Factors influencing household willingness to pay (WTP) for drinking water in peri-urban areas: a case study in the Indian context

Water Policy ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 461-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Venkatachalam
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Household Behavior ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
Water Supply Services

One of the major issues confronted by the agencies formulating polices for water supply projects in developing countries is how to achieve efficiency, equity and sustainability. Achieving these objectives warrants an understanding of the determinants of household behaviour towards various aspects of water supply projects, such as improved water supply services and the associated willingness to pay value for specified services. Since these determinants are site-specific in nature, it is imperative that the water supply authorities identify and accommodate these factors appropriately in water supply policies. This paper discusses the results of a case study that looked into identification of such determinants of household behavior in relation to improved water supply services in a peri-urban context in Tamil Nadu, India.

scholarly journals Energy Rehabilitation of Social Housing in Vulnerable Areas. Case study: a 1950s Building in a Medium-sized Mediterranean City

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Ruá María José ◽  
Huedo Patricia ◽  
Cabeza Manuel ◽  
Saez Beatriz ◽  
Civera Vicente
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Performance Simulation ◽  
Urban Level

In the urban context, buildings play a key role as they are energy consumers. In well-established cities with a high percentage of aged building stock, the focus should lie on sensitive urban areas where the weakest population sectors and the worst physico-economic conditions are usually encountered. In this work, the energy refurbishment of social housing is proposed. A block of municipally owned buildings is selected as a case study to consider that public buildings play an exemplary role according to Directive 2012/27/EU. The group is formed by 12 buildings, which account for 120 dwellings.This study is grounded on two levels. First the urban level. The building is located in a prioritised urban Area of Rehabilitation, Renovation and Urban Regeneration (ARRU), according to the new local Land Plan. This area presents multidimensional vulnerability and considers urban, building, socio-demographic and socio-economic features. Second, the building presents very low energy performance. It was built in 1959 when a high demand of dwellings and the economic resources then available led to low-quality buildings that are far from meeting today’s standards.Some proposals are made, having in mind the specific features of the urban context. The energy refurbishment of the building is proposed, selecting the optimal solution, considering technical, environmental and economic criteria. The energy performance simulation shows a remarkable improvement of the energy performance, resulting in an improvement of the thermal comfort of the dwellers. Besides, a reduction in the energy consumption is reached, which would reduce the energy bills and, on the other hand, a reduction of the carbon emissions to the atmosphere, contributing to a better environment quality. Having in mind that the building is intended for social housing, energy poverty situations could be avoided, as dwellings are inhabited by low-income dwellers.

scholarly journals Programa Cisterna nas Escolas: estudo de caso na Microrregião Serrana dos Quilombos no estado de Alagoas, Brasil

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1050
Author(s):  
Elvis Pantaleão Ferreira ◽  
José Thales Pantaleão Ferreira ◽  
Fabiana De Souza Pantaleão
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Rural Schools ◽  
The State ◽  
Report Cards ◽  
Public System ◽  
The Public ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Water Supply Services

O Projeto Cisternas nas Escolas objetiva o fornecimento de água para as escolas rurais do Semiárido, utilizando ações estruturais mediante concepção de cisternas como tecnologia social para armazenamento de água pluvial, e ações não estruturais por meio de práticas educativas contextualizadas. Este trabalho objetiva apresentar um pioneiro diagnóstico da infraestrutura dos serviços de abastecimento de água as escolas rurais em que foram implantadas cisternas do Programa Cisternas nas Escolas na Microrregião Serrana dos Quilombos, no estado de Alagoas, especificamente no município de Santana do Mundaú, utilizando-se como metodologia a pesquisa exploratória e qualitativa, com emprego de entrevista semiestruturada e não estruturada, além do uso de questionário, fichas-relatório e registros fotográficos. Das cisternas implantadas nas escolas, apenas uma está sendo parcialmente utilizada. Estão todas elas totalmente desprovidas de acompanhamento técnico, sendo possível perceber a falta de interesse do executivo municipal na promoção da manutenção desses equipamentos. São fundamentais ações que elevem o empoderamento social a essas construções.  Cistern in Schools Program: case study in the mountainous microregion of quilombos in the state of Alagoas, Brazil The reality of many rural schools in the public system presents a still worrying scenario regarding access to water. The Cisterns in Schools Project aims to provide water for rural schools in the Semi-Arid and priority areas located in indigenous villages and quilombola communities, using structural actions through the design of cisterns as social technology for rainwater storage, and non-structural actions through contextualized educational practices. The work aims to present a pioneering diagnosis of the infrastructure of water supply services to rural schools in which cisterns of the Cisterns in Schools Program were implemented in the mountainous dos Quilombos Microregion in the state of Alagoas, specifically in the municipality of Santana do Mandau. The methodology was based on exploratory and qualitative research using semi-structured and unstructured interviews, using a questionnaire, report cards and photographic records. Of the cisterns installed in schools, only one is being partially used. They are all totally devoid of technical monitoring, being possible to perceive the lack of interest of the municipal executive in promoting the maintenance of this equipment. Keywords: Water supply, Education, Health.

Cordaid’s Post-Disaster Shelter Strategy in Haiti: Linking Relief and Development

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
Harmen Janse ◽  
Kees van der Flier
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Post Disaster

Haiti was struck by a heavy earthquake in 2010 and international aid poured into the country. News reports in 2011 were not very positive about the results of post-disaster reconstruction: “The relief efforts are only putting Haiti on life-support instead of evolving into the next stage of development”. One of the non-governmental organisations (NGOs) involved in Haiti was Cordaid, implementing a ‘transitional shelter strategy’ to support the transformation of neigh-bourhoods from a state of life-support into a state of self-sustaining development. The strategy was implemented in both a rural and an urban area. The main feature of the strategy was the provision of structures that could be adapted from simple shelters to permanent houses. Since the results of the strategy were mixed and ambiguous, a comparative case study was conducted to evaluate the shelter strategy in both areas. The objective was to draw lessons about what has to be taken into account when formulating future urban shelter strategies. The case study is discussed in this article. The main finding from the case study is that producing the intended number of shelters within the financial and time budgets that were set (efficiency), was more difficult in the urban area than in the rural area. But the conditions for linking relief and development (effectiveness) are more favourable in the urban context. NGOs may achieve long-term (effective) results in the urban context when a lower efficiency can be justified. That is why NGOs need to engage in a debate about the extent to which they are able to focus on long-term shelter or housing strategies. The important element in the debate is communication with the donors who are often focused on short-term relief measures. However urban areas cannot be rebuilt with only short-term interventions. The link between relief and development has to be made by a process-orientated approach focusing on capacities of local participants.

scholarly journals Affordability of water supply in Mongolia: empirical lessons for measuring affordability

Water Policy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Gawel ◽  
Katja Sigel ◽  
Wolfgang Bretschneider
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Household Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Residual Income Approach ◽  
Insight Into

Affordability of water services is a pressing water policy issue for both the developed and, in particular, for the developing world. Despite its well-known theoretical shortcomings, affordability analysis of water supply has, up to now, been widely based on the ratio of a household's water expenditure to its income, the Conventional Affordability Ratio (CAR). However, in the housing sector, alternative concepts for measuring affordability have been developed, among them being the ‘Potential Affordability Approach’ (PAA) and the ‘Residual Income Approach’ (RIA). Against this background, this paper compares these three prominent affordability measures (CAR, PAA, RIA) on the basis of an empirical case study of a peri-urban, low-income area in the second largest Mongolian city of Darkhan, using household data from a survey conducted in 2009. Thus we gain insight into both the water-related affordability situation of people in Mongolia, checking the World Bank's finding of an absence of water affordability problems in peri-urban areas in the Mongolian capital Ulaanbaatar, as well as into the comparative functionality of different affordability measures. It is shown that affordability problems do occur but have to be distinguished depending on the economic causation. We argue that none of the regarded measures give a satisfyingly contoured notion of affordability properly distinguished from the adjacent problems of poverty and access.

scholarly journals Willingness to pay for improved safe drinking water in a coastal urban area in Bangladesh

Water Policy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Nasif Ahsan ◽  
Sheikh Hadiujjaman ◽  
Md. Sariful Islam ◽  
Nishad Nasrin ◽  
Mukta Akter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Trade Offs

Abstract Discontentment with a piped supply system of drinking water has become a significant concern in Bangladesh's urban areas in recent years, necessitating the improvement of different aspects of the system in question. Therefore, by conducting a discrete choice experiment on 115 households out of a systematically selected 161 households, this study aims to estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) for an improved safe drinking water supply by considering the trade-offs made by urban dwellers for the proposed improvements to an existing water supply system in the Khulna City Corporation (KCC) area of Bangladesh. The primary results show that the total WTP of households is estimated at BDT 243.6 (≈US$ 2.87) per month, implying that respondents are ready to pay for improvements to the water supply attributes of water quality, regularity of supply, water pressure in taps, and filtering. A revenue stream for an improved water supply system is also being developed, suggesting that investment in improving the system would be a ‘no-regret’ decision and economically sustainable.

scholarly journals Household’s Willingness to Pay for Improved Water Supply Services in Mettu Town: An Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-99
Author(s):  
S.N. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Water Services ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Tariff Structure ◽  
Water Supply Services

The purpose of the article is to analyze and determine the willingness of citizens to pay for improving the quality of water services (the income derived from the consumption of water services does not cover the costs of providing such services). The study focuses on Ethiopia’s metropolitan areas (including households in town Mettu), as it is the problem of financial scarcity in Ethiopia that is particularly relevant and access to water services is a key component in calculating the human poverty index for most developing countries. Based on a survey of 79 Mettu town households, it is justified that residents view water not as a public good but as an economic good, as they are prepared to pay for it. The survey concluded that an average of 69% of Mettu households is willing to pay for improved water quality, with household income, water supply satisfaction, and supply price having a strong impact on households’ willingness to pay for improved water services. In particular, the older the locals are and the higher their income level, the more they are willing to pay for improved water quality and security of water supply. At the same time, rising levels of education in Mettu residents reduce their willingness to incur additional financial costs, more educated people view water services as a boon to the authorities. The results of the study proved that while providing local authorities with high-quality water supply services, more than 80% of households are ready and able to pay for services at a price that exceeds the tariff rate for water supply costs. The article stated that increasing the quality of water supply services by increasing the number of tariffs for water use will contribute to the growth of the financial revenues of local authorities, which will ensure the provision of water supply in the required quantity and on a stable basis. Keywords: improved water supply services, willingness, bidding Prices and tariff structure.

scholarly journals Evaluation of willingness to pay toward improving water supply services in Sebeta town, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosea Mutanda Eridadi ◽  
Inagaki Yoshihiko ◽  
Esayas Alemayehu ◽  
Moses Kiwanuka
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Current Water ◽  
Average Current ◽  
Binary Logistic Model ◽  
Water Supply Services

Abstract Sebeta town is one of the rapidly growing towns in Ethiopia. Its closeness to Addis Ababa city has attracted industrial, urban development, and population growth. This development has created problems with drinking water shortages in the community. This study aimed at determining the household's willingness to pay (WTP) amount toward improving water supply services and analyzing the influencing factors of WTP. A contingent valuation (CV) technique was applied in quantifying the households' WTP and the influencing factors toward the program. The field observations, key informant interviews, and household questionnaire interviews from 250 respondents out of the targeted 280 were employed in collecting field data. Results from CV revealed that 66% of the households were WTP toward improving the water supply services beyond their current monthly water bills. Households were WTP about 20 Ethiopian Birr (ETB) above the average current water bill of 161 ETB. The binary logistic model results statistically demonstrated that independent variables of gender, age, marital status, education level, years in Sebeta, and average monthly income were significantly influencing the household's WTP at p = 0.01 and 0.05. This study provides vital hints for further research and baseline information for local administration and communities about the water supply in the area and holistic appropriation of water tariffs in line with government policy.

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