scholarly journals Grandmother Coresidence, Maternal Orphans, and School Enrollment in Sub-Saharan Africa

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 813-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin M. Parker ◽  
Susan E. Short
Keyword(s):  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Child Schooling ◽  
Aids Pandemic ◽  
Health Survey Data ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Relationship

The HIV/AIDS pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa has brought renewed attention to the role of grandmothers as caregivers of children. Using 2004 Lesotho Demographic and Health Survey data, the authors examine the relationship between coresidence with a grandmother and child schooling in Lesotho, a country with one of the highest rates of HIV infection. Results confirm the critical role grandmothers play in the event of maternal death. Maternal orphans who live with a grandmother are just as likely to be in school as children living with a mother. The protective effect of living with a grandmother is also important for children whose mothers are alive but not affiliated with their households. The results of the analysis underscore the importance of attending to the simultaneous presence of mothers and grandmothers, as well as the circumstances associated with mother absence, when assessing the relationship between grandmother coresidence and child outcomes.

scholarly journals Relationship between Public Debt Burden and Health Expenditure in Sub-Saharan African Countries: The Role of Institutional Quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rusmawati Said ◽  
Abdullahi Sani Morai
Keyword(s):  
Public Debt ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The Public ◽  
Debt Burden ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Relationship

The historically lower level of public health expenditure of sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries could be partly explained by the mounting debt burden of this region. This consumes a sizable proportion of their domestic resources to debt servicing and potentially decreases their overall budgetary allocations to various sectors in the economy and health expenditure in particular. Using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) approach on a sample of 43 sub-Saharan African countries, we examined the relationship between the public debt burden and health expenditure highlighting the role of institutional quality for the period 2000 – 2014. The empirical result confirms that the relationship between public debt burden and health expenditure in sub-Saharan Africa is negative. Interestingly, however, the marginal effect of the relationship between the public debt burden and health expenditure has shown that such a negative relationship turns out to be positive when the quality of the institutions is at maximum. This suggests that the relationship between the public debt burden and health expenditure in sub-Saharan Africa is a function of institutional quality.  Therefore, to minimize the negative impact of public debt on health expenditure in sub-Saharan Africa, governments should take determine stand to minimize its debt accumulation and intensify efforts toward the improvement of institutional quality in the region comprehensively.

scholarly journals THE MUSLIM’S WORLD IN THE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS: AN ANALYTICAL APPROACH WITH REFERENCE TO SAUDI ARABIAN LEADERSHIP ROLE TO THE MUSLIM UMMAH

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jamilu Danladi ◽  
Muslim Khamis ◽  
Muhammad Yusuf ◽  
Rabiu Ado
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Saudi Arabian ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Western World ◽  
International Affairs ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Relationship

The Study is about the Relationship between the Western world and the Muslim world couple with understanding the role of Saudi Arabia in its leadership to the Islamic world. It analyzes the perceptions of Muslims especially in the Middle East and Sub-Saharan Africa. It takes on a background of Islam and Saudi Arabia from earliest period to date. The study has been limited by understanding the perception of Muslim in relation to Saudi Arabian Leadership role. Time, Money and other resources constraints frequent demands.

scholarly journals Securing the critical role of groundwater for the resilient water-supply of urban Africa

Water Policy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Foster ◽  
Michael Eichholz ◽  
Bertil Nlend ◽  
Julia Gathu
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Proactive Approach ◽  
Resource Sustainability ◽  
Key Policy ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract The provision of secure water-supplies for the rapidly expanding cities of sub-Saharan Africa experiencing climate-change stress will be one of the great infrastructure and environmental challenges of the next 20–50 years. Most African cities are blessed with usable groundwater, and some with the presence of major aquifers, but urban water utilities will need to take a more proactive approach to groundwater resource management and quality protection if the opportunity of a secure water supply is to be sustainably secured. Among the key policy issues that need more attention are rationalising utility groundwater use, prioritising installation of mains sewerage to reduce groundwater pollution risk, promoting enhanced groundwater recharge to improve resource sustainability, using groundwater in ‘decentralised closed-loop water-service systems’ to meet the demands of new outer urban districts, and implementing a consistent policy response to the ‘boom’ in private self-supply from waterwells. The consequences of non-action in terms of much increased exposure to water-supply crises, potentially hazardous water-supply pollution incidents, and irrational public and private investment in water-supply access are highlighted.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF INADEQUATE WATER SUPPLY TO THE COMMUNITY, WITH REFERENCE TO GIDAN KWANO IN NIGER STATE: A DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
pp. 108-119
Author(s):  
Yusuf Yahaya ◽  
Mustapha Usman ◽  
Muhammad Yusuf ◽  
Isyaku Rabiu ◽  
Ammani Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Western World ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Relationship

The Study is about the Relationship between the Western world and the Muslim world couple with understanding the role of Saudi Arabia in its leadership to the Islamic world. It analyzes the perceptions of Muslims especially in the Middle East and Sub-Saharan Africa. It takes on a background of Islam and Saudi Arabia from earliest period to date. The study has been limited by understanding the perception of Muslim in relation to Saudi Arabian Leadership role. Time, Money and other resources constraints frequent demands.

scholarly journals Maternal PrEP use in HIV-uninfected pregnant women in South Africa: Role of Stigma in PrEP initiation, retention and adherence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Moran ◽  
Nyiko Mashele ◽  
Rufaro Mvududu ◽  
Pamina Gorbach ◽  
Linda-Gail Bekker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Antenatal Visit ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Anticipated Stigma ◽  
Hiv Acquisition ◽  
Risk Of Hiv Acquisition ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractPregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa are at high risk of HIV acquisition and require effective methods to prevent HIV. In a cohort of pregnant women offered pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), we evaluate the relationship between internalized and anticipated stigma and PrEP initiation at first antenatal visit, 3-month continuation and adherence using multivariable logistic regression. High internalized and anticipated PrEP stigma are associated with lower PrEP initiation at first antenatal visit (aOR internalized stigma=0.06; 95%CI=0.03-0.12 & aOR anticipated stigma=0.53; 95%CI=0.29-0.97) compared to women with low reported stigma, after controlling for covariates. Women whose partners have not been tested for HIV or whose serostatus remains unknown have 1.6-times odds of PrEP retention at 3-months compared to women whose partners have been tested (aOR=1.60; 95%CI=1.02-2.52) after adjusting for covariates. PrEP counseling and maternal PrEP interventions must consider individual- and relational-level interventions to overcome anticipated PrEP stigma and other barriers to PrEP initiation and adherence.

scholarly journals A literature review of the impact of HIV and AIDS on the role of the elderly in the sub-Saharan African community

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eucebious Lekalakala- Mokgele
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Aids Pandemic ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

The status of older adults in Africa occupies a small but rapidly expanding share of the global literature on ageing. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic has generated a new focus on the changing role of the elderly in communities that have been affected. In sub-Saharan Africa, where millions are projected to be infected with HIV and about two million deaths are recorded annually amongst the traditionally productive adults, such loss of parents and breadwinners means children and the elderly have had to take up unusual responsibilities. A literature review on the elderly and HIV and AIDS provided the data analysed for this article. Access to databases was mainly via EBSCO (www.ebsco.co), which allowed searches in major databases and search engines useful in an academic setting for finding and accessing articles in health and health-related academic journals, repositories and archived reports. Results showed that the AIDS pandemic has direct and indirect effects which have manifested in a set of interrelated social, economic and psychological dimensions that could ultimately impact on the health and well-being of the elderly. It is concluded that more needs to be done to articulate the knowledge base of the impact of HIV and AIDS in order to inform social, economic and political policies for the purpose of alleviating the problems that the pandemic is wreaking on the elderly African population.OpsommingDie status van ouer volwassenes in Afrika beklee’n klein, maar vinnig groeiende deel van die globale verouderings literatuur. Die menslike immuniteitsgebreksvirus (MIV) en verworwe immuniteitsgebreksindroom (VIGS) pandemie het ‘n nuwe fokus op die veranderende rol van bejaardes in die gemeenskap wat deur VIGS beïnvloed word, gegenereer. In sub-Sahara Afrika waar na beraming miljoene geïnfekteer word met MIV, met sowat twee miljoen sterftes jaarliks gerekordeer onder die tradisoneel produktiewe volwassenes, word daar van die kinders en bejaardes verwag om ongewone verantwoordelikhede op hulle te neem as gevolg van die verlies aan ouers of broodwinners. ‘n Literatuuroorsig wat handel oor bejaardes en MIV en VIGS het die geanaliseerde data voorsien vir hierdie artikel. Toegang tot die databasis was meestal deur EBSCO (www.ebsco.co) wat soektog toegelaat het tot groot databasisse en soekenjins wat bruikbaar in die akademiese opset is en die vind van artikels aangaande gesondheid, gesondheidverwante akademiese joernale en argief verslae. Bevindings toon dat die VIGS pandemie direkte en indirekte effekte het. Hierdie effekte manifisteer in ‘n stel sosiaal verwante, ekonomiese en psigologiese dimensies wat ten einde ‘n impak op die gesondheid en welstand van bejaardes het. Daar is tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat meer gedoen moet word om die kennis basis van MIV en VIGS te artikuleer om die sosiale, ekonomiese en politiese beleid in kennis te stel, om sodoende die resulterende probleme van MIV en VIGS op die bejaarde Afrika populasie te verlig.

Constraints to using livestock to meet dietary needs in developing countries: role of vaccines.

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (058) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia L. Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Selective Breeding ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Animal Source Foods ◽  
Animal Source ◽  
Climate Stress ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Animal agriculture and animal-source foods (ASF) play a critical role in food security, childhood nutrient sufficiency, and economic development in sub-Saharan Africa. Here, we consider constraints to production of ASF in Africa with a focus on infectious animal diseases and climate stress and their control, by vaccines and selective breeding, respectively. This is not a meta-analysis but rather is meant to act as an overview or primer for discussing the value of livestock in developing countries, constraints to this, possible solutions, and finally some roadblocks to accomplishing this. The material provided is based on our own knowledge gained through careers in this field as well as discussions with colleagues.

Dimensions of Governance and Child Health in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Subnational Analysis

Politeia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Heaton ◽  
Acheampong Yaw Amoateng
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Regional Governance ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Relationship

There is broad consensus in the literature on development that effective governance is one of the keys to development. It is against this background of the relationship between good governance and socioeconomic development that the African Union (AU), following its establishment in 2000, indicated good governance in its constitutive act as part of its policy framework for member states in line with the tenets of the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) and the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM). The present study examined the relationship between good governance and less child deprivation using pooled data from Afrobarometer surveys and Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in sub-Saharan countries since 2000. The study examined the relationship between such dimensions of governance as democracy, voting, effectiveness and transparency as measured by trust and corruption as well as measures of child outcomes such as availability of toilet facilities, vaccinations, nutrition and mortality. The study found that the relationship between regional governance and children’s well-being was weak and inconsistent. It indicated that although a deepening of democracy might lead to improvements in the long-term outcomes of nutrition and child survival, these improvements would be relatively small. Further, results suggested that, in terms of good governance, trust was not particularly helpful and that corruption was not as harmful as many would suggest.

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