Technical research on controlling major karst water hazards in China coalmines

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 661-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herong Gui ◽  
Manli Lin ◽  
Xiaomei Song
Keyword(s):  
Karst Aquifer ◽  
Spatial Relation ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Karst Water ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Mining Conditions ◽  
Primary Water ◽  
Mine Flooding ◽  
Hydrogeological Properties ◽  
Water Hazards

Karst water is one of the major water hazards in China coalmines, causing frequent mine flooding and sever human casualties. This article, starting out on the spatial relation between mining facility and karst aquifer, extensively illustrates the techniques to identify water burst risks in karst aquifer and field testing methods of key parameters; primary water hazards control techniques for specific mining conditions and hydrogeological properties, such as retaining water-resistant safety rock pillar, water draining and depressurizing, bottom aquifuge consolidation grouting and revamp. All achievements can be of reference to other coal-producing countries confronted with karst water hazards.

scholarly journals Overview of surface water hazards in China coalmines

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 851-862
Author(s):  
Herong Gui ◽  
Rongjie Hu ◽  
Honghai Zhao ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Xiaomei Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Inrush ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Climatic Impact ◽  
Mining Conditions ◽  
Water Hazard ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Water Hazards ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Terrain Features

Abstract Among all recorded water disasters in China coalmines, 10% can be attributed to surface water, making it one of the top water hazards. Based on the analysis of cases of surface water hazards in China coalmines, this article determined surface water sources and inrush conduits as the major factors that have caused water inrush disasters in mines, and classified surface water hazards in China coalmines into 15 types according to those major factors and gave definitions of each type of surface water hazard. Then, it is proposed that there are different types of surface water hazards in different coal-bearing regions by analyzing the relationship to terrain features, climatic impact and mining conditions. Finally, we discuss how typical water sources and inrush conduits work together in hazard formation, in addition to the characteristics and corresponding preventative technologies. The propositions can be of reference for exchanges with other mining countries and regions on surface water hazard treatment.

scholarly journals Infiltration processes in karst aquifers affected by large-scale forest disturbances

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urša Vilhar ◽  
Mitja Ferlan ◽  
Janez Kermavnar ◽  
Erika Kozamernik ◽  
Aleksander Marinšek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Karst Aquifer ◽  
Karst Water ◽  
Forest Disturbances ◽  
Forest Development ◽  
Development Phases ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Infiltration Processes

<p>Karst systems represent 10–15% of land surface in the world and supply around 25% of the global demand for drinking water. In Slovenia karst areas are merely covered by forest and important for their rich and unique ecosystems. However, prevailing beech and mixed fir-beech forests in the region have been exposed to severe large-scale disturbances in the past few years, e.g., ice storms and heavy snow, windthrow, severe and prolonged periods of droughts and secondary insect damage, which have caused episodes of forest decline. Modification of the vegetation cover indirectly impacts the water balance. Despite the important role of karst water resources for supplying the population with drinking water, few studies exist that adequately evaluate the impact of predicted global changes on their quantity and quality. The effects of large-scale forest disturbances have been only marginally addressed, despite evaporation of water from the soil and epikarst being recognized as a significant process affecting hydrological cycle in karst regions. In many hydrological studies, the role and importance of vegetation in infiltration mechanisms, in particular the effect of trees and their root networks, has been widely neglected. In this study we present a holistic approach to infiltration processes research. An in-situ environmental monitoring network of the atmosphere-vegetation-soil-unsaturated zone of the aquifer has been designed to better understand infiltration in different compartments of the karst aquifer. Special focus is given to different forest development phases after large-scale disturbances and karst terrain morphology. The amount of precipitation in the open, canopy interception in mature forest and in canopy gaps with varying forest development phases, soil moisture and soil temperature are measured on the surface and subsurface. These measurements are performed in the area of an eLTER site Postojna-Planina cave system, i.e., on the top and bottom of karst depressions, while in the underground water discharge and electrical conductivity are measured in cave drips. By observing the time lag of the measured parameters to the recharge events, the effective infiltration of precipitation into the aquifer is evaluated and quantified. The results enabled to distinguish the recharge conditions under different forest development phases after large-scale disturbances and under different geomorphological conditions. The findings will in the later stage of the research serve as an input information for coupled vegetation-hydrological modelling of recharge conditions. Upscaling the modelling results from local to entire catchment scale would be useful for the evaluation of impacts of large-scale forest disturbance on the water balance of the entire karst aquifer system.</p>

scholarly journals Sinkhole Flooding and Aquifer Recharge in Arid to Dry Sub-Humid Regions: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Delle Rose
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Karst Aquifer ◽  
Karst Water ◽  
Hydrological Process ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Runoff Regulation ◽  
Wastewater Recycling ◽  
Recycling Policy

Sinkhole flooding is an essential hydrological process to recharge karst aquifer in arid to dry sub-humid regions. On the other hand, the increase of rain extremes is one of the major consequences of the global warming, together with the expansion of drylands. Thus, appropriate runoff regulation in endorheic karst basins in order to reduce the risk of flooding and improve the quantity and quality of the water drained by sinkholes will be more and more crucial. With these premises, a systematic review was performed by using WoS engine to infer the best practices for the karst water management in regions actually or potentially affected by water scarcity. Hydrological models are essential to manage the consequences of climate change on karst water resource, however the review shows that providing the tools necessary for reliable modeling is still challenging. Finally, due to the intrinsic vulnerability of the karst aquifers, pollution reduction and wastewater recycling policy will play key role in the next decades.

scholarly journals Application of Hydrochemical and Isotopic Data to Determine The Origin and Circulation Conditions of Karst Groundwater in An Alpine and Gorge Region in The Qinghai–Xizang Plateau: A Case Study Of Genie Mountain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianfei Ma ◽  
Xiangquan Li ◽  
Feng Liu ◽  
Changchang Fu ◽  
Chunchao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Cycle ◽  
Karst Aquifer ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Water Circulation ◽  
Karst Water ◽  
Karst Groundwater ◽  
Isotopic Data ◽  
Karst Springs ◽  
Recharge Sources ◽  
Xizang Plateau

Abstract Understanding of the recharge origin, runoff channels, and discharge characteristics of karst groundwater is very important for construction of underground projects and identification of water supply targets. Complex structural systems, lithological differences, and extreme heterogeneity of aquifers combine to create a complex karst aquifer structure in alpine and gorge areas; however, because of the topography, direct investigation of aquifer structure is difficult. In this study, field survey, hydrochemical, and isotopic data are analyzed to reveal the development of karst groundwater and to describe the karst water cycle in Genie Mountain, Qinghai–Xizang Plateau. The results show that atmospheric precipitation and melting ice and snow are the groundwater recharge sources, and groundwater circulation is shallow, with groundwater ages generally no more than 60 yr. The groundwater cycle can be divided into three levels: epikarst water circulation; mid to deep karst water circulation; and deep geothermal water circulation. The karst springs located in the outlet of the Huolong gully contain markedly higher levels of Na + and SO 4 2 − than other karst springs because of the leaching effect of groundwater on mirabilite. The presence of evaporites also indicates that the groundwater of Huolong gully is influenced by evaporation. The runoff of thermal springs undergoes deep circulation and is controlled by faults. This water mainly dissolves carbonate rock, with little influence of evaporation. This study shows that hydrochemical and isotopic methods can be used to discriminate different water types, and can be applied to study the characteristics of complex groundwater runoff in alpine and gorge areas.

Characterization of the water flow regime in the upper vadose zone, Furtowischacht (Hochschwab, Austria)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva-Florina Kaminsky ◽  
Lukas Plan ◽  
Thomas Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Vadose Zone ◽  
Karst Aquifer ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Precipitation Event ◽  
Karst Water ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
The North ◽  
Drying Up

<p>The Kläfferquellen as the largest springs in the north of the Hochschwab karst massif are an important source of drinking water for the city of Vienna. Due to the vulnerability of karst waters, parts of the Hochschwab Massive (80 km southwest of Vienna) are a spring water protection zone. A better understanding of the karst aquifer recharge is important for the karst water protection management. The upper zone of a karst aquifer, the epikarst plays an important role for the recharge and the regulation of water flow to the vadose zone below.</p><p>Hydrological monitoring in an Alpine vadose shaft (Furtowischacht) is the basis of these analyses. In order to quantify the water storage and flow in the upper vadose zone, a Thomson-weir was installed in a small canyon at 100 m below the entrance. Since 2016, electrical conductivity (EC), temperature (T) and water level have been measured at the weir at least every 10 minutes. The discharge shows extreme fluctuations between 0.003 to 19 l/s. Salt tracer experiments indicate tracer travel times between 10 min and 3 hours. The discharge behaviour after a precipitation event can be classified with hydrograph recession analysis in quick, intermediate and slow flow.  Snow melting events show intermediate and slow responses. The water storage within the epikarst can be inferred from the following observations: (1) Reactions of T and EC after the increase of discharge vary between 10 min and 5 h. (2) During summer rain events, EC increases (after a short decrease) and remains at an elevated level for longer period of time. (3) No drying up of the cave brook after long periods of no recharge, where baseflow shows a storage capacity. Single discharge events were successfully modelled with a bucket-type rainfall-runoff model thereby describing the water flow and storage in the upper vadose zone, respectively.</p>

scholarly journals Comparison of Uranium Isotopes and Classical Geochemical Tracers in Karst Aquifer of Ljubljanica River catchment (Slovenia)

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leja Rovan ◽  
Sonja Lojen ◽  
Tea Zuliani ◽  
Tjaša Kanduč ◽  
Metka Petrič ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Karst Aquifer ◽  
Inductively Couple Plasma ◽  
Uranium Isotopes ◽  
Karst Water ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Geochemical Tracers ◽  
River Catchment ◽  
Hydrological Conditions ◽  
Activity Ratios ◽  
238U Activity

The karst aquifer of the Ljubljanica River catchment, which has numerous springs and sinks, presents an interesting environment for studying hydrogeological processes. This study aims to explore the behavior of U isotopes and to evaluate their use as tracers of hydrogeochemical processes as an alternative to classical geochemical tracers (i.e., physicochemical parameters, elemental ratios, and alkalinity) involved in water–rock interactions and water flow in this karst water system. Basic hydrochemical parameters, as well as the spatiotemporal variations of total U concentrations, 234U/238U activity ratios, and δ238U values, were monitored in water samples from springs and sinks under different hydrological conditions. The bedrock as the source of dissolved and detrital U was also analyzed. Multi-collector inductively couple plasma-mass spectrometry results reveal variations of the 234U/238U activity ratios, which are consistently negatively correlated with the discharge at most analyzed sites. Large 238U/235U isotope fractionation occurred during bedrock weathering, and the large variability of the measured δ238U values is seemingly unrelated to the lithological characteristics of the bedrock or discharge. Our results confirm that 234U/238U activity ratios in water can be used as a tracer for studying changes in groundwater flows and the mixing of waters of different origins under different hydrological conditions.

Relative Impermeability of the Ordovician Top and Risk Assessment of Water Inrush from Coal Floor in Baode Coalfield

2013 ◽  
Vol 671-674 ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
Wei Jie Zhang ◽  
Shu Cai Li ◽  
Jiu Chuan Wei ◽  
Qing Song Zhang ◽  
Ren Tai Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Water Inrush ◽  
Karst Aquifer ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
Water Quantity ◽  
Karst Water ◽  
Coal Seams ◽  
Filling Degree ◽  
Floor Water Inrush

In order to study the safety mining of the deep buried coal seams being threatened by high pressure karst water, relative impermeability of the Ordovician top is demonstrated through studying lithology，filling degree of the karst fissures as well as wash water quantity, in the Baode mine field. Furthermore, the main influencing factors on impermeability of coal seam floor are analyzed, and divisional risk assessment of floor water-inrush from the Ordovician karst aquifer is performed. Overall，by considering the relative impermeable strata in the Ordovician top, the accuracy of risk assessment on coal floor water-inrush can be improved.

scholarly journals Hydrogeological Characteristics of the Area of Intermittent Karst Lakes of Pivka

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Metka Petrič ◽  
Janja Kogovšek
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Flow Regime ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Karst Aquifer ◽  
Karst Water ◽  
Karst Springs ◽  
Water Flows ◽  
Karst Lakes ◽  
Hydrogeological Characteristics ◽  
Hydrological Feature

Poseben hidrološki pojav zahodnega dela kraškega masiva Javornikov so presihajoča Pivška jezera. Za celotno območje je značilna tesna povezava podzemnih in površinskih voda. V kraškem vodonosniku se vode pretakajo večinoma podzemno, ob močnejših in dolgotrajnejših padavinah pa se nivo podzemne vode dvigne in voda se na številnih mestih preliva na površje. Tako postanejo aktivni občasni kraški izviri ob reki Pivki, z vodo pa se napolnijo tudi kraške depresije in nastane večje število presihajočih kraških jezer. Nekatera se pojavljajo dokaj pogosto in imajo vodo tudi do pol leta, večinoma pa so bolj redka ali so zalita samo izjemoma v času močnejših poplav. V članku so predstavljene hidrogeološke značilnosti območja, ki se odražajo v režimu pretakanja kraške vode in načinih njenega pojavljanja na površju. A special hydrological feature of the western part of the Javorniki karst massif is the intermittent karst lakes of Pivka. For the whole area a close connection between underground and surface water is characteristic. In the karst aquifer water flows mostly underground, but after more intensive or long-lasting precipitation the water table rises and water emerges on the surface at different locations. Intermittent karst springs along the Pivka river are activated. Also karst depressions are filled with water and several intermittent karst lakes can be formed. Some of them appear very often and contain water for up to six months, but mostly they are very rare and filled up only exceptionally in the time of big floods. In the article the hydrogeological characteristics of the area are presented, which are reflected in the flow regime of karst water and in the forms of its appearance on the surface. 

Research on pore water and disaster prevention in China coalmines

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herong Gui ◽  
Manli Lin ◽  
Xiaomei Song
Keyword(s):  
Pore Water ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Mining Conditions ◽  
Coal Rock ◽  
Coal Pillars ◽  
Rock Pillars ◽  
Roof Strata ◽  
Underground Water Level

This article introduces the evaluation of mining conditions under pore aquifer and presents four control techniques on pore water, i.e. retaining safety coal (rock) pillars to resist water, sand, and collapse; draining bottom pore aquifer in Quaternary strata to lower underground water level; presplitting hard overlying rock by blasting to inhibit growths of water-conductive fissures; manually caving the roof strata over the steep sloping coal seam by extruding blast to prevent water-resistant coal pillars from caving. This article is to provide references for countries confronting similar problems and to facilitate international discussions on pore water control.

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