scholarly journals A survey of attitudes and acceptance of wastewater reuse in Iran: Shiraz City as a case study

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali Baghapour ◽  
Mohammad Reza Shooshtarian ◽  
Babak Djahed
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Willingness To Use

People's attitudes are a key issue in the use of reclaimed wastewater. Unfortunately, there is not enough research on the use of reclaimed wastewater in developing countries such as Iran. The present study aimed to investigate public acceptance and citizens' attitudes toward reclaimed wastewater in Shiraz, Iran. A two-part questionnaire, designed to collect demographic data and information about people's willingness to reuse wastewater, was distributed among 562 citizens of Shiraz. The results showed that most respondents knew nothing about the chemical quality (67.4%) or microbiological quality (81.5%) of the wastewater treatment plant effluent. The maximum acceptance of treated wastewater use was related to public consumption (87%), car washing (85%) and flush tank (80%), respectively. The minimum acceptance was related to cooking and drinking (8%). Also, a significant correlation was observed between citizens' willingness to use reclaimed wastewater and variables such as level of education, gender, awareness of wastewater treatment process and awareness of quality of reclaimed wastewater. Shiraz citizens, like other people in the world, were less willing to use reclaimed wastewater for cooking, drinking, laundry and bathing, but their willingness was obviously greater in applications with less skin contact.

Possible impact of treated wastewater discharge on incidence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in river water

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Iwane ◽  
T. Urase ◽  
K. Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
River Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Wastewater Discharge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant

Escherichia coli and coliform group bacteria resistant to seven antibiotics were investigated in the Tama River, a typical urbanized river in Tokyo, Japan, and at a wastewater treatment plant located on the river. The percentages of antibiotic resistance in the wastewater effluent were, in most cases, higher than the percentages in the river water, which were observed increasing downstream. Since the possible increase in the percentages in the river was associated with treated wastewater discharges, it was concluded that the river, which is contaminated by treated wastewater with many kinds of pollutants, is also contaminated with antibiotic resistant coliform group bacteria and E.coli. The percentages of resistant bacteria in the wastewater treatment plant were mostly observed decreasing during the treatment process. It was also demonstrated that the percentages of resistance in raw sewage are significantly higher than those in the river water and that the wastewater treatment process investigated in this study works against most of resistant bacteria in sewage.

OPTIMAL UTILIZATION OF RECLAIMED WASTEWATER FOR IRRIGATION PURPOSES: CASE OF AS-SAMRA WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT

2005 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. 735-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
BASSAM MRAYYAN
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
User Demand ◽  
Negative Impacts

Due to the rapid population growth and industrial development in Jordan, the demand on water resources for different purposes, mainly agriculture has been elevated. The shortage of fresh water resources and the high demand make the reclaimed wastewater a key factor in the water budget. This paper examines both positive and negative impacts of wastewater reuse for agriculture. Currently, Jordan has more than 27 wastewater treatment plants all over the country; the largest is As-Samra treatment plant. The objective of this article is to set a framework for optimal utilization of the said reclaimed water taking into consideration the technical, financial, economical and social aspects at the end user demand centers and the new upgrading project at the study area, in addition to promoting the anticipated findings for other similar regional cases in terms of knowledge disseminations and setting a pilot cases for neighboring countries.

Research of Wastewater Tertiary Treatment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regimantas Dauknys ◽  
Aušra Mažeikienė
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Tertiary Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
Experimental Stand ◽  
Treatment Experiment ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Wastewater Tertiary Treatment

The tertiary wastewater treatment experiment was performed on the experimental stand which was installed in a wastewater treatment plant and which consisted of three filters of the diameter of 380 mm with a non-submerged media. Biologically treated wastewater was constantly supplied to these filters. Tertiary wastewater treatment process was aggravated due to low temperature of wastewater (6 °C) and high fluctuations of load according to individual pollutants – the difference between the minimum and maximum values ranged from 3 to 10 times. The productivity of removal of pollutants according to individual contamination rates reached 8 to 43%.

scholarly journals Treatment of Wastewater from New Copper Smelter RTB Bor

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Dragana Radovanović ◽  
Milisav Ranitović ◽  
Željko Kamberović ◽  
Marija Korać ◽  
Milorad Gavrilovski
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Copper Smelter ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
Co Precipitation

RTB Bor smelter and sulfuric acid plant modernization project includes reconstruction of an old wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The task for a team from the Innovation Center of TMF was technical-technological solution for the reconstruction of WWTP with a new wastewater treatment process. Wastewater from the primary copper smelter is very acidic, with a high content of dissolved heavy metals and arsenic. Treatment of wastewater includes the neutralization of the acid, precipitation of the heavy metals in the form of hydroxides by using hydrated lime, and the arsenic co-precipitation with iron(III) hydroxide. Material and energy balances of the process are determined by simulating the wastewater treatment in Superpro Designer software package with thermodynamic parameters defined in HSC Chemistry program. The simulation results were confirmed by experimental tests at the pilot plant level. The designed process is applied in WWTP exploitation within the new copper smelter RTB Bor. Treatment of 8,7 m2/h of wastewater generates 7,2 m2/h of treated wastewater and 10,3 t/h of wastewater treatment (WWT) sludge. The WWT sludge is characterized as hazardous waste requiring treatment prior to disposal. A proposed treatment for WWT sludge is solidification/stabilization (S/S) using a mixture of fly ash and hydrated lime. Results of laboratory scale tests, which included standard leaching tests EN 12457 and TCLP, as well as the compressive strength testing of obtained solidificates, shows that the S/S treatment leads to stabilization of more than 99% of the heavy metals and more than 90% of arsenic. The treated sludge has the characteristics of non-hazardous waste and is suitable for disposal.

scholarly journals Public Perceptions On Water Reuse Options: The Case Of Sulaibiya Wastewater Treatment Plant In Kuwait

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasem M. Alhumoud ◽  
David Madzikanda
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Reuse Options ◽  
Willingness To Use

The main sources of water in Kuwait are seawater desalination and groundwater. Reclaimed wastewater effluent could be an additional water source. Its use would reduce the volumes of recycled water being disposed of to the environment and it could reduce the demand for fresh water supplies. The results of a questionnaire survey of more than 1,500 random households residing in 64 districts in Metropolitan Kuwait are presented. The frequency distribution of the education level, knowledge of wastewater reuse, age, nationality and gender of the sample population are presented. In addition, we have presented the results of a survey of attitudes amongst residents of their willingness to use reclaimed water for a variety of purposes. The research analyzes the costs and benefits of using reclaimed water. The study concludes with useful recommendations for both the authorities and the citizens of Kuwait.

scholarly journals Hydrological and Environmental Impact of Wastewater Treatment and Reuse on Zarqa River Basin in Jordan

Environments ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Naser Almanaseer ◽  
Muna Hindiyeh ◽  
Raha Al-Assaf
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Jordan Valley ◽  
Treated Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Zarqa River ◽  
The Impact

Treated wastewater is an important component of the water resource in Jordan. As Samra wastewater treatment plant—the largest treatment plant in Jordan—discharges ~110 MCM per year of secondary treated municipal wastewater to Zarqa River, and eventually to Jordan Valley. This research aims at assessing the impact of treated wastewater reuse on the hydrology and environment in the most vulnerable areas within Amman-Zarqa Basin, specifically from As Samra treatment plant to Jerash Bridge. Historical data is collected, field survey is performed, and chemical and biological analyses are performed at eleven selected locations along the study area. Afterwards, all collected data is managed using suitable tools to address the impact. The findings of this research demonstrate high improvement in biological and microbial parameters along the flow path, yet the salinity is increased downstream. It is found that this increase is due to brackish water intrusion, apparently from sandstone aquifer. Analysis of BOD and COD carried out as part of this research showed effective system recovery with COD reduction from 130 mg/L at the effluent to less than 50 mg/l in the downstream. Moreover, microbial activities are reduced, mainly due to self-purification in the river.

Experimental procedures characterizing transformations of wastewater organic matter in the Emscher river, Germany

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 201-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Løkkegaard Bjerre ◽  
T. Hvitved-Jacobsen ◽  
B. Teichgräber ◽  
D. te Heesen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
River Rhine ◽  
Quality Changes ◽  
Ruhr District ◽  
Wastewater Quality

The Emscher river in the Ruhr district, Germany, is at present acting as a large wastewater collector receiving untreated and mechanically treated wastewater. Before the Emscher flows into the river Rhine, treatment takes place in a biological wastewater treatment plant. The transformations of the organic matter in the Emscher affect the river catchment, the subsequent treatment and the river quality. This paper focuses on evaluation of methods for quantification of the microbial transformations of wastewater in the Emscher with emphasis on characterization of wastewater quality changes in terms of biodegradability of organic matter and viable biomass. The characterization is based on methods taken from the activated sludge process in wastewater treatment. Methods were evaluated on the basis of laboratory investigations of water samples from the Emscher. Incubation in batch reactors under aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic conditions were made and a case study was performed. The methods described will be used in an intensive study of wastewater transformations in the Emscher river. This study will be a basis for future investigations of wastewater quality changes in the Emscher.

Textile Wastewater Reuse: Ozonation of Membrane Concentrated Secondary Effluent

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lopez ◽  
G. Ricco ◽  
R. Ciannarella ◽  
A. Rozzi ◽  
A. C. Di Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Complete Disappearance

Among the activities appointed by the EC research-project “Integrated water recycling and emission abatement in the textile industry” (Contract: ENV4-CT95-0064), the effectiveness of ozone for improving the biotreatability of recalcitrant effluents as well as for removing from them toxic and/or inhibitory pollutants has been evaluated at lab-scale. Real membrane concentrates (pH=7.9; TOC=190 ppm; CDO=595 ppm; BOD5=0 ppm; Conductivity=5,000 μS/cm; Microtox-EC20=34%) produced at Bulgarograsso (Italy) Wastewater Treatment Plant by nanofiltering biologically treated secondary textile effluents, have been treated with ozonated air (O3conc.=12 ppm) over 120 min. The results have indicated that during ozonation, BOD5 increases from 0 to 75 ppm, whereas COD and TOC both decrease by about 50% and 30 % respectively. As for potentially toxic and/or inhibitory pollutants such as dyes, nonionic surfactants and halogenated organics, all measured as sum parameters, removals higher than 90% were achieved as confirmed by the complete disappearance of acute toxicity in the treated streams. The only ozonation byproducts searched for and found were aldehydes whose total amount continuously increased in the first hour from 1.2 up to 11.8 ppm. Among them, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, glyoxal, propionaldehyde, and butyraldehyde were identified by HPLC.

Wastewater Reuse for River Recovery in Semi-Arid Israel

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Juanico ◽  
Eran Friedler
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Pollution Impacts ◽  
Semi Arid

Most of the water has been captured in the rivers of Israel and they have turned into dry river-beds which deliver only sporadic winter floods. In a semi-arid country where literally every drop of water is used, reclaimed wastewater is the most feasible water source for river recovery. Two topics are addressed in this paper: water quality management in rivers where most of the flowing water is treated wastewater, and the allocations of reclaimed wastewater required for the recovery of rivers and streams. Water quality management must consider that the main source of water to the river has a pollution loading which reduces its capability to absorb other pollution impacts. The allocation of treated wastewater for the revival of rivers may not affect negatively the water balance of the region; it may eventually improve it. An upstream bruto allocation of 122 MCM/year of wastewater for the recovery of 14 rivers in Israel may favor downstream reuse of this wastewater, resulting in a small neto allocation and in an increase of the water resources available to the country. The discharge of effluents upstream to revive the river followed by their re-capture downstream for irrigation, implies a further stage in the intensification of water reuse.

scholarly journals Optimal Implementation of Wastewater Reuse in Existing Sewerage Systems to Improve Resilience and Sustainability in Water Supply Systems

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2004
Author(s):  
Aakash Dev ◽  
Timo C. Dilly ◽  
Amin E. Bakhshipour ◽  
Ulrich Dittmer ◽  
S. Murty Bhallamudi
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Decentralized Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Graywater Reuse ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Supply Systems

A transition from conventional centralized to hybrid decentralized systems has been increasingly advised recently due to their capability to enhance the resilience and sustainability of urban water supply systems. Reusing treated wastewater for non-potable purposes is a promising opportunity toward the aforementioned resolutions. In this study, we present two optimization models for integrating reusing systems into existing sewerage systems to bridge the supply–demand gap in an existing water supply system. In Model-1, the supply–demand gap is bridged by introducing on-site graywater treatment and reuse, and in Model-2, the gap is bridged by decentralized wastewater treatment and reuse. The applicability of the proposed models is evaluated using two test cases: one a proof-of-concept hypothetical network and the other a near realistic network based on the sewerage network in Chennai, India. The results show that the proposed models outperform the existing approaches by achieving more than a 20% reduction in the cost of procuring water and more than a 36% reduction in the demand for freshwater through the implementation of local on-site graywater reuse for both test cases. These numbers are about 12% and 34% respectively for the implementation of decentralized wastewater treatment and reuse.

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