Price specification issues under block tariffs: a Spanish case study

Water Policy ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Martínez-Espiñeira
Keyword(s):  
Price Elasticity ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Aggregate Data ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
Average Price ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Domestic Water Demand ◽  
Demand Functions ◽  
Marginal Price

A panel of aggregate data from Spain is used to estimate domestic water demand functions under linear and non-linear tariffs. The use of intra-annual European data constitutes an innovative contribution. The average price per unit of water sold is compared with other price specifications that have been suggested to analyze aggregate data. Average-price elasticity estimates lie between -0.51 and -0.67 and are substantially larger than marginal-price elasticity estimates. Elasticities appear inversely correlated to the size of free allowances covered by minimum charges. Climatic variables seem to affect use, although less than in wealthier and drier areas.

scholarly journals A Panel Data Estimation of Domestic Water Demand with IRT Tariff Structure: The Case of the City of Valencia (Spain)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1414
Author(s):  
Mónica Madonado-Devis ◽  
Vicent Almenar-Llongo
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Demand Elasticity ◽  
Average Price ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Domestic Water Demand ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Price Structure ◽  
The City

In urban water provisioning, prices can improve efficiency, contributing to the achievement of the environmental objective. However, household responses to price changes differ widely based on the household characteristics. Analyses performed at the aggregate level ignore the implications of water demand incentives at the individual household level. A large data sample at the household level enables estimation of econometric models of water demand, capturing the heterogeneity in domestic consumption. This study estimated the domestic water demand in the city of Valencia and its elasticity, along with the demands of its different districts and neighbourhoods (intra-urban scale analysis). Water price structure in Valencia is completely different from that of other Spanish cities: it is a price structure of increasing volume (increasing rate tariffs, IRT). For this estimation, from a microdata panel at the household level, the demand function with average prices for the period 2008–2011 was estimated using panel data techniques including a fixed effect for each neighbourhood. The domestic water demand elasticity at the average price in Valencia was estimated at −0.88 (which is higher than that estimated for other Spanish cities). This value indicates an inelastic demand at the average price of the previous period, which can cause consumers to overestimate the price and react more strongly to changes.

scholarly journals Using Water Balance to Analyze Water Availability for Communities ( A Case Study in Some Areas of Bengawan Solo Watershed)

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alif Noor Anna ◽  
Kuswaji Dwi Priyono ◽  
Suharjo Suharjo ◽  
Yuli Priyana
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Domestic Water Demand ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Water Surplus

This study aimed: (a) to determine the general water balance at the Upstream and Midstream of Bengawan Solo Watershed by using Thornthwaite-Mather model, and (b) to determine the fulfillment of domestic water demand in the Upstream and Midstream of Bengawan Solo Watershed. Prevailing climate change has affected the condition of water source in Upstream and Midstream of Bengawan Solo Watershed. One of the impacts was extreme fluctuation of meteorological water availability that might cause flood and drought. Survey was selected as the research method while descriptive quantitative method was used for data analysis. The findings indicated the difference between precipitation and corrected evapotranspiration (P-EP) at the Upstream and Midstream of Bengawan Solo Watershed was between (-11.19 mm) to (78.56 mm). The highest value was obtained by Bambang Sub-watershed and the lowest was Wiroko Temon Sub-watershed. Positive value indicated the water surplus while negative value indicated water deficit. Domestic water demand for local communities was in the range of 50,782,500 liters to 131,690,700 liters, and the level of water availability varied, namely fulfilled and unfulfilled. 

scholarly journals Long-Term Projections of Domestic Water Demand: A Case Study of London and the Thames Valley

2019 ◽  
Vol 145 (11) ◽  
pp. 05019017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizwan Nawaz ◽  
Philip Rees ◽  
Stephen Clark ◽  
Gordon Mitchell ◽  
Adrian McDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Domestic Water Demand

Socioeconomic factors affecting domestic water demand in Israel

1975 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 805-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peretz Darr ◽  
Stephen L. Feldman ◽  
Charles S. Kamen
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Domestic Water Demand

scholarly journals MODELLING OF DOMESTIC WATER DEMAND USING SPATIAL DATA POPULATION FOR CISADANE UPSTREAM WATERSHED

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Dina Paramitha Anggraeni Hidayat ◽  
Yuddi Yudistira
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
Domestic Water Demand ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Watershed Boundary ◽  
Administrative Boundary

<p><em>In Indonesia, water resources management planning has done based on river area. But the problem is the calculation still based on population data with administrative boundary. This is caused by the lack of population data with watershed or river area boundary. Geographical Information System (GIS) is a tools to analyze, visualize and interpret data with spatial and geographic data. For this research, GIS is used to generate population data with watershed and river area boundary,then the result will used for domestic water demand calculation for Cisadane upstream watershed. For all district in Cisadane Upstream Watershed, the largest district in entire watershed are Cibungbulang, Leuwiliang and Nanggung. But the most dense population are Ciomas, Ciampea and Cibungbulang. The calculation using watershed boundary resulting significant difference from district boundary. With spatial data population using watershed boundary, domestic water demand calculation result can be more accurate than using all district population data. </em></p>

scholarly journals Domestic water demand forecasting in the Yellow River basin under changing environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-388
Author(s):  
Xiao-jun Wang ◽  
Jian-yun Zhang ◽  
Shamsuddin Shahid ◽  
Lang Yu ◽  
Chen Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Yellow River Basin ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Domestic Water Demand ◽  
The Yellow River Basin

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a statistical-based model to forecast future domestic water demand in the context of climate change, population growth and technological development in Yellow River. Design/methodology/approach The model is developed through the analysis of the effects of climate variables and population on domestic water use in eight sub-basins of the Yellow River. The model is then used to forecast water demand under different environment change scenarios. Findings The model projected an increase in domestic water demand in the Yellow River basin in the range of 67.85 × 108 to 62.20 × 108 m3 in year 2020 and between 73.32 × 108 and 89.27 × 108 m3 in year 2030. The general circulation model Beijing Normal University-Earth System Model (BNU-ESM) predicted the highest increase in water demand in both 2020 and 2030, while Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques Climate Model v.5 (CNRM-CM5) and Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate- Earth System (MIROC-ESM) projected the lowest increase in demand in 2020 and 2030, respectively. The fastest growth in water demand is found in the region where water demand is already very high, which may cause serious water shortage and conflicts among water users. Originality/value The simple regression-based domestic water demand model proposed in the study can be used for rapid evaluation of possible changes in domestic water demand due to environmental changes to aid in adaptation and mitigation planning.

scholarly journals Optimal Water Resources Regulation for the Pond Irrigation System Based on Simulation—A Case Study in Jiang-Huai Hilly Regions, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 2717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shangming Jiang ◽  
Shaowei Ning ◽  
Xiuqing Cao ◽  
Juliang Jin ◽  
Fan Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Allocation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Technological Support ◽  
Domestic Water Demand ◽  
Irrigation Districts ◽  
Regulation Model

Due to the importance and complexity of water resources regulations in the pond irrigation systems of the Jiang-Huai hilly regions, a water allocation simulation model for pond irrigation districts based on system simulation theory was developed in this study. To maximize agricultural irrigation benefits while guaranteeing rural domestic water demand, an optimal water resources regulation model for pond irrigation districts and a simulation-based optimal water resources regulation technology system for the pond irrigation system were developed. Using this system, it was determined that the suitable pond coverage rate (pond capacity per unit area) was 2.92 × 105 m3/km2. Suitable water supply and operational rules for adjusting crop planting structure were also developed the water-saving irrigation method and irrigation system. To guarantee rural domestic water demand, the multi-year average total irrigation water deficit of the study area decreased by 4.66 × 104 m3/km2; the average multi-year water deficit ratio decreased from 20.40% to 1.18%; the average multi-year irrigation benefit increased by 1.11 × 105 RMB (16,128$)/km2; and the average multi-year revenue increased by 6.69%. Both the economic and social benefits were significant. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis and technological support for comprehensive pone governance in the Jiang-Huai hilly regions and promote the establishment of a water allocation scheme and irrigation system for pond irrigation districts, which have practical significance and important application value.

scholarly journals Long-term desalinated water demand and investment requirements: a case study of Riyadh

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. K. M. Ouda ◽  
Y. Khalid ◽  
A. H. Ajbar ◽  
M. Rehan ◽  
K. Shahzad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Desalinated Water ◽  
Desalination Plants

Abstract The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is situated in an arid region and faces a chronic challenge to meet its increasing water demand. Riyadh is the capital of KSA and home to about six million people. The water demand is mostly met by groundwater resources (up to 48%), while the desalination plants cover the rest of the water supply requirements. There is a potential risk of a significant gap in water demand–supply due to the retirement of old desalination plants. This study, therefore, developed a probabilistic model to forecast desalinated water demand in Riyadh for domestic purposes up to the year 2040 based on three scenarios: low growth, the most likely (mean), and high growth scenario. The results showed that an investment of about US$6.24, 11.59, and 16.04 billion is required to meet the future domestic water demand of the city for the next 25 years based on low, mean, and high growth scenarios, respectively. Moreover, a strong commitment to public–private partnership is required to remove the fiscal budget burden related to the desalination along with public awareness campaigns to reduce per capita water consumption, upgrading the water tariff system and using renewable energy to run desalination plants.

scholarly journals An improved area-based guideline for domestic water demand estimation in South Africa

Water SA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 381 ◽  
Author(s):  
HJ Van Zyl ◽  
AA Ilemobade ◽  
JE Van Zyl
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Demand Estimation ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Domestic Water Demand
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