scholarly journals One year monitoring of norovirus in a sewage treatment plant in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matías Victoria ◽  
Flávia Ramos Guimarães ◽  
Tulio Machado Fumian ◽  
Fabiana Fioretti Martins Ferreira ◽  
Carmen Baur Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Removal Ratio ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
One Year ◽  
Seminested Pcr

Norovirus (NoV) is one of the most important aetiological agents of acute gastroenteritis both in developed and developing countries. NoV is shed in high concentrations by infected persons and contaminates recreational and drinking water through sewage discharge into the environment. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, genotypes and removal ratio of NoV by PCR, seminested-PCR and quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays in a sewage treatment plant in Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil, during one year of surveillance. NoV was detected in 7 (15%), 14 (29%) and 28 (58%) samples using PCR, seminested-PCR and qPCR, respectively. The mean removal ratio for the activated sludge process was 0.6 log10 for NoV genogroup I (GI) and 0.32 log10 for NoV genogroup II (GII). The peak NoV concentration was detected in the coldest months, with 53,300 genomic copies/litre. Nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed that five strains clustered with GI strains and six with GII strains. This study demonstrates that NoV spreads into the environment despite the sewage treatment process and remains a source of waterborne outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis.

Performance of UASB based sewage treatment plant in India: polishing by diffusers an alternative

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 680-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Walia ◽  
P. Kumar ◽  
I. Mehrotra
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Detention Ponds ◽  
One Year

In India, recently, upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) based sewage treatment plants (STPs) have come up in a big way. Sequence adopted: screens- grit chambers- UASB reactors followed by one-day detention ponds (DP). Performance of DPs located at five STPs (27–70 ML/d) was evaluated over a period of one year from July 2004 to July 2005. The installation of these non-algal ponds reduced land requirement, but from treatment point of view it at best offered only removal of solids washed out of the UASB reactor. Total coliform count in the effluent from ponds ranging from 106 to 109 MPN/100 mL is more than the maximum permissible limit of 10,000 MPN/100 mL. A need has, therefore, been felt to evaluate the possibility of aerating the effluent from UASBR. During aeration, ORP and DO increase, whereas COD and BOD decrease. In a continuous aeration ~50% reduction in COD and nearly 50% increase in DO saturation (DO/DOs) can be achieved by increasing ORP from −100 to 122 mV. Regression equation established between ORP and COD/CODi & DO/DOs may find wide application.

Occurrence and Elimination of Nonylphenol Ethoxylates and Metabolites in Municipal Wastewater and Effluents

1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-402-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hing-Biu Lee ◽  
Thomas E. Peart
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Elimination Rate ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Nonylphenol Ethoxylates ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
One Year ◽  
Final Effluent

Abstract A survey of the concentrations of nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPnEO) and their metabolites in wastewater samples collected from a Canadian sewage treatment plant using primary and secondary treatment is presented. Twenty-four-hour composite raw sewage, primary effluent and final effluent samples were collected monthly over a one-year period. Levels of NPnEO (n = 1 to 17) and their metabolites, nonylphenol (NP) and nonylphenoxy carboxylic acids (NPnEC), in these samples were determined by HPLC and GC/MS methods. While ca. 85% of the total alkylphenolics in raw sewage are ethoxylates, the major component (nearly 80%) in the final effluent was in the form of carboxylic acids. During this study period, the median total alkylphenolic concentrations in raw sewage and final effluent were 526 and 248 nmol/L, respectively, representing an overall elimination rate of 53%. The estimated daily discharge of the nonylpheno-lics to the aquatic environment varied from 15 to 44 moles, with a median value of 20 moles. These data suggested that conventional sewage treatments are ineffective in the removal of the surfactant-derived metabolites.

Disinfection, Recontamination and Regrowth of Indicator Bacteria in a Wastewater Sludge Heat Treatment System

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 329-335
Author(s):  
Roger S. Fujioka ◽  
Wesley M. Hirano ◽  
Philip C. Loh
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Primary Sludge ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Sludge Cake ◽  
High Concentrations

The largest sewage treatment plant in Hawaii produces 25,400 kg/day of primary sludge that is heat-treated (190°C) under 330 psig for 3 0 min. Although this treatment should result in a sterilized sludge product, the final sludge cake often contains high concentrations of fecal-borne indicator bacteria. The heat-treatment process was shown to disinfect the sludge of indicator bacteria. However, post contamination of the heat-treated sludge by raw sludge and by chlorinated primary effluent and the regrowth of indicator bacteria in the sludge storage tanks resulted in the presence of indicator bacteria in the sludge cake.

Possibilities for increased nutrient removal with a final filtration stage

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
M. Rothman ◽  
J. Hultgren
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Winter Time ◽  
Filtration Stage

Bromma sewage treatment plant (STP) is one of three plants in Stockholm. To meet more stringent requirements for nutrient removal the plant has been extended with a final filtration stage. Earlier it has not been possible to operate the plant with nitrification during winter time. Bad settling properties of the activated sludge have led to bulking sludge and high concentrations of BOD and phosphorus in the effluent. With the filter stage it is now possible to reduce the load on the biological stage by by-passing part of the flow directly to the filters. The result has been very promising and it seems that the plant can meet the new demands for nitrogen removal without extension of the aerated volumes.

scholarly journals Preliminary Analysis of the Palic Ludas Catchment

Hadmérnök ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-212
Author(s):  
Mirjana Horvat ◽  
Zoltan Horvat ◽  
Dániel Koch ◽  
Fruzsina Majer
Keyword(s):  
Water Budget ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Hydraulic Structures ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Town ◽  
Existing Data

This paper presents the results of a preliminary analysis of Palic-Ludas catchment area near the town of Subotica in Serbia. With the aim of improving environmental situation of the considered catchment, the authors started by conducting a detailed investigation of the current situation of this area. The examination focused on obtaining and evaluating existing data in order to derive some conclusion about the present status of this catchment. This paper offers a description of the important water bodies on Palic-Luda catchment, while including the most influential hydraulic structures. After evaluating the gathered data, a basic water budget model ofPalic-Ludas lake system was constructed. The model included all the main water budget elements, the outflow from the sewage treatment plant into Lake Palic, precipitation, evaporation as well as the ground water interflow. After conducting a one year simulation the results were assessed and the influence of each component of the water budget was examined.

Heavy metals in sludge from the sewage treatment plant of Rio de Janeiro

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 997-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomaz Langenbach ◽  
Wolfgang Pfeifer ◽  
Luiz Rodrigues Freire ◽  
Michele Sarpa ◽  
Sueli Paim
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant

Hepatitis a Virus Levels in Shellfish Exposed in a Natural Marine Environment to the Effluent from a Treated Sewage Outfall

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch Pietri ◽  
B. Hugues ◽  
J. M. Crance ◽  
D. Puel ◽  
C. Cini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Mussel Sample ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Seawater Samples

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) contamination studies and cell-culturable virus determination were undertaken on oysters (Crassostrea angulata) and mussels (Mytilus edulis) kept for six months in the sea near the outfall of a sewage treatment plant. Shellfish and seawater samples were collected on 11 occasions at roughly 15-day intervals during this period. A radioimmunoassay revealed HAV contamination indices (P/N ≥ 2.1) in 3 oyster and 6 mussel samples and 1 sea-water sample. When a radiocompetition test was run on these samples, however, specificity was noted in one mussel sample only (P/N = 2.4). Immune electron microscopy showed that HAV particles were present in three effluent samples. Although a frequent demonstration at sometimes high concentrations (326.0 MPNCU/100 ml) in the effluent was observed, no cell-culturable virus were detected in both the shellfish and the seawater. Adenovirus alone were detected in one mussel sample, but not in the effluent. Complementary studies are now being conducted on all samples with an RIA HAV contamination index of P/N ≥ 2.1. The results of this investigation of viral contamination in a natural marine environment and our HAV detection assays underscore the difficulty of determining the true extent of these phenomena.

scholarly journals Molecular detection of human astrovirus in an urban sewage treatment plant in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 819-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Ramos Guimarães ◽  
Fabiana Fioretti Martins Ferreira ◽  
Carmen Baur Vieira ◽  
Tulio Machado Fumian ◽  
Tatsuo Shubo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Urban Sewage ◽  
Human Astrovirus

Improving chlorine disinfection of wastewater by ultrasound application

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Blume ◽  
U. Neis
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Matter ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Chlorine Disinfection ◽  
Ultrasound Application ◽  
High Concentrations

The presence of soluble organic material as well as high concentrations of suspended matter in waters and wastewaters affect the efficiency when chlorine is used as disinfection agent. The objective of our work is to explore to which extend ultrasonic treatment can facilitate wastewater disinfection with chlorine in order to bring down doses of ecologically questionable chlorine and to shorten contact times. Sewage treatment plant (STP) effluents with different concentrations of suspended solids are exposed to sonication in combination with chlorine dosage. We observed that enhancement of chlorine efficiency is better for samples with higher concentrations of suspended matter. For samples with a TSS concentration of 50mg/L chlorination efficiency (2mg/L) can be doubled from 0.7 to 1.4log when treated simultaneously with 20kHz ultrasound for 5 minutes, i.e. levels of indicator organisms can be brought down to numbers that conventionally require far higher doses of chemical disinfectants. As subsequent sonication / chlorination does not have the same significant effect as simultaneous application of these two means, ultrasound does not just have a declumping effect; it seems that ultrasound application provokes a better chlorine dispersion in the aqueous media which improves the fast chemical and bactericidal reaction.

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