropolis, Imo State, Nigeria. Fifteen sachet water brands were investigated for a period of four months. They were collected within 24 hours of production and stored at ambient temperature for four months. Samples were taken on monthly basis for enumeration of total aerobic heterotrophic bacteria and indicator organisms using APHA and WHO analytical methods.  Bacteriological analysis showed that Clets brand had the highest Total heterotrophic bacterial count of 5.7X101cfu/ml, followed by Elevated and Crystal while Ricano had the least count of 3.2x101cfu/ml. Total heterotrophic bacteria and total coliform count decreased gradually in all brands throughout this period. Escherichia coli was isolated in three brands.  Results from the research indicates that 60% of the brands analyzed met the WHO guideline limit for drinking when stored at ambient temperature within eight weeks period. However, storage beyond this period led to diminished potability  of sachet water

scholarly journals Investigations on Bacteriological Quality of Tap Water Sources within the University of Port Harcourt

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
H. O. Stanley ◽  
C. J. Ugboma ◽  
P. C. Uzoaru
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Filtration Method ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
The University

In this study, the sanitary quality of tap water sources within the University of Port Harcourt was investigated in order to determine its suitability for drinking and other domestic applications. Eight composite samples of tap water were collected from Eight different locations within the three campuses of the University of Port Harcourt using 300 ml-capacity sterile containers. These locations included NDDC Hostel, Sports Hostel, Medical Hostel, NUH Hostel, Dan Etete Hostel, Delta A Hostel, Delta B Hostel and Choba Campus. After collection, water samples were taken to the laboratory for enumeration and identification of Total heterotrophic bacteria (THB), Total coliform (TC) and Faecal coliform (FC) using the membrane filtration method. Result showed that the average THB, TC and FC counts recorded in the tap water samples across the eight locations ranged from 12.4 CFU to 36.7 CFU, 4.3 CFU to 10.1 CFU and 2.8 CFU to 5.2 CFU per 100ml respectively. Bacterial isolates were identified as probably belonging to genera such as Bacillus spp., Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Staphylococcus spp., Proteus spp., Citrobacter spp., Serratia spp. and Escherichia spp., respectively. Samples from Delta B hostel and Choba campus recorded the lowest and highest THB, TC and FC counts respectively. According to WHO standard, the result of THB, TC and FC counts indicated that the tap water in all eight locations were above the limit acceptable for drinking but within acceptable limit for other domestic use such as bathing and washing.

scholarly journals Microbiological quality analysis of raw, pasteurized, UHT milk samples collected from different locations in Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sourav Kumar Banik ◽  
Kamal Kanta Das ◽  
Md Aftab Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Expiry Date ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Milk Samples

Present study attempted to determine the microbiological quality of raw, pasteurized and UHT (Ultra High Temperature-processed) milk samples collected from different locations in Bangladesh. A total of 46 samples were studied including 22 raw milk samples from the local dairy markets and 24 different brands of pasteurized and ultrahigh temperature (UHT) treated milk manufactured in different beverage industries. The samples were examined for determining the total viable bacterial count (TVBC) and total coliform count (TCC). Results revealed that the raw milk samples were substandard in terms of TVBC and TCC. The range of TVBC and TCC in raw milk samples was 5.2×108 to 1.3×107 cfu/ml and 4.2×104 to 1.0×104 cfu/ml, respectively. On the contrary, the quality of pasteurized and UHT-treated milks was excellent. The TVBC range in pasteurized milk samples was from 1.8×103 to 1.1×102 cfu/ml, slightly lower than that recommended by the Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution (BSTI). Interestingly sample numbers P-6, P-10 and P-12 of pasteurized milk samples had no growth at all both in terms of TVBC and TCC and none of the UHT processed milk contained any bacteria. So from the consumer point of view, both types of processed milk can be considered safe for consumption within the mentioned expiry date. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjm.v4i1.22753 Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.4(1) 2014: 5-8

scholarly journals Microbiological quality assessment of raw milk and water samples from Noakhali district, Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Asma Talukder ◽  
Anuja Saha ◽  
Sabrina Binta Shoeb ◽  
Mimma Tabassum
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Mold Count

This study was carried out to evaluate the microbial quality of raw milk and water samples taken at four different local shops in Maijdee area (Noakhali District), Bangladesh. Milk is a valuable food-stuff consumed on daily basis and is highly prone to bacterial contamination. Contamination with pathogenic microorganisms is most alarming for potable water and hence it is needed to detect the bacterial contamination in local drinking water. Microbiological quality of milk samples was analyzed using Total Viable Bacterial Count (TVBC), Total Coliform Count (TCC) and Yeast-mold Count techniques. Critical hygienic indicator for food and foodstuffs is total microbial load. Compare to four stores, store 3 shows the high contamination value in milk samples (TVC 12.48×105 cfu/ml, TCC 6.4×105 cfu/ml, yeast- mold count 3.48×102 cfu/ml and 4.85×102 cfu/ml) whereas store 1 is liable to water samples (TVC 12.09×105 cfu/ml, TCC 4.81×105 cfu/ml, yeast- mold count 2.7×102 cfu/ml and 2.24×102 cfu/ml). These outcomes accentuate applying and sustaining proper hygiene practice throughout the manufacturing and distribution to prevent health risks of the rural people. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2019, 5(1): 31-36

scholarly journals Microbiological quality determination of pasteurized, UHT and flavoured milk sold in Dhaka, Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jubaida Binte Jamal ◽  
Sharmin Akter ◽  
Md Aftab Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Expiry Date ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Uht Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Quality Of Milk

The present study was undertaken to determine the microbiological quality of pasteurized milk, UHT milk and flavoured milk samples collected from different locations in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Twenty pasteurized milk samples, fifteen UHT milk samples and fifteen flavoured milk samples of different brand were collected and different batch were analyzed for enumerating the total viable bacterial count (TVBC), total coliform count (TCC) and physiochemical tests (sensory test, alcohol test, acidity test, fat test, CLR test, SNF). The range of TVBC and pasteurized milk samples was between 2.3×102 cfu/ml to 4.69×103 cfu/ml. TVBC range of flavoured milk samples was between 5.0×101 cfu/ml to 1.8×102 and no TVBC was detected for any of the UHT milk samples. No TVBC was found for flavoured milk samples of company-8 (UHT). Because it was processed with ultra high temperature, slightly lower than that recommended by BSTI (not exceeding 20,000 cfu/ml). Coliform bacteria were present only for pasteurized milk samples in one brand, though the count was under acceptable range according to BSTI recommendation (<10/ml coliform in pasteurized milk). Physiochemical tests are also very important to detect the quality of milk samples. Acidity range should not exceed 0.14, for this study fat range should be minimum 3.5% and SNF should be minimum 8%. In this study, for pasteurized milk samples acidity range was between 0.14-0.16, fat range was between 3.5-3.9% and SNF was between the ranges of 8-9.784%. For UHT milk samples acidity range was between 0.13-0.16, fat range was between 3.5-3.8% and SNF was between 8.034-9.012. All the results of sensory and physiochemical tests for pasteurized and UHT milk samples were satisfactory. So, UHT processed milk and flavoured milk can be considered as safe for consumption within the mentioned expiry date without heat treatment. Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.8(1) 2018: 1-6

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