scholarly journals Arsenic and heavy metals contamination, risk assessment and their source in drinking water of the Mardan District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1073-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nida Gul ◽  
Mohammad Tahir Shah ◽  
Sardar Khan ◽  
Nimat Ullah Khattak ◽  
Said Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
World Health ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Guideline Values

The present study was conducted to investigate the physico-chemical characteristics in drinking water of Mardan District, Pakistan. Furthermore, water quality was evaluated for the risk assessment of arsenic and heavy metals (HMs) and their contamination sources. Representative groundwater samples of shallow and deep sources were collected in the study area. These samples were analyzed for physical parameters, anions, light metals (LMs) and HMs. Results were compared with the drinking water guideline values set by the World Health Organization and the US Environmental Protection Agency. Average concentrations of anions, LMs and HMs were found within the maximum allowable contaminant levels except for bicarbonates, Fe, Cu, and Pb. Results revealed that hazard quotients >1 were observed for shallow groundwater for 10% samples only, suggesting potential health risk from water consumption. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis showed a relationship among various physico-chemical parameters in both shallow and deep groundwater. Statistical analyses suggested the geogenic and anthropogenic sources for possible enhancement of various physico-chemical parameters in the aquifer system of the study area.

scholarly journals Quality and Health Risk Assessment Associated with Water Consumption—A Case Study on Karstic Springs

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3510
Author(s):  
Ana Moldovan ◽  
Maria-Alexandra Hoaghia ◽  
Eniko Kovacs ◽  
Ionuț Cornel Mirea ◽  
Marius Kenesz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Guideline Value ◽  
Guideline Values

In rural areas without centralized water supply systems, inhabitants often use groundwater of unknown quality as drinking water, without understanding the possible negative consequences on their health. Karstic spring waters from Dobrogea region in Romania were assessed for their potential to be used as drinking water source, according to their quality and seasonal variation. The physico-chemical parameters of waters were compared with the guideline values for drinking water established by the World Health Organization and the Directive 98/83/EC. The nitrate and Cr concentrations exceeded the guideline value in the springs from Southern Dobrogea, but met the quality criteria in those from Northern Dobrogea, thus, to be used as drinking water, the karstic springs located in Southern Dobrogea require treatment for nitrates removal. Heavy metals pollution indices showed low to medium cumulative heavy metal pollution in all springs, while the human health risk assessment by oral exposure indicated possible noncarcinogenic risks of nitrates, both for adults and children in springs from South Dobrogea. A rigorous monitoring of the water quality before human consumption is recommended for all four studied water sources.

scholarly journals Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Kampala (Uganda) Drinking Water

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bamuwamye ◽  
Patrick Ogwok ◽  
Vivian Tumuhairwe ◽  
Richard Eragu ◽  
Henriettah Nakisozi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cancer Risks ◽  
Guideline Values

Levels of aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc in tap water, groundwater-fed protected spring and bottled water were determined. The cancer and non-cancer risks associated with ingestion of heavy metals (HM) were also assessed for both children and adults. Forty seven water samples obtained from five divisions of Kampala city were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Cancer and non-cancer risks were determined using incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) and non-carcinogenic hazard quotient (HQ), respectively. Lead content was higher than permissible limits (PL) according to East African Standard, World Health Organization, European Union and United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Arsenic showed minor exceedances above guideline values in tap water and groundwater-fed protected spring, whereas mercury, manganese and nickel were higher than PL. Levels of aluminium, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, and zinc were below the PL. The lifetime risk of developing cancer through the oral route was greater than the USEPA acceptable level for both children and adults, revealing that exposure to HM in drinking water posed an unacceptable potential cancer risk. Arsenic contributed ca. 90% of the ILCR in tap water and groundwater-fed protected spring. The combined non-cancer risk of the HM expressed as hazard index (HI) was greater than one, with values for children being higher than those for adults. Lead contribution towards HI was in all cases above 90%. These results demonstrate the presence of alarming non-cancer risks for children.

scholarly journals Appraising the Physico-chemical Characteristics and Heavy Metals in Pond Water at Quarry Site in Ngwogwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-252
Author(s):  
P. C. Ogbonna ◽  
N. P. Ukpai ◽  
K. O. Obasi ◽  
S. O. Umezuruike
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
State Government ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Permissible Limit ◽  
World Health ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Standard Organization ◽  
Health Organization

Quarrying as a land use is a potential source of water pollution but lack of access to safe drinking water has impelled people to make use of pond water from quarry sites. This study investigated the physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals of water samples collected at China quarry site in Ngwogwo Ivo Local Government of Ebonyi State, Nigeria. The concentrations of Cd (0.01±0.00 to 0.02±0.00 mg/l), Pb (6.70±0.78 to 7.87±1.08 mg/l), Ni (1.03±0.04 to 1.37±0.04 mg/l), As (1.99±0.02 to 2.35±0.09 mg/l), Fe (3.66±0.44 to 4.18±0.04 mg/l) and Zn (2.47±0.06 to 3.17±1.13 mg/l) were higher than the permissible limit of drinking water by World Health Organization, WHO and Standard Organization of Nigeria, SON. Also, the values of biochemical oxygen demand, BOD (37.57±1.44 to 53.13±0.86 mg/l), chemical oxygen demand, COD (59.55±0.51 to 61.28±0.64 mg/l), dissolved oxygen, DO (5.14±1.51 to 5.75±1.09 mg/l), Mn (3.64±0.91 to 5.10±1.27 %) and Ca (91.88±0.18 to 102.83±0.59 %) were higher than the permissible limit recommended by WHO. Consequently, it is recommended that quarry workers and inhabitants of Ngwogwo should be discouraged from making use of the pond water since it is not fit and will expose them to serious health challenges. In addition, Ebonyi State Government should demand Environmental Impact Assessment report from miners before issuing operating license to them.

scholarly journals Assessment of River and Groundwater Quality and its Suitability for Domestic Uses in Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 439-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D Shinde ◽  
K. A Patil ◽  
P. A Sadgir
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
World Health ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Godavari River ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The ongoing degradation of the water quality of central Maharashtra’s basaltic aquifer is of great concern for different authorities and agencies involved in the water sector in the Maharashtra, India. The Kham river, which is one of the major tributaries of the Godavari river, receives all domestic and industrial waste water from the Aurangabad city. The river, with no natural flow in the dry season, is extensively used for irrigation. In order to evaluate the quality of river and groundwater in the study area, eight river water and forty groundwater samples along right and left bank of the Kham river were collected and analyzed for various parameters. Physical and chemical parameters of the river and groundwater such as pH, TDS, EC, SO4, NO3 and heavy metals like Pb, Cr, Cd, Zn, and Cu were determined. The results show that the river and groundwater of the area is generally unfit for domestic uses. Most of the physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals in the river and groundwater samples have higher value than the World Health Organization (WHO, 2006) and Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS, 2003) guidelines.

scholarly journals Impact of Solid Waste Dumpsite on Groundwater Quality in the Neighbouring Communities

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
O. V. Ajibade ◽  
P. O. Ogungbile ◽  
M. K. C. Sridhar ◽  
A. O. Coker
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Drinking Water Contamination ◽  
Groundwater Aquifer ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Local Ecosystem ◽  
The Impact

Leachate seepages into groundwater aquifer from solid waste dumpsites is likely to release toxic pollutants in groundwater which are hazardous to human health and local ecosystem. A study was conducted on the Physico-chemical parameters of dumpsite leachate and surrounding groundwater from Awotan Solid Waste Dumpsite, in Ibadan, Oyo State. The study was aimed at assessing the impact of the leachate from the dumpsite. The physicochemical analyses of the water samples were carried by standard analytical methods. The results obtained were compared with the WHO (World Health Organization) permissible limit of those parameters in drinking water. The Physico-chemical values obtained for the dumpsite leachate were generally higher than those of groundwater samples, suggesting that a source of contamination could be from the dumpsite leachate. The pH of groundwater samples ranged between 5.03 to 6.94, indicating that the groundwater was acidic. Results of Physico-chemical parameters of dumpsite leachate for Cl-, NO3, TH, Alk, BOD, COD exceeded the WHO limits for drinking water. The BOD and COD of dumpsite leachate and groundwater samples exceeded the WHO limits and hence not safe for drinking. The concentration of Cl- and TH in the groundwater closer to the dumpsite were higher than WHO permissible limits for drinking water. Also, concentrations of the analyzed parameters decreased with increasing distance from the dumpsite, thus implicating leachate seepage from the dumpsite into the groundwater. It is therefore recommended that dumpsites be located away from the human settlements to avoid drinking water contamination and local ecosystem & biodiversity degradation.

scholarly journals PRESENCE OF HEAVY METALS (LEAD AND CADMIUM) IN MEAT SAMPLED FROM THE TAMALE ABATTOIR AND RISK ASSESSMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 362-369
Author(s):  
P. Boahene ◽  
Z. A. Imoro ◽  
S. J. Cobbina ◽  
F. J. Akpabey ◽  
S. A. Ofori
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
World Health ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Meat Samples

The study investigated the presence and concentration of possible heavy metals residues in meat processed at Tamale abattoir. A total of twenty-seven (27) animal parts (liver, kidney and muscles) from goats, sheep and cattle were sampled and analysed for heavy metals using the Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (GFAAS). Means and standard deviations of Pb and Cd concentrations were computed from the data collected to test for the difference in heavy metal concentrations in the various meat samples. Liver samples from all three different animals were found to contain the highest concentration of Pb (3.17±2.39 mg/kg) and Cd (3.47±3.19 mg/kg). The sampled muscles of all animals used had an average Cd concentration above the permissible. Pb concentrations in cattle and sheep were found to be higher than the permissible limits indicated by the World Health Organisation and United States Environmental Protection Agency. The average daily dose (ADD) of Pb exposure to humans via ingestion were 7.64 × 10˗9 ˗ 2.19 × 10˗8 for children and 3.27 ˗ 9.35 × 10˗9 for adults. For Cd, the ADD were 1.96 ˗ 4.57 × 10˗6 for children and 1.13 ˗ 2.63 × 10˗7 for adults. Human health risk assessment proved no eminent risk of carcinogenicity to consumers, but it is estimated that the higher levels of Pb and Cd in the meat samples may pose a potential health risk over a period of continual exposure. Keywords: Heavy Metals, Kidney, Liver, Muscle, Abattoir

scholarly journals Role of mafic and ultramafic rocks in drinking water quality and its potential health risk assessment, Northern Pakistan

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1130-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaheen Begum ◽  
Mohammad Tahir Shah ◽  
Said Muhammad ◽  
Sardar Khan
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Ultramafic Rocks ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physico Chemical

This study investigates the drinking water (groundwater and surface water) quality and potential risk assessment along mafic and ultramafic rocks in the Swat district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Provence, Pakistan. For this purpose, 82 groundwater and 33 surface water samples were collected and analyzed for physico-chemical parameters. Results showed that the majority of the physico-chemical parameters were found to be within the drinking water guidelines set by the World Health Organization. However, major cationic metals such as magnesium (Mg), and trace metals (TM) including iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr) and cobalt (Co) showed exceeded concentrations in 13%, 4%, 2%, 20%, 20% and 55% of water samples, respectively. Health risk assessment revealed that the non-carcinogenic effects or hazard quotient values through the oral ingestion pathway of water consumption for the TM (viz., Fe, Cr and Mn) were found to be greater than 1, could result in chronic risk to the exposed population. Results of statistical analyses revealed that mafic and ultramafic rocks are the main sources of metal contamination in drinking water, especially Ni and Cr. Both Ni and Cr have toxic health effects and therefore this study suggests that contaminated sites should be avoided or treated for drinking and domestic purposes.

scholarly journals Physico-Chemical Parameters and Diversity of Phytoplankton in Kirtankhola River, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-197
Author(s):  
Riyad Hossen ◽  
Shaswati Chakraborty ◽  
Dipalok Karmoker ◽  
Subroto K Das
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
World Health ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Phytoplankton Diversity ◽  
Port Area ◽  
Physico Chemical

The river Kirtankhola has great importance in southern part of Bangladesh due to its necessity in transportations, municipal and agricultural purposes. But the ecological status and impacts of water quality on phytoplankton diversity were undiscovered. To cover the maximum area of the river, water samples were collected from the 6 locations (ST) covering about 13 km. Some parameters were measured immediately after sampling by portable devices and others done in laboratory following standard methods. The overall quality of the water was found good according to water quality guidelines of World Health Organization, although the water of port area showed comparatively high SO42- and CO3- values which attracts attention for future monitoring. ST 6 showed comparatively more alkaline water (pH 8.45) along with highest EC, TDS, NO3-, NH4+ and DIP values. Besides, 53 phytoplankton taxa belonging to Cyanophyceae (6), Chlorophyceae (10), Euglenophyceae (12) and Bacillariophyceae (25) were identified from the river. Scenedesmus acuminatus was found commonly in five stations except ST 1, whereas Euglena chlamydophora (ST 1), Gomphonema olivaceum (ST 3) and Cymbella parva (ST 5) found rarely. Highest diversity was counted in ST 6. Moreover, Chlorophyceae and Bacillariophyceae have positive correlation with several physical parameters, whereas Cyanophyceae negatively correlated. Euglenophyceae has both negative and positive correlations with some physico-chemical parameters. However, this was first attempt to measure diversity of primary producers and their correlations with water quality of Kirtankhola River.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Level of Some Selected Heavy Metals and Physicochemical in Abzana Water Samples, Kibet Woreda, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tolesa Tesfaye ◽  
Haregot Tesfau ◽  
Adigi Balcha ◽  
Muktar Hassen
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Electrical Conductance ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sampling Station ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Abstract Background: This study was conducted to investigate the contamination level of Abzana water in Asano district. A total of five water samples were collected from different point of Abzana water. Some parameters of water were analyzed like temperature, pH, electrical conductance and total dissolved solids (TDS) and four heavy metal (Cd, Pb, Cr, and Mn) concentration using standard procedures and the results were compared with WHO guideline values. Result: The results of the present study have shown the temperatures of all sampling station range between 18.9 and 19.2°c. The pH was found to be of range from 6.54 to 7.11 whereas, the electrical conductance was 174.5 to 206(µS/cm). In addition, the lowest value of TDS was 131.4 and the highest was 140.1 ppm. In contrast, heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr and Mn) were analyzed and compared with standards of drinking water. The results indicate that the mean concentration of Cd (0.00664mg/l) exceeded the standards, although the mean concentration of Mn, Pb and Cr were found within the standard limit at 0.076082, 0.00810 and 0.035442 mg/l respectively. Conclusion: The concentrations of the investigated metal (Cr, Pb and Mn) and all physico-chemical result of Abzana water from Asano kebele were found below the guidelines for drinking water given by the World Health Organization. But the concentration of Cd in Abzana water sample was found above the permissible limit of WHO standards. Therefore, it was not safe for drinking and health effect according metals what we have studied here.

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS APPLY TO ANALYSIS OF DRINKING WATER IN NANDED DISTRICT: MAHARASHTRA.

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 2589-2592
Author(s):  
MaheshSakharam Bachewar ◽  
◽  
PathanAhemad Mahebubsab. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physico Chemical
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