scholarly journals Securing the critical role of groundwater for the resilient water-supply of urban Africa

Water Policy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Foster ◽  
Michael Eichholz ◽  
Bertil Nlend ◽  
Julia Gathu
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Proactive Approach ◽  
Resource Sustainability ◽  
Key Policy ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract The provision of secure water-supplies for the rapidly expanding cities of sub-Saharan Africa experiencing climate-change stress will be one of the great infrastructure and environmental challenges of the next 20–50 years. Most African cities are blessed with usable groundwater, and some with the presence of major aquifers, but urban water utilities will need to take a more proactive approach to groundwater resource management and quality protection if the opportunity of a secure water supply is to be sustainably secured. Among the key policy issues that need more attention are rationalising utility groundwater use, prioritising installation of mains sewerage to reduce groundwater pollution risk, promoting enhanced groundwater recharge to improve resource sustainability, using groundwater in ‘decentralised closed-loop water-service systems’ to meet the demands of new outer urban districts, and implementing a consistent policy response to the ‘boom’ in private self-supply from waterwells. The consequences of non-action in terms of much increased exposure to water-supply crises, potentially hazardous water-supply pollution incidents, and irrational public and private investment in water-supply access are highlighted.

How do Liberalization, Institutions and Human Capital Development affect the Nexus between Domestic Private Investment and Foreign Direct Investment? Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-598
Author(s):  
John Mayanja Bbale ◽  
John Bosco Nnyanzi
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Fair Competition ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Capital Development

Developing countries have continued to experience an unprecedented increase in direct foreign investment (FDI) inflows for the past two decades. However, the quantitative impact of the same on private domestic investment (PDI) is still imprecise. Using a system GMM approach and panel data from Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) for the period 1996–2013, we provide evidence in support of the crowding out role of FDI on PDI but the observed nexus is precipitated by the presence of liberalization, human capital development and institutional quality. Interestingly, when we consider the latter variables uninteracted, the improvement of each appears to significantly benefit PDI. In addition, the substitution role of FDI in PDI appears to be stronger in resource-rich than in the resource-poor countries. Additionally, we find that public investment crowds out private investment whereas infrastructure development, past private investment, credit depth, and GDP per capita are supportive of the PDI. However, we document mixed evidence for sub-samples of the East African Community, the Southern Africa Development Corporation, the Economic Community and West African States, and the Economic Community of Central African States. Overall, our study underscores the urgent need for well-directed policies in line with improving institutions, school enrolment, financial systems, infrastructure, and the government prioritization of productive investment that is supportive of the private as well as foreign sector. We advocate for reviews of incentive packages to foreign firms that discourage fair competition if the PDI-FDI complementarity and consequential positive spillovers to other sectors are to be realized for economic development in SSA.

The role of public research agencies in building agri-food bioscience impact and innovation capacity in sub-Saharan Africa: The challenge beyond science capability

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-125
Author(s):  
Helen J. Altshul ◽  
Larelle McMillan ◽  
Andrew Hall
Keyword(s):  
Research Capacity ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Public Science ◽  
The Public ◽  
Innovation Capacity ◽  
Global North ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
African Agriculture

Bioscience advances present important opportunities for economic development and sustainable intensification of African agriculture. In the global North, the private sector invests heavily in applied research, whereas in Africa the public sector shoulders the burden of developing research capacity. This article explores whether public science agencies should assume an expanded role to approach bioscience capacity using a system lens – developing capability for innovation within the whole system. The article identifies the types of intervention, beyond skills development, research infrastructure and funding that could enhance the potential of bioscience as an innovation driver. Following a summary of trends, a model of the system capacities required for bioscience impact and innovation is proposed and used to analyse a case study from East Africa. The results suggest that a fundamental rethink of the role of public science agencies within the wider biosciences landscape is required, necessitating complementary investments and a more complex network of partnerships across public and private sectors.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF INADEQUATE WATER SUPPLY TO THE COMMUNITY, WITH REFERENCE TO GIDAN KWANO IN NIGER STATE: A DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
pp. 108-119
Author(s):  
Yusuf Yahaya ◽  
Mustapha Usman ◽  
Muhammad Yusuf ◽  
Isyaku Rabiu ◽  
Ammani Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Western World ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Relationship

The Study is about the Relationship between the Western world and the Muslim world couple with understanding the role of Saudi Arabia in its leadership to the Islamic world. It analyzes the perceptions of Muslims especially in the Middle East and Sub-Saharan Africa. It takes on a background of Islam and Saudi Arabia from earliest period to date. The study has been limited by understanding the perception of Muslim in relation to Saudi Arabian Leadership role. Time, Money and other resources constraints frequent demands.

Constraints to using livestock to meet dietary needs in developing countries: role of vaccines.

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (058) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia L. Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Selective Breeding ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Animal Source Foods ◽  
Animal Source ◽  
Climate Stress ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Animal agriculture and animal-source foods (ASF) play a critical role in food security, childhood nutrient sufficiency, and economic development in sub-Saharan Africa. Here, we consider constraints to production of ASF in Africa with a focus on infectious animal diseases and climate stress and their control, by vaccines and selective breeding, respectively. This is not a meta-analysis but rather is meant to act as an overview or primer for discussing the value of livestock in developing countries, constraints to this, possible solutions, and finally some roadblocks to accomplishing this. The material provided is based on our own knowledge gained through careers in this field as well as discussions with colleagues.

scholarly journals Responding to the crisis in sub-Saharan Africa: the role of nutrition

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 544-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mickey Chopra ◽  
Ian Darnton-Hill
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Target Date ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
And Child Health

AbstractIn the chapter dealing with education and health, the report of the influential Commission for Africa prioritises basic health systems, HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis. In contrast, nutrition is given less than half a page and is reduced to parasite control and micronutrient support. Such neglect of nutrition is hard to understand in the context of increasing hunger and malnutrition across the continent. Sub-Saharan Africa is the only region in the world where the proportion of underweight children has stagnated and the absolute numbers have actually increased in the last decade. It has been pointed out that if current trends continue sub-Saharan Africa will achieve the Millennium Development Goal for child mortality around 2115 – one century after the target date. Quite clearly those concerned with nutrition need to more powerfully advocate the role of nutrition in lifting Africa out of the spiral of poverty. The present paper argues that to achieve this requires an understanding not just of the critical role of nutrition for health and development (both individual and national), but also of how recent global changes are interacting with changes in food production and supply, other determinants of maternal and child health, and the role and capacity of the state to tackle malnutrition in Africa. It concludes by suggesting some responses that nutritionists could now be making.

scholarly journals Lipophilic Guanylhydrazone Analogues as Promising Trypanocidal Agents: An Extended SAR Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 838-866
Author(s):  
Vasiliki Pardali ◽  
Erofili Giannakopoulou ◽  
Dimitrios-Ilias Balourdas ◽  
Vassilios Myrianthopoulos ◽  
Martin C. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Adamantane Derivative ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Sar Study ◽  
Sar Analysis

In this report, we extend the SAR analysis of a number of lipophilic guanylhydrazone analogues with respect to in vitro growth inhibition of Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi. Sleeping sickness and Chagas disease, caused by the tropical parasites T. brucei and T. cruzi, constitute a significant socioeconomic burden in low-income countries of sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America, respectively. Drug development is underfunded. Moreover, current treatments are outdated and difficult to administer, while drug resistance is an emerging concern. The synthesis of adamantane-based compounds that have potential as antitrypanosomal agents is extensively reviewed. The critical role of the adamantane ring was further investigated by synthesizing and testing a number of novel lipophilic guanylhydrazones. The introduction of hydrophobic bulky substituents onto the adamantane ring generated the most active analogues, illustrating the synergistic effect of the lipophilic character of the C1 side chain and guanylhydrazone moiety on trypanocidal activity. The n-decyl C1-substituted compound G8 proved to be the most potent adamantane derivative against T. brucei with activity in the nanomolar range (EC50=90 nM). Molecular simulations were also performed to better understand the structure-activity relationships between the studied guanylhydrazone analogues and their potential enzyme target.

scholarly journals Grandmother Coresidence, Maternal Orphans, and School Enrollment in Sub-Saharan Africa

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 813-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin M. Parker ◽  
Susan E. Short
Keyword(s):  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Child Schooling ◽  
Aids Pandemic ◽  
Health Survey Data ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Relationship

The HIV/AIDS pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa has brought renewed attention to the role of grandmothers as caregivers of children. Using 2004 Lesotho Demographic and Health Survey data, the authors examine the relationship between coresidence with a grandmother and child schooling in Lesotho, a country with one of the highest rates of HIV infection. Results confirm the critical role grandmothers play in the event of maternal death. Maternal orphans who live with a grandmother are just as likely to be in school as children living with a mother. The protective effect of living with a grandmother is also important for children whose mothers are alive but not affiliated with their households. The results of the analysis underscore the importance of attending to the simultaneous presence of mothers and grandmothers, as well as the circumstances associated with mother absence, when assessing the relationship between grandmother coresidence and child outcomes.

scholarly journals Water supply services for Africa's urban poor: the role of resale

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Zuin ◽  
Leonard Ortolano ◽  
Manuel Alvarinho ◽  
Kory Russel ◽  
Anne Thebo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Quality Dimensions ◽  
Service Quality Dimensions ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Using Data

In sub-Saharan Africa only 35% of the urban population has access to a piped water connection on their premises. The majority of households obtain water from public standpipes or from neighbors who are connected to the municipal network. Water resale is often prohibited, however, because of concerns about affordability and risks to public health. Using data collected from 1,377 households in Maputo, Mozambique, we compare the microbiological quality, as well as the time and money costs of water supply from individual house connections, public standpipes, and water obtained from neighbors. Households with their own water connections have better service across virtually all indicators measured, and express greater satisfaction with their service, as compared with those using other water sources. Households purchasing water from their neighbors pay lower time and money costs per liter of water, on average, as compared with those using standpipes. Resale competes favorably with standpipes along a number of service quality dimensions; however, after controlling for water supply characteristics, households purchasing water from neighbors are significantly less likely to be satisfied with their water service as compared with those using standpipes.

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