Combined partial nitritation and Anammox biofilm system as a sustainable solution for supernatant treatment

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Szatkowska ◽  
E. Plaza ◽  
J. Trela ◽  
B. Hultman ◽  
J. Bosander
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Bulk Liquid ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Total Load ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Partial Nitritation ◽  
Anammox Process

Nowadays, as the effluent water regulations become more stringent, there is a need to treat wastewater in the most efficient manner and according to sustainability principles. One of the possibilities to meet this challenge is treatment of side streams, which are usually returned to the main influent of Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP) increasing the total load. Following processes occurring in natural ecosystems a new biological technology - combination of partial nitritation and Anammox processes - for treatment of nitrogen-rich supernatant coming from digested sludge dewatering has been developed. The first stage of the process is an oxidation of half of the ammonium to nitrite (partial nitritation process). The following stage - Anammox process - is an anaerobic oxidation of ammonium and nitrite nitrogen to dinitrogen gas. The process has been successfully tested in a technical-scale pilot plant with a continuous supply of supernatant at Himmerfjärden WWTP. Kaldnes rings were provided for biofilm growth. Almost two-year experiences in operation of the two-stage process have been presented in this paper. The results showed that a proper adjustment of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in the bulk liquid and a pH value drop in the partial nitritation reactor is essential to obtain the ammonium-to-nitrite ratio (NAR) in the effluent close to 1.3 as required for the Anammox process. It took four months to recover the Anammox bacteria activity after NO2-N inhibition.

scholarly journals The influence of antibiotics on the anammox process — a review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Gamoń ◽  
Grzegorz Cema ◽  
Aleksandra Ziembińska-Buczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Anammox Process

AbstractAnaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is one of the most promising processes for the treatment of ammonium-rich wastewater. It is more effective, cheaper, and more environmentally friendly than the conventional process currently in use for nitrogen removal. Unfortunately, anammox bacteria are sensitive to various substances, including heavy metals and organic matter commonly found in the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Of these deleterious substances, antibiotics are recognized to be important. For decades, the increasing consumption of antibiotics has led to the increased occurrence of antibiotics in the aquatic environment, including wastewater. One of the most important issues related to antibiotic pollution is the generation and transfer of antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Here, we will discuss the effect of short- and long-term exposure of the anammox process to antibiotic pollutants; with a special focus on the activity of the anammox bacteria, biomass properties, community structures, the presence of antibiotic resistance genes and combined effect of antibiotics with other substances commonly found in wastewater. Further, the defense mechanisms according to which bacteria adapt against antibiotic stress are speculated upon. This review aims to facilitate a better understanding of the influence of antibiotics and other co-pollutants on the anammox process and to highlight future avenues of research to target gaps in the knowledge.

scholarly journals Short- and long-term orange dye effects on ammonium oxidizing and anammox bacteria activities

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Val del Río ◽  
A. Stachurski ◽  
R. Méndez ◽  
J. L. Campos ◽  
J. Surmacz-Górska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azo Dye ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor ◽  
Partial Nitritation ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Anammox Process

The effects of orange azo dye over ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and anammox bacteria activities were tested. Performed batch tests indicated that concentrations lower than 650 mgorange/L stimulated AOB activity, while anammox bacteria activity was inhibited at concentrations higher than 25 mgorange/L. Long-term performance of a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) for the partial nitritation and a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for the anammox process was tested in the presence of 50 mgorange/L. In the case of the partial nitritation process, both the biomass concentration and the specific AOB activity increased after 50 days of orange azo dye addition. Regarding the anammox process, specific activity decreased down to 58% after 12 days of operation with continuous feeding of 50 mgorange/L. However, the anammox activity was completely recovered only 54 days after stopping the dye addition in the feeding. Once the biomass was saturated the azo dye adsorption onto the biomass was insignificant in the CSTR for the partial nitritation process fed with 50 mgorange/L. However, in the SBR the absorption was determined as 6.4 mgorange/g volatile suspended solids. No biological decolorization was observed in both processes.

Pilot scale studies on nitritation-anammox process for mainstream wastewater at low temperature

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 761-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Trojanowicz ◽  
Elzbieta Plaza ◽  
Jozef Trela
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Partial Nitritation ◽  
Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Anammox Process

Process of partial nitritation-anammox for mainstream wastewater at low temperature was run in a pilot scale moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) system for about 300 days. The biofilm history in the reactor was about 3 years of growth at low temperature (down to 10 °C). The goal of the studies presented in this paper was to achieve effective partial nitritation-anammox process. Influence of nitrogen loading rate, hydraulic retention time, aeration strategy (continuous versus intermittent) and sludge recirculation (integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) mode) on deammonification process' efficiency and microbial activity in the examined system was tested. It was found that the sole intermittent aeration strategy is not a sufficient method for successful suppression of nitrite oxidizing bacteria in MBBR. The best performance of the process was achieved in IFAS mode. The highest recorded capacity of ammonia oxidizing bacteria and anammox bacteria in biofilm was 1.4 gN/m2d and 0.5 gN/m2d, respectively, reaching 51% in nitrogen removal efficiency.

Heterotrophic denitrification on granular anammox SBR treating urban landfill leachate

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1749-1755 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ruscalleda ◽  
H. López ◽  
R. Ganigué ◽  
S. Puig ◽  
M. D. Balaguer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Partial Nitritation ◽  
Nitrogen Consumption ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Anammox Process ◽  
Heterotrophic Denitrification ◽  
Biodegradable Organic Matter

The anammox process was applied to treat urban landfill leachate coming from a previous partial nitritation process. In presence of organic matter, the anammox process could coexist with heterotrophic denitrification. The goal of this study was to asses the stability of the anammox process with simultaneous heterotrophic denitrification treating urban landfill leachate. The results achieved demonstrated that the anammox process was not inactivated by heterotrophic denitrification. Moreover, part of the nitrate produced by anammox bacteria and part of the influent nitrite were removed by heterotrophic denitrifiers with associated biodegradable organic matter consumption. In this sense, the contribution on nitrogen removal of each process was calculated using a nitrogen mass balance methodology. An 85.1±5.6% of the nitrogen consumption was achieved via anammox process while the average heterotrophic denitrifiers contribution was 14.9±5.6%. Heterotrophic denitrification was limited by the available easily biodegradable organic matter.

Anammox Process

2017 ◽  
pp. 264-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángeles Val del Río ◽  
Alba Pedrouso Fuentes ◽  
Elisa Amanda Giustinianovich ◽  
José Luis Campos Gomez ◽  
Anuska Mosquera-Corral
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Partial Nitritation ◽  
Struvite Precipitation ◽  
Anammox Process ◽  
Denitrification Process

Application of anammox based processes is nowadays an efficient way to remove nitrogen from wastewaters, being good alternative to the conventional nitrification-denitrification process. This chapter reviews the possible configurations to apply the anammox process, being special attention to the previous partial nitritation, necessary to obtain the adequate substrates for anammox bacteria. Furthermore a description of the main technologies developed and patented by different companies was performed, with focus on the advantages and bottlenecks of them. These technologies are classified in the chapter based on the type of biomass: suspended, granular and biofilm. Also a review is presented for the industrial applications (food industry, agricultural wastes, landfill leachates, electronic industry, etc.), taking into account full scale experiences and laboratory results, as well as microbiology aspects respect to the anammox bacteria genera involved. Finally the possibility to couple nitrogen removal, by anammox, with phosphorus recovery, by struvite precipitation, is also evaluated.

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) in different natural ecosystems

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1811-1816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao-lan Hu ◽  
Li-dong Shen ◽  
Xiang-yang Xu ◽  
Ping Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Water Columns ◽  
Anammox Process

Anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation), which is a reaction that oxidizes ammonium to dinitrogen gas using nitrite as the electron acceptor under anoxic conditions, was an important discovery in the nitrogen cycle. The reaction is mediated by a specialized group of planctomycete-like bacteria that were first discovered in man-made ecosystems. Subsequently, many studies have reported on the ubiquitous distribution of anammox bacteria in various natural habitats, including anoxic marine sediments and water columns, freshwater sediments and water columns, terrestrial ecosystems and some special ecosystems, such as petroleum reservoirs. Previous studies have estimated that the anammox process is responsible for 50% of the marine nitrogen loss. Recently, the anammox process was reported to account for 9–40% and 4–37% of the nitrogen loss in inland lakes and agricultural soils respectively. These findings indicate the great potential for the anammox process to occur in freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. The distribution of different anammox bacteria and their contribution to nitrogen loss have been described in different natural habitats, demonstrating that the anammox process is strongly influenced by the local environmental conditions. The present mini-review summarizes the current knowledge of the ecological distribution of anammox bacteria, their contribution to nitrogen loss in various natural ecosystems and the effects of major influential factors on the anammox process.

scholarly journals Oxidation of Citalopram with Sodium Hypochlorite and Chlorine Dioxide: Influencing Factors and NDMA Formation Kinetics

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (17) ◽  
pp. 3065
Author(s):  
Juan Lv ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Na Li
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Water Matrix ◽  
Formation Kinetics ◽  
Operational Variables ◽  
Two Stages

The highly prescribed antidepressant, citalopram, as one of newly emerging pollutants, has been frequently detected in the aquatic environment. Citalopram oxidation was examined during sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorine dioxide (ClO2) chlorination processes since conventional wastewater treatment plants cannot remove citalopram effectively. Citalopram has been demonstrated to form N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) during chlorination in our previous study. Further investigation on NDMA formation kinetics was conducted in the present study. Influences of operational variables (disinfectant dose, pH value) and water matrix on citalopram degradation, as well as NDMA generation, were evaluated. The results indicated high reactivity of citalopram with NaOCl and ClO2. NDMA formation included two stages during CIT oxidation, which were linear related with reaction time. NaOCl was more beneficial to remove CIT, but it caused more NDMA formation. Increasing disinfectant dosage promoted citalopram removal and NDMA formation. However, no consistent correlation was found between citalopram removal and pH. Contrary to the situation of citalopram removal, NDMA generation was enhanced when citalopram was present in actual water matrices, especially in secondary effluent. DMA, as an intermediate of citalopram chlorination, contributed to NDMA formation, but not the only way.

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