Development of a GIS-based Expert System for on-site Storm-water Management

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Jin ◽  
F. Sieker ◽  
S. Bandermann ◽  
H. Sieker
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
The City

Urbanization is accelerating worldwide. One of the negative effects of urbanization is the overloading of the city sewer system. To solve this problem, on-site storm water infiltration proves very promising due to its near natural characteristics and multiple effects on the drainage of stormwater runoff in urban areas. However, the judgment of whether a local area is appropriate to be drained in this way and which infiltration measures are optimal is rather complex and involves analysing a set of influential factors. This judgment depends on not only relevant theoretical considerations, but also a large amount of practical experience and the availability of relevant data, as well. Such a judgment is an unstructured problem and relates to changeable knowledge. To fulfill this task, the so-called expert system, or knowledge-based system, is introduced. One of the advantages of an expert system is that it provides automation of expert-level judgment. This is extremely helpful when an expert-level judgment is needed repeatedly for a large amount of cases, like in the planning of on-site stormwater infiltration systems for an entire city catchment. This paper describes a self-developed expert system tool for developing rule-based expert systems, as well as a case study: using an expert system for the selection of on-site storm water infiltration measures for the city of Chemnitz, Germany.

Knowledge Acquisition, Verification, and Validation in an Expert System for Improved Traffic Safety

2000 ◽  
Vol 1739 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Herland ◽  
Björn Möller ◽  
Rein Schandersson
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Verification And Validation ◽  
End User ◽  
Interview Technique ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Single Solution ◽  
Constructing Knowledge

KLOTS (knowledge-based local traffic safety support) is a Swedish expert system that provides advice on traffic safety problems and countermeasures in urban areas. The system is briefly described and the processes of knowledge collection, verification, and validation used in its development are explained. The user defines a safety problem with input forms. The result from the system is an analysis and a list of countermeasures, each with specific comments that reflect the problem. The principle of presenting a list instead of a single solution is intended to make the user more active in the process of finding an appropriate countermeasure. In practice, KLOTS may be used for providing advice, testing solutions, and making checks. It also may be used for educational purposes. The knowledge in KLOTS was obtained from experts during interviews and is structured in the form of rules for evaluating each problem specified. Development of the system has indicated that the experts must have recent practical experience of traffic safety problems. Presenting real-world cases to the experts and asking them to explain how they would solve them has proved to be the most successful interview technique. It has been possible to achieve a consensus among experts. Extensive testing, verification, and validation are carried out before new versions of KLOTS are released. Both end user validation and knowledge verification are described. Development and widespread use of the system show both the feasibility of constructing knowledge-based systems for traffic safety and a demand for such systems.

Public-sector Intervention in Embodying the New Economy in Inner Urban Areas: The Barcelona Experience

Urban Studies ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1137-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antònia Casellas ◽  
Montserrat Pallares-Barbera
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
City Council ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Growth Strategy ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Public Agency ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
The City ◽  
Radical Transformation

This article investigates the urban and economic revitalisation of a traditional industrial working-class neighbourhood into a knowledge-based economic district. It explores why and how this new district is the result of an assertive public policy led by Barcelona's city council and implemented by a quasi-public agency. The project represents the most important urban-growth strategy in the city at the turn of the century and also exemplifies the advantages and shortcomings of many of the policy elements that have contributed to the radical transformation of Barcelona in recent decades. The article further highlights methodological challenges regarding the conceptualisation and operationalisation of new economic activities and it discusses the spatial and uncertain economic consequences of this ambitious approach by the local government.

Knowledge-based advisory system for flexible pavement routine maintenance

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulette B. Hanna ◽  
Awad S. Hanna ◽  
Thomas A. Papagiannakis
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Expert Systems ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Pavement Maintenance ◽  
Advisory System ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Maintenance Decisions ◽  
Asphalt Concrete Pavement

One of the most pressing problems facing Canada is the condition of roadway infrastructure. Making good maintenance decisions requires years of practical experience and judgement. Expert systems have great potential for solving pavement maintenance problems that usually require significant human expertise for solution. Expert systems, also known as knowledge-based systems, have been used as a means for conveying pavement maintenance knowledge gained through research and field experience to individuals responsible for maintaining asphalt pavements. An expert system is defined as an interactive computer program which documents judgement, experience, intuition, and other information in order to provide knowledgeable advice.This paper describes the development of PMAS, a pavement maintenance advisory system, which can assist highway engineers in planning effective flexible or asphalt concrete pavement maintenance strategies. The system uses two alternative commercial expert system shells. The system questions the user in a multiple-choice format in everyday English and (or) by using pictures. The user responds by selecting one or more of the choices provided by the system. At the end of the consultation session, the system displays the most appropriate maintenance strategy along with its life expectancy. PMAS facilitates the decision-making process and could serve as a consultant for field engineers. Key words: expert system, knowledge-based system, pavement maintenance.

scholarly journals Urban form and vacant shops: can one explain the other? – a case study in Portugal

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Saraiva ◽  
Teresa Sá Marques ◽  
Paulo Pinho
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Economic Market ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Morphological Variables ◽  
The City

Shopping is much more than a wealth-generator in post-modern societies; it is intrinsically linked with the way people experience the city and an indivisible part of their day-to-day social experiences. Consequently, the literature has gradually recognized that commercial geographies are not just a consequence of economic market logics. It has been proven that there is a relationship between store-types and urban morphology, and that commerce is an important catalyst for urban regeneration and revitalization. Thus, the urban form can also be a cause for the lack of success of a shop. The amount of vacant shops has been signaled as an important problem in urban areas, affecting the structure and the identity of neighborhoods, and reflects the negative effects of the economic-crisis. Strategies to overcome this problem are usually economically-oriented and fail to capitalize on the new-found relationships between store-success and urban morphology. Thus this research wishes to test whether there are indeed correlations between specific morphological features and the existence of vacant shops, and consequently to propose how changes in the urban environment can contribute to overcome, and even prevent, such cases. The geographical distribution of vacant shops in a sample of Portuguese cities was set against morphological variables such as building age or centrality in the network (Space Syntax). Positive association was found, for example, between new developments and vacant shops, questioning the need for more store space in certain areas; and, particularly outside central neighborhoods, between open shops and high ‘choice’ (rather than high ‘integration’) axes.

scholarly journals Reducing Stormwater Runoff from Parking Lot with Permeable Pavement

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 05016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suripin Suripin ◽  
Sachro Sri Sangkawati ◽  
Samto Atmojo Pranoto ◽  
Edhisono Sutarto ◽  
Budieny Hary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Peak Discharge ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Permeable Pavement ◽  
Storm Water Runoff ◽  
Parking Lot

Increased urbanization has an impact on increased impervious surface, consequently the urban drainage system becomes gradually overloaded, with frequent spills and inundate urban areas. Upgrade or re-design the existing drainage system is not an effective solution because it does not address the source of the problem. It is necessary strategies for urbanization reduction of storm-water runoff. These strategies are aimed to reduce storm-water runoff mainly through water infiltration. One of the strategies is to develop permeable pavement. This study is aimed to test the capacity of permeable pavement through the development of full scale physical models in the parking lot. The results show that proposed permeable pavement are able to significantly reduce volume and peak discharge of storm-water runoff, delay the start of runoff and slow the peak discharge. The application of this proposed permeable pavement in the urban area is strongly recommended to reduce drainage load as well as to increase groundwater recharge.

scholarly journals Arahan Penataan Lingkungan Pemukiman Kumuh Kelurahan Seberang Palinggam Kecamatan Padang Selatan Kota Padang

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Elviyanti Elviyanti ◽  
Desy Aryanti ◽  
Sri Andika
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Strategic Location ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

Community settlements in a city have a very important role in providing services in the field of life. Increasing the population in a strategic land in urban areas will cause urban problems, especially population density, building irregularities and slums. This increase in population is due to economic, legal, social and cultural aspects, all centered in the city so that many rural communities flock to the city to improve their economy. Seberang Palinggam Sub-District, South Padang District, Padang City is one of a strategic location because it is close to the port, trade and service area. This strategic location caused many people who settled there. As a result, Seberang Palinggam Village is included in 23 slum areas in Padang City, based on Padang Mayor Decree No. 163 of 2014. This study aims to determine the right direction in the structuring of the slum environment with the Eco-Settlement approach that develops from the concept of sustainable development. The target being developed is to identify the characteristics of slums in villages across Palinggam using the Qualitative Descriptive Method, Analysis of the factors that led to the development of slums using Delphi. From this analysis, it is obtained an outline based on influential factors in the form of adding and improving the quality of sanitation infrastructure, clean water, drainage and healthy houses, increasing the carrying capacity of the environment and community resources, empowering the community's economy, and improving the quality of institutions and awareness of existing policies related to slum environment management.

HYDROGEOLOGICAL JUSTIFICATION OF UTILIZATION OF DRAINAGE, STORM WATER, DOMESTIC AND INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS OF URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (81) ◽  
pp. 66-67
Author(s):  
SEREBRYAKOV ANDREY O. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Salt Corrosion ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Preparation Design

The paper highlights the problems associated with the processes of flooding of urban areas due to the insufficient functioning of drainage and storm water systems. The conclusion about the impracticability of the arrangement of drainage and storm water systems due to their material and financial capacity is justified, since such systems create environmental problems. For the disposal of ground, storm, and domestic and industrial wastewater, a comprehensive system of injection, beam, and fan facilities is recommended. The stages of preparation, design and implementation of such systems are proposed. Flooding of the city of Astrakhan leads to the rise of groundwater to the surface of the urban area, salinization of soils and the expansion of salt marshes, the death of green spaces, flooding of basements and houses in low-lying areas. Inevitably, the development of salt corrosion of foundations and walls, followed by the destruction of buildings. In these processes of "unity and struggle of opposites "(the relationship "man-water"), a person loses in his struggle for progress and comfort with insufficient (or inept) interaction with the environment (including natural underground and surface waters). The existing drainage system of the city is practically not functioning. The actual absence of a drainage system is practically confirmed by the next rains.

scholarly journals Planning the City Logistics Terminal Location by Applying the Greenp-Median Model and Type-2 Neurofuzzy Network

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Pamučar ◽  
Ljubislav Vasin ◽  
Predrag Atanasković ◽  
Milica Miličić
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
City Logistics ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Median Problem ◽  
Environment And Health ◽  
Delivery Vehicles ◽  
The City

The paper herein presents greenp-median problem (GMP) which uses the adaptive type-2 neural network for the processing of environmental and sociological parameters including costs of logistics operators and demonstrates the influence of these parameters on planning the location for the city logistics terminal (CLT) within the discrete network. CLT shows direct effects on increment of traffic volume especially in urban areas, which further results in negative environmental effects such as air pollution and noise as well as increased number of urban populations suffering from bronchitis, asthma, and similar respiratory infections. By applying the greenp-median model (GMM), negative effects on environment and health in urban areas caused by delivery vehicles may be reduced to minimum. This model creates real possibilities for making the proper investment decisions so as profitable investments may be realized in the field of transport infrastructure. The paper herein also includes testing of GMM in real conditions on four CLT locations in Belgrade City zone.

scholarly journals Wind and the city: An evaluation of San Francisco’s planning approach since 1985

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyungkyoo Kim ◽  
Elizabeth Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
High Density ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Westerly Winds ◽  
Wind Currents ◽  
The City

In 1985, San Francisco adopted a downtown plan on ground-level wind currents intended to mitigate the negative effects of wind on pedestrians’ perceived comfort in public open spaces. The plan mandates that new buildings in designated parts of the city associated with high density or development potential be designed or adopt measures to not cause wind in excess of accepted comfort levels. This study examines whether and to what degree the plan has successfully shaped an urban form that mitigates wind by comparing the ground-level wind environment in 1985 and 2013. A series of wind tunnel tests found that during San Francisco’s windiest season when the westerly winds are prevalent, the overall mean wind speed ratio measured at 318 locations in four areas of the city dropped by 22%. However, there still exist many excessively windy places that are associated with specific urban form conditions, including streets oriented to have direct exposure to westerly winds, flat façades on high-rise buildings, and horizontal street walls where building façades align. Recommendations based on the findings include incorporating more tangible guidance on the built form conditions, expanding the plan’s reach to cover more parts of the city, and learning from strategies used elsewhere. By evaluating the urban form impacts of a wind mitigation policy that has been in place for 30 years, the research offers insights for other cities that have implemented or plan to adopt similar approach and sheds light on issues related to wind comfort in high-density urban areas.

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