scholarly journals No increase in drug dispensing for acute gastroenteritis after Storm Klaus, France 2009

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 737-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Pirard ◽  
S. Goria ◽  
S. Nguengang Wakap ◽  
C. Galey ◽  
Y. Motreff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Reference Level ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Power Outages ◽  
Drinking Water Disinfection ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Insurance Database

During the night of 23–24 January 2009, Storm Klaus hit south-western France and caused power outages affecting 1,700,000 homes and stopping numerous pumping and drinking water disinfection systems. In France, medicalized acute gastroenteritis (MAGE) outbreaks are monitored by analysing the daily amount of reimbursements of medical prescriptions, registered in the French National Health Insurance database, at the ‘commune’ administrative level. As AGE is suspected to be associated with perturbations to water supply systems as well as power outages, Storm Klaus provided an opportunity to test its influence on the incidence of MAGE in the communes of three affected French departments (administrative areas larger than communes). The geographical exposure indicator was built by using the mapping of the water distribution zones, the reported distribution/production stoppages and their duration. Irrespective of exposure class, a relative risk of MAGE of 0.86 (95% confidence 0.84–0.88) was estimated compared with the ‘unexposed’ reference level. Although these results must be considered with caution because of a potential marked decrease in global medical consultation probably due to impassable roads, they do not suggest a major public health impact of Klaus in terms of increased MAGE incidence.

scholarly journals A Survey of Pressure Control Approaches in Water Supply Systems

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1732
Author(s):  
Thapelo C. Mosetlhe ◽  
Yskandar Hamam ◽  
Shengzhi Du ◽  
Eric Monacelli
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Entire System ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Solution Methods ◽  
Supply Systems

Pressure control in water distribution networks (WDNs) provides an avenue for improving both their sustainability and reliability. The complexities of the networks make the problem more challenging as various situational operations must be accounted for to ensure that the entire system performs under recommended conditions. In general, this problem is addressed by the installation of pressure reducing valves (PRVs) in WDNs and determining their appropriate settings. Researchers have proposed the utilization of several control techniques. However, the limitations of both computational and financial resources have compelled the researchers to investigate the possibility of limiting the PRVs while ensuring their control is sufficient for the entire system. Several approaches have been put forward to mitigate this sub-problem of the pressure control problem. This paper presents a review of existing techniques to solve both the localization of PRVs and their control problems. It dwells briefly on the classification of these methods and subsequently highlights their merits and demerits. Despite the available literature, it can be noted that the solution methods are yet to be harmonized. As a result, various avenues of research areas are available. This paper further presents the possible research areas that could be exploited in this domain.

scholarly journals Burst Detection in Water Distribution Systems: The Issue of Dataset Collection

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 8219
Author(s):  
Andrea Menapace ◽  
Ariele Zanfei ◽  
Manuel Felicetti ◽  
Diego Avesani ◽  
Maurizio Righetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Stochastic Modelling ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Supply Systems

Developing data-driven models for bursts detection is currently a demanding challenge for efficient and sustainable management of water supply systems. The main limit in the progress of these models lies in the large amount of accurate data required. The aim is to present a methodology for the generation of reliable data, which are fundamental to train anomaly detection models and set alarms. Thus, the results of the proposed methodology is to provide suitable water consumption data. The presented procedure consists of stochastic modelling of water request and hydraulic pipes bursts simulation to yield suitable synthetic time series of flow rates, for instance, inlet flows of district metered areas and small water supply systems. The water request is obtained through the superimposition of different components, such as the daily, the weekly, and the yearly trends jointly with a random normal distributed component based on the consumption mean and variance, and the number of users aggregation. The resulting request is implemented into the hydraulic model of the distribution system, also embedding background leaks and bursts using a pressure-driven approach with both concentrated and distributed demand schemes. This work seeks to close the gap in the field of synthetic generation of drinking water consumption data, by establishing a proper dedicated methodology that aims to support future water smart grids.

The parthenogenetic midge of water supply systems, Paratanytarsus grimmii (Schneider) (Diptera: Chironomidae)

1988 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Langton ◽  
P. S. Cranston ◽  
P. Armitage
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Chironomid Midges ◽  
New Synonymy ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Pharate Adult

AbstractChironomid midges have been known to include parthenogenetic species for over a century. One of these species, Paratanytarsus grimmii (Schneider), cited under several different names here shown to be junior synonyms, has attained some notoriety as a pest. Its occurrence as a supposedly paedogenetic (actually pharate adult parthenogenetic) inhabitant of water distribution systems is discussed and related to its more usual occurrence in a variety of small water bodies including aquaria. New synonymy is proposed and a lectotype designated.

Management tools for hydro energy interventions in water supply systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jos Frijns ◽  
Enrique Cabrera Marchet ◽  
Nelson Carriço ◽  
Dídia Covas ◽  
Antonio J. Monteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Hydraulic Performance ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Hydropower Potential ◽  
Supply Systems

There is significant potential for energy recovery through the use of micro-hydropower installations in water supply systems (WSS). To exploit the full potential of hydro energy in balance with the optimal hydraulic performance and water supply service, multi-objective management tools are needed. This paper presents the application of four management tools: (1) an energy audit to evaluate the potential hydro energy in the water pressurised systems of Alcoy; (2) multi-criteria decision-making methods for the selection of the preferred energy-efficient operation of a system with a pump-storage reservoir and hydro-turbines in the Algarve; (3) a numerical dynamic tool for optimal turbine operation in the water distribution of Langhirano; and (4) an urban water optioneering tool to estimate the hydropower potential of the external aqueduct network in Athens. These methods showed that through an integrated approach the WSS can be optimised for both hydraulic performance and hydro energy production.

scholarly journals Process of hydraulic models calibration

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 00007
Author(s):  
Izabela Zimoch ◽  
Ewelina Bartkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Roughness Coefficient ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Network Graph ◽  
Supply Systems

Mathematical modelling of the water supply systems (WSS) and water quality changes in the system is a complex and difficult task to solve, it requires an interdisciplinary approach to considering the determinants of WSS work. Prognosis models of the WSS in relation to hydraulic quantities are well known and there are many packages that implement these models. These packages allow you to calculate the flow and pressure in the water distribution system under certain operating conditions. However, to make a hydraulic model a useful tool in the management of water supply systems, a calibration process is required. This process involves estimating model parameters to minimize the difference between model results and actual observations. This is a complex and multi-stage process where the network graph and parameters such as roughness coefficient, pump characteristics, or nodal demands are checked and corrected. The following work contains a complex process of calibration of the actual WSS that supplies water to the customers of the selected part of the Silesian agglomeration.

Evaluating the potential of biofilm control in water supply systems by removal of phosphorus from drinking water

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 211-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jānis Rubulis ◽  
Tālis Juhna
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
Supply Systems

Effect of microbially available phosphorus (MAP) on biofilm development in drinking water systems was investigated at the pilot-scale experiments over 3 years. Completely mixed biofilm reactors Propella® (water detention time 24 h, flow rate 0.25 m s−1, PVC pipe coupons) were used as water distribution network models. Four experimental runs were carried out with water containing different levels of phosphorus which was limiting nutrient for bacterial growth. Positive correlation between MAP in the inlet water and heterotrophic plate count (correlation coefficient 0.95) in biofilm, as well as for the total bacteria number (correlation coefficient 0.71), was observed. However, our experiments showed that removal of phosphorus down to very low levels (below detection limits of chemical method and MAP < 1 μg L−1) was not an efficient strategy to eliminate bacterial regrowth and biofilm formation (<51,00,000 cells/cm2) in drinking water supply systems.

scholarly journals Assessment of Renewal Priority of Water Pipeline Network against Earthquake Risk

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 572
Author(s):  
Shogo Hamamoto ◽  
Lisa Ito ◽  
Akihiro Tokai
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
Pipeline Networks ◽  
Water Pipeline ◽  
Priority Assessment ◽  
Supply Systems

Long-term outage of drinking water supply after earthquakes has large adverse impacts on the lives of residents and cities’ water supply systems. Priority assessment is required to determine the effective order of preparing the measures against these hazards. Previous studies have insufficiently focused on the effects of seismic resistance of core pipelines, thereby affecting all the other branched pipelines that supply the water to each residential area. In our research, we aimed to propose the appropriate order of core pipelines derived from the center of the water treatment plants in Osaka, Japan against the Nankai Trough earthquake. Solutions that cause less damage have been needed because natural disaster prediction has had a lot of uncertainty. We proposed indices that can evaluate an appropriate renewal plan that considers the damage of core pipelines of water and the renewal cost for core pipeline networks based on the scenario analysis and the Monte Carlo simulation. The amount of water distribution of core pipelines in each area is the top priority when renewing them in terms of cost-effectiveness and expected rate of water outage under the disaster.

scholarly journals PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Ladislav Tuhovčák ◽  
Miloslav Tauš ◽  
Tomáš Sucháček
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Software Application ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Water Mains ◽  
Supply Systems

The knowledge of the current technical condition of the operated system is in the interest of the owner or operator of public water supply systems. Such information is the starting point when making decisions on investment projects or planning water mains renewal. The submitted paper introduces the methodology of preliminary assessment of the technical condition of water supply systems and outputs of the software application TEA Water, which makes it possible to assess the technical condition of the specific elements of the water supply systems and clear displaying with the presentation of the assessment results for the entire considered water supply system.

scholarly journals Assessing the impact of working pressure on water meter registration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac G. Musaazi ◽  
Jotham I. Sempewo ◽  
Mohammed Babu ◽  
Nicholas Kiggundu
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Deterministic Models ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Sensitive Parameter ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Water Meter

Abstract Fluctuations in the network pressure of water supply systems affect hydraulic performance and water meter accuracy. The development of metering error curves requires steady-state conditions which are extremely rare in water distribution systems characterized by intermittent supply. Simple deterministic models are suggested and developed from monthly data collected over a 4-year period (2010–2014) for three most dominant meter models (Models 1–3) in the Kampala Water Distribution System (KWDS), Uganda. This study combines pressure and billing information at the same time to understand metering accuracy. Results showed that metering accuracy increased by 4.2, 8.4 and 2.9% when pressure was increased from 10 to 50 m for Models 1–3, respectively. Age did not influence the impact of pressure on meter accuracy. The most sensitive parameter in the model was the meter age. Metering accuracy was relatively constant after a period of 5 years. The least sensitive parameter was the working pressure which caused a slight change to the annual billed volume. The ability of the model to accurately predict the meter registration degenerated with an increasing annual billed volume. Model 2 meters were the best performing and probably the most suitable meters in the KWDS.

scholarly journals Analysis and assessment of water distribution subsystem failure

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-62
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Pietrucha-Urbanik ◽  
Katarzyna Pociask
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Failure Rate ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Network ◽  
Network Failure ◽  
Failure Frequency ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
Supply Systems

Abstract The aim of the study is to analyse and assess the water supply network failure frequency in last ten years, with particular emphasis on the last year of the analysis. The analysis is based on actual data obtained from the water company. The study contains the analysis of the network failure with division into used material, the type of network and place of failure occurrence. Also the failure rate was calculated. Continuous changes in the age and material structure of the water network cause the need for conducting failure frequency research because data on failure rate are the key indicators for operational policy of water supply systems.

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