scholarly journals Sinkhole Flooding and Aquifer Recharge in Arid to Dry Sub-Humid Regions: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Delle Rose
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Karst Aquifer ◽  
Karst Water ◽  
Hydrological Process ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Runoff Regulation ◽  
Wastewater Recycling ◽  
Recycling Policy

Sinkhole flooding is an essential hydrological process to recharge karst aquifer in arid to dry sub-humid regions. On the other hand, the increase of rain extremes is one of the major consequences of the global warming, together with the expansion of drylands. Thus, appropriate runoff regulation in endorheic karst basins in order to reduce the risk of flooding and improve the quantity and quality of the water drained by sinkholes will be more and more crucial. With these premises, a systematic review was performed by using WoS engine to infer the best practices for the karst water management in regions actually or potentially affected by water scarcity. Hydrological models are essential to manage the consequences of climate change on karst water resource, however the review shows that providing the tools necessary for reliable modeling is still challenging. Finally, due to the intrinsic vulnerability of the karst aquifers, pollution reduction and wastewater recycling policy will play key role in the next decades.

Characterization of the water flow regime in the upper vadose zone, Furtowischacht (Hochschwab, Austria)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva-Florina Kaminsky ◽  
Lukas Plan ◽  
Thomas Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Vadose Zone ◽  
Karst Aquifer ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Precipitation Event ◽  
Karst Water ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
The North ◽  
Drying Up

<p>The Kläfferquellen as the largest springs in the north of the Hochschwab karst massif are an important source of drinking water for the city of Vienna. Due to the vulnerability of karst waters, parts of the Hochschwab Massive (80 km southwest of Vienna) are a spring water protection zone. A better understanding of the karst aquifer recharge is important for the karst water protection management. The upper zone of a karst aquifer, the epikarst plays an important role for the recharge and the regulation of water flow to the vadose zone below.</p><p>Hydrological monitoring in an Alpine vadose shaft (Furtowischacht) is the basis of these analyses. In order to quantify the water storage and flow in the upper vadose zone, a Thomson-weir was installed in a small canyon at 100 m below the entrance. Since 2016, electrical conductivity (EC), temperature (T) and water level have been measured at the weir at least every 10 minutes. The discharge shows extreme fluctuations between 0.003 to 19 l/s. Salt tracer experiments indicate tracer travel times between 10 min and 3 hours. The discharge behaviour after a precipitation event can be classified with hydrograph recession analysis in quick, intermediate and slow flow.  Snow melting events show intermediate and slow responses. The water storage within the epikarst can be inferred from the following observations: (1) Reactions of T and EC after the increase of discharge vary between 10 min and 5 h. (2) During summer rain events, EC increases (after a short decrease) and remains at an elevated level for longer period of time. (3) No drying up of the cave brook after long periods of no recharge, where baseflow shows a storage capacity. Single discharge events were successfully modelled with a bucket-type rainfall-runoff model thereby describing the water flow and storage in the upper vadose zone, respectively.</p>

Characteristics of the Frequency-Following Response to Speech in Neonates and Potential Applicability in Clinical Practice: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1618-1635
Author(s):  
Céline Richard ◽  
Mary Lauren Neel ◽  
Arnaud Jeanvoine ◽  
Sharon Mc Connell ◽  
Alison Gehred ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Frequency Following Response ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
Clinical Potential

Purpose We sought to critically analyze and evaluate published evidence regarding feasibility and clinical potential for predicting neurodevelopmental outcomes of the frequency-following responses (FFRs) to speech recordings in neonates (birth to 28 days). Method A systematic search of MeSH terms in the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied HealthLiterature, Embase, Google Scholar, Ovid Medline (R) and E-Pub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Daily, Web of Science, SCOPUS, COCHRANE Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov was performed. Manual review of all items identified in the search was performed by two independent reviewers. Articles were evaluated based on the level of methodological quality and evidence according to the RTI item bank. Results Seven articles met inclusion criteria. None of the included studies reported neurodevelopmental outcomes past 3 months of age. Quality of the evidence ranged from moderate to high. Protocol variations were frequent. Conclusions Based on this systematic review, the FFR to speech can capture both temporal and spectral acoustic features in neonates. It can accurately be recorded in a fast and easy manner at the infant's bedside. However, at this time, further studies are needed to identify and validate which FFR features could be incorporated as an addition to standard evaluation of infant sound processing evaluation in subcortico-cortical networks. This review identifies the need for further research focused on identifying specific features of the neonatal FFRs, those with predictive value for early childhood outcomes to help guide targeted early speech and hearing interventions.

Psychological and Cognitive Aspects of Borderline Intellectual Functioning

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bastianina Contena ◽  
Stefano Taddei
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Intellectual Functioning ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Borderline Intellectual Functioning ◽  
General Quality ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Over Time

Abstract. Borderline Intellectual Functioning (BIF) refers to a global IQ ranging from 71 to 84, and it represents a condition of clinical attention for its association with other disorders and its influence on the outcomes of treatments and, in general, quality of life and adaptation. Furthermore, its definition has changed over time causing a relevant clinical impact. For this reason, a systematic review of the literature on this topic can promote an understanding of what has been studied, and can differentiate what is currently attributable to BIF from that which cannot be associated with this kind of intellectual functioning. Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria, we have conducted a review of the literature about BIF. The results suggest that this condition is still associated with mental retardation, and only a few studies have focused specifically on this condition.

How Does Mindfulness Affect Cognition? A Reflection on Confounding Issues Surrounding Mindfulness-based Intervention Research Targeting Cognitive Outcomes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R Vago ◽  
Resh Gupta ◽  
Sara Lazar
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Existing Data

One potential pathway by which mindfulness-based meditation improves health outcomes is through changes in cognitive functioning. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) was conducted with a focus on assessing the state of the evidence for effects on cognitive processes and associated assays. Here, we comment on confounding issues surrounding the reporting of these and related findings, including 1) criteria that appropriately define an MBI; 2) limitations of assays used to measure cognition; and 3) methodological quality of MBI trials and reporting of findings. Because these issues contribute to potentially distorted interpretations of existing data, we offer constructive means for interpretation and recommendations for moving the field of mindfulness research forward regarding the effects on cognition.

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