Chemical Quality of Tap Water Versus Bottled Water: Evaluation of Some Heavy Metals and Elements Content of Drinking Water in Dakahlia Governorate - Egypt

The consumption of bottled and plastic-bagged drinking water in Tanzania has increased largely because of the deteriorating quality of tap water. It is uncertain whether these water products are safe for drinking. In this study, the microbiological quality of bottled and plastic-bagged drinking water sold in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, was investigated. One hundred and thirty samples representing 13 brands of bottled water collected from shops, supermarkets and street vendors were analysed for total coliform and faecal coliform organisms as well as heterotrophic bacteria. These were compared with 61 samples of tap water. Heterotrophic bacteria were detected in 92% of the bottled water samples analysed. Total and faecal coliform bacteria were present in 4.6% and 3.6%, respectively, of samples analysed with a tendency for higher contamination rates in plastic-bagged drinking water. Microbiological quality of tap water was found to be worse compared with bottled water, with 49.2% and 26.2% of sampling points showing the presence of total coliform and faecal coliform organisms, respectively. The results suggest caution and vigilance to avert outbreaks of waterborne diseases from these types of drinking water.

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Statistical evaluation and comparison of the chemical quality of bottled water and Flemish tap water

10.5004/dwt.2012.2848 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 183-193

Author(s):

Stijn W.H. Van Hulle ◽

◽

M. Cristina Ciocci

Keyword(s):

Statistical Evaluation ◽

Tap Water ◽

Bottled Water ◽

Chemical Quality

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Determining consumption preferences of consumers considering quality attributes of drinking water

Italian Journal of Food Science ◽

10.15586/ijfs.v33i2.2040 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 156-165

Author(s):

Emine Aşkan ◽

Yavuz Topcu ◽

Ayça Nur Şahin

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water Resources ◽

Tap Water ◽

Quality Characteristics ◽

Chemical Quality ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Region I ◽

Local Water ◽

Region Ii

The aim of the study was to determine the main factors affecting the consumption preferences of consumers by considering the quality characteristics of drinking water according to the regions where they reside. For this pur-pose, the data obtained from 400 consumers living in the central districts of Iğdır province were used for Factor Analysis and Two-Step Clustering Analysis. Research results reported that physiological needs of the consumers residing in region I were based on the physiological and physical quality of the water in their drinking water consumption preference, consumers in region II relied on the chemical quality of the tap water, and consumers in region III focused on the cost advantages of tap water depending on the chemical quality of tap water. Therefore, supplying differentiated bottled drinking water in hygienic conditions according to physical and physiological quality standards of drinking water for consumers in region I, ensuring the protection and access of local water resources suitable for chemical quality characteristics to consumers in region II, and maintaining the reliability of local water resources with good chemical quality and low cost of supply and sustainability of their use for consumers in region III can have positive effects on consumption satisfaction.

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Impacts of temperature alteration on the drinking water quality stored in plastic bottles

Applied Water Science ◽

10.1007/s13201-021-01505-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

Author(s):

Abdelkader T. Ahmed ◽

Mohammed Emad ◽

Mohammed A. Bkary

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Tap Water ◽

Research Work ◽

Bottled Water ◽

Physiochemical Parameters ◽

Heating Water ◽

Long Time ◽

The Impact ◽

Concentration Levels

AbstractMany people prefer to drink bottled water instead off the tap water. The bottled water is stored in the plastic bottles sometimes for long time. These plastic bottles might leach out some harmful materials into the water especially when exposed to temperature alteration, which may affect human health. This research work focused on investigating the effect of changing temperature on the bottled water quality. The work studied the effect of heating water in plastic bottles by sun, oven, and microwave. The study included also the impact of cooling and freezing the bottled waters. Results showed that temperature alterations caused changes in some physicochemical properties of bottled waters such as decreasing the values of pH and TDS and increasing levels of fluoride and chloride. In addition, the concentration levels of some physiochemical parameters exceeded the permissible values for drinking water. With temperature alterations, all levels of heavy metals in bottled waters were minimal except some small concentrations of copper and zinc. Results confirmed also differences in behavior between the bottled water brands exposed to the same temperature alterations. Heating bottled waters above 50 °C is alarming problem on the water quality. This is because above this degree, many alternations were observed in the water content. The outcomes of this work are useful for improving the current legislation on bottled waters and their storage.

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ANALISIS PENGARUH KUALITAS PRODUK, HARGA, PROMOSI TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN AIR MINUM DALAM KEMASAN (AMDK) MEREK AICOS PRODUKSI PT. BUMI SARIMAS INDONESIA

10.31219/osf.io/w6dt5 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Fetrizen ◽

Nazaruddin Aziz

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Product Quality ◽

Bottled Water ◽

Purchase Decision ◽

Price Promotion ◽

Research Results ◽

Several Variables ◽

Independent Variable ◽

Loyal Customers

Basically the decision to buy bottled water by consumers is influenced by many factors such as the quality of a product, brand, taste, lifestyle and the range of promotion made by the company. Driven by the needs that exist within a person and the desire that the needs in a person are affected if the consumer shows a sense of fun that ultimately leads to loyalty. Loyal customers are more valuable than customers who are just satisfied. For loyal customers will always use the product of all time and is a source of revenue and Aicos company in this case have been concerned about factors that can affect consumers in buying decisions. In this research, the research describes several variables that influence consumer purchase decision that is product quality, price, promotion. The quality of the product, the price, the promotion is called the independent variable and the purchase decision is called the dependent variable. Through the research results obtained by researchers, the researchers drew the conclusion that the variables free of price and promotion have a significant effect on purchasing decision because the value of sig <0,05. While for the independent variable of product quality has no significant effect with purchase decision because sig value> 0,05. This is because the consumers who have been interviewed stated that the drinking water products in their quality packaging are almost the same.

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Heavy metal levels in drinking water sources of Chingola District, Zambia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-43610/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Francis Hamwiinga ◽

Chisala D. Meki ◽

Patricia Mubita ◽

Hikabasa Halwiindi

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Ground Water ◽

Water Samples ◽

Tap Water ◽

Water Sources ◽

Wet Season ◽

Drinking Water Sources ◽

Metal Levels

Abstract Background: One of the factors impeding access to safe water is water pollution. Of particular concern is heavy metal contamination of water bodies. This study was aimed at determining the levels of heavy metals in drinking water sources of Chingola District of Zambia. Methods: A cross sectional study was employed. A total of 60 water samples were collected. Thirsty (30) samples were collected in the dry season in the month of October 2016 and another 30 in the wet season in the months of February and March, 2017. For each season 10 water samples were collected from each of the three water sources. i.e. Tap water, Urban ground water sources and Rural ground water sources. Heavy metal analysis was done using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS).Results: This study revealed that the concentrations of Iron, Manganese, Lead, Nickel and Arsenic were beyond maximum permissible levels in various water sources. Combined averages for both dry and wet seasons were as follows: Iron: 2.3, Copper: 0.63, Cobalt: 0.02, Manganese: 0.36, Lead: 0.04, Zinc:3.2, Nickel: 0.03, Arsenic: 0.05. Chromium and Cadmium were below detection limit in all water samples. The median concentrations of iron, arsenic, copper, manganese in drinking water from the Tap, rural and urban ground water sources were different, and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). The median concentrations of arsenic, nickel, manganese and cobalt were different between dry and wet season, and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.05).Conclusions: Sources of heavy metals in water seems to be both natural and from human activities. The concentration of heavy metals in different water sources in this study was found to be above the recommended levels. This calls for improvement in water monitoring to protect the health of the public. Therefore, there is need for continuous monitoring of heavy metals in drinking water sources by regulatory authorities.

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SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS AND PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE FOR THE FORMATION OF THE EVIDENTIAL BASE OF HAZARD TO HEALTH IN THE POPULATION IN THE ZONE OF INFLUENCE OF WASTE FROM THE PAST ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Hygiene and Sanitation ◽

10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-11-1038-1044 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 96 (11) ◽

pp. 1038-1044 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

N. V. Zaitseva ◽

Irina V. May ◽

S. V. Klein ◽

S. S. Khankharev ◽

A. A. Boloshinova

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Health Hazard ◽

Harmful Effect ◽

Morbidity Rate ◽

Atmospheric Air ◽

The Past ◽

Zone Of Influence

There are described an algorithm and methods for collecting the evidential base for causing hazard to the health of the population of Zakamensk (the Republic of Buryatia) in the zone of influence of the waste of the past activities of the Dzhidinsky tungsten-molybdenum combine. The source of danger is lying sands, containing a complex of toxic heavy metals - lead, cadmium, manganese, nickel, chromium, etc. The algorithm for the formation of the evidential base included: a general analysis of the sanitary and hygienic situation; assessment in the dynamics of the quality of atmospheric air, drinking water, soil, food; assessment of the risk to the health of the population; epidemiological studies; in-depth clinical surveys of a representative group of city residents (280 people). In the blood of the examinees, heavy metals were identified as biological markers of the exposure. There was evaluated a complex of the response (effect) adequate to effects of laboratory markers. By methods of mathematical statistics there was established the presence of reliable relationships in the system “source of hazard - the quality of the environment - exposure to risk factors - health status.” The hazard to the health of a citizen, due to the negative impact of the factor, was considered to be proven if it was possible to build a continuous step-by-step logical chain of relationships between the source of the harmful effect, the quality of the habitat and the establishment of the fact of the disease. The quality of the habitat of the population of Zakamensk was shown to give rise in unacceptable risks to the health of residents. The main influencing factor is the pollution of atmospheric air, local food products and drinking water from public and private wells. Risks are realized in terms of a level of the primary morbidity rate of the population of the respiratory diseases, endocrine system, digestive organs that is relatively high compared to the matched area. The relationship between health hazard and environmental factors has been fully proved in 14% of the surveyed persons. At the same time, the territory was shown not be characterized as a zone of “ecological disaster” or “an emergency environmental situation”.

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Evaluation the water quality of the potable water network in Al-Shuala/ Baghdad City

Iraqi Journal of Physics (IJP) ◽

10.30723/ijp.v13i28.249 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (28) ◽

pp. 116-124

Author(s):

Zainab Bahaa Mohammed

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Water Quality ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Quality Index ◽

Potable Water ◽

Total Hardness ◽

Water Network ◽

Conductivity Water ◽

Total Dissolved Solid

In this research, the water quality of the potable water network inAl-Shuala Baghdad city were evaluated and compare them with theIraqi standards (IQS) for drinking water and World HealthOrganization standards (WHO), then water quality index (WQI) werecalculator: pH, heavy metals (lead, cadmium and iron), chlorides,total hardness, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solid andelectrical conductivity. Water samples are collected weekly duringthe period from February 2015 to April 2015 from ten sites. Resultsshow that the chlorides, total dissolved solid and electricalconductivity less than acceptable limit of standards, but totalhardness and heavy metals in some samples higher than acceptablelimit of standards while the other parameter is good.WQI shows thatresults is excellent and good for drinking for all location and monthsexcept site (2) gave higher value (65.184) in March and site (9) gavehigh value (57.78, 57.23) at March and April indicate that sites ispoor for drinking water.

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