Using turbidity and particle counts to monitor Cryptosporidium removals by filters

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.M. Huck ◽  
B.M. Coffey ◽  
W.B. Anderson ◽  
M.B. Emelko ◽  
D.D. Maurizio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Optimal Operating ◽  
Filter Performance ◽  
Particle Counts ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Filter Cycle

Physicochemical removal of protozoan pathogens is receiving increased attention because of the difficulty of chemically inactivating these organisms, particularly Cryptosporidium parvum. Most studies that have examined the removal of these and other pathogens by filtration have been conducted under steady-state conditions with optimized pre-treatment. The research on which this paper is based evaluated the removal of Cryptosporidium and surrogates at various points in the filter cycle and under non-optimal conditions, at several pilot plants. The focus of this paper is on the relationship between removals of Cryptosporidium, and turbidity and particle counts. Under stable or optimal operating conditions all pilot plants produced similar low filter effluent turbidity and particle counts. Average Cryptosporidium removal varied among locations, however, by more than two log units. Cryptosporidium removal was impaired under all of the non-optimal conditions. Particle and turbidity performance was also worse, but the relationship of these parameters to Cryptosporidium removal varied. Particle counts show greater promise than turbidity as a tool to monitor filter performance in real time for possible deterioration in Cryptosporidium removal capability.

A pilot web former designed to study retention-formation relationships

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-194
Author(s):  
Anna Svedberg ◽  
Tom Lindström
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Montmorillonite Clay ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Good Reproducibility ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Retention Aids ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract A pilot-scale fourdrinier former has been developed for the purpose of investigating the relationship between retention and paper formation (features, retention aids, dosage points, etc.). The main objective of this publication was to present the R-F (Retention and formation)-machine and demonstrate some of its fields of applications. For a fine paper stock (90% hardwood and 10% softwood) with addition of 25% filler (based on total solids content), the relationship between retention and formation was investigated for a microparticulate retention aid (cationic polyacrylamide together with anionic montmorillonite clay). The retention-formation relationship of the retention aid system was investigated after choosing standardized machine operating conditions (e.g. the jet-to-wire speed ratio). As expected, the formation was impaired when the retention was increased. Since good reproducibility was attained, the R-F (Retention and formation)-machine was found to be a useful tool for studying the relationship between retention and paper formation.

scholarly journals Engine Malfunctioning Conditions Identification through Instantaneous Crankshaft Torque Measurement Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3522
Author(s):  
Konstantinos-Marios Tsitsilonis ◽  
Gerasimos Theotokatos
Keyword(s):  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Dynamics Model ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Measurement Analysis ◽  
Start Of Injection ◽  
Rate Of Heat Release ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Diagnostic Measurement ◽  
The Relationship

In this study a coupled thermodynamics and crankshaft dynamics model of a large two-stroke diesel engine was utilised, to map the relationship of the engine Instantaneous Crankshaft Torque (ICT) with the following frequently occurring malfunctioning conditions: (a) change in Start of Injection (SOI), (b) change in Rate of Heat Release (RHR), (c) change in scavenge air pressure, and (d) blowby. This was performed using frequency analysis on the engine ICT, which was obtained through a series of parametric runs of the coupled engine model, under the various malfunctioning and healthy operating conditions. This process demonstrated that engine ICT can be successfully utilised to identify the distinct effects of malfunctions (c) or (d), as they occur individually in any cylinder. Furthermore by using the same process, malfunctions (a) and (b) can be identified as they occur individually for any cylinder, however there is no distinct effect on the engine ICT among these malfunctions, since their effect on the in-cylinder pressure is similar. As a result, this study demonstrates the usefulness of the engine ICT as a non-intrusive diagnostic measurement, as well as the benefits of malfunctioning conditions mapping, which allows for quick and less resource intensive identification of engine malfunctions.

scholarly journals Physical features of reducing air pollution for the operating conditions of the drying drum of brick factories

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 01034
Author(s):  
Vadim Bespalov ◽  
Gennadiy Turk ◽  
Oksana Gurova
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Block Diagram ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Engineering Systems ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Energy Concept ◽  
Physical Features ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article is devoted to the study of the process of reducing air pollution in relation to the operating conditions of the drying drum of brick factories. The objectives of the work were to study and identify the physical characteristics of the process of reducing air pollution for the operating conditions of the drying drum of brick factories, for its subsequent effective implementation with the help of engineering systems. A block diagram is suggested of the physical model of the process of reducing air pollution for the considered production and technological conditions, revealing the relationship of a set of consistently and purposefully implemented stages of the cycle of dusting, using physical and energy concept as the theoretical basis. As a result of the study of the process of reducing air pollution, in relation to the operating conditions of the drying drum of brick factories operation, based on the analysis of possible solutions of the problem of dusting, physical features of the process of reducing air pollution for these production and technological conditions were identified for its subsequent effective implementation by means of engineering systems.

The Analysis of the Operating Characteristics in a 600W Air Cooling Portable PEMFC

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Jun Sohn ◽  
Gu-Gon Park ◽  
Tae-Hyun Yang ◽  
Young-Gi Yoon ◽  
Won-Yong Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Optimal Operating ◽  
Fuel Cell Stack ◽  
Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Optimal Output ◽  
The Relationship

To maintain proper operating conditions is important to get optimal output power of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack. The air cooled fuel cell stack is widely used in sub kW PEMFC systems. The higher the power density of a stack, however, the more difficult it is to get well balanced operating conditions for the system such as the relative humidity, the temperature of stack, the rate of usage of reactant and so on. A 600W air cooled PEMFC stack was experimentally investigated to evaluate the design performance and to get optimal operating conditions for the portable application. The relationship between the operating conditions and the performance was analyzed. The results can be used as design criteria for portable PEMFC under various conditions.

Neutrophilia and mortality in women with uterine carcinosarcoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1258-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Arend ◽  
Anne Van Arsdale ◽  
Anar Gojayev ◽  
Brandon Michael Roane ◽  
David Doo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Absolute Neutrophil Count ◽  
Neutrophil Count ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Uterine Carcinosarcoma ◽  
Poor Prognostic Factor ◽  
Log Rank Test ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between pre-treatment absolute neutrophil count and clinical outcomes in patients with uterine carcinosarcoma.MethodsIn an Institutional Review Board approved, retrospective cohort study of 103 patients with uterine carcinosarcoma, the pre-treatment absolute neutrophil count data were obtained from the medical records, along with clinical, pathologic, treatment, and outcome data. Kaplan–Meier survival estimates were calculated and compared by the log rank test. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to examine the relationship of pre-treatment absolute neutrophil count with progression-free survival and overall survival.ResultsUterine carcinosarcoma patients in the highest quartile of pre-treatment absolute neutrophil count had significantly reduced progression-free survival (p<0.001, log rank test), and overall survival (p<0.001, log rank test), compared with patients in the lower absolute neutrophil count quartiles. On multivariable analysis, high absolute neutrophil count was an independent poor prognostic factor for disease recurrence, HR 2.97 (95% CI 1.35 to 6.53, p=0.007) for highest versus lowest quartile absolute neutrophil count, and for mortality, HR 4.43 (95% CI 1.64 to 12.00, p= 0.003).ConclusionsHigh pre-treatment absolute neutrophil count is an independent poor prognostic factor in patients with uterine carcinosarcoma and may be useful as a potential biomarker in clinical trials. The mechanistic relationship of neutrophilia and uterine carcinosarcoma progression merits further investigation.

The relationship of soil province to molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Cryptosporidium parvum isolated from calves in Georgia

2006 ◽  
Vol 171 (3) ◽  
pp. 478-482
Author(s):  
Debra L. Miller ◽  
Michael J. Mauel ◽  
Alan Liggett ◽  
Murray E. Hines ◽  
Kendall S. Frazier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Energy Efficiency Analysis of Piston Type Air Compressor

2014 ◽  
Vol 981 ◽  
pp. 769-773
Author(s):  
Su Lu Zheng ◽  
Yun Yan Mao ◽  
Xiang Ping Wang ◽  
Zhi Yun Zheng ◽  
Shen Xi He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Exhaust Valve ◽  
Valve Lift ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Intake Valve ◽  
Air Compressor ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Energy Efficiency Analysis

In the paper,the relationship of the energy efficiency and its impact factor such as intake valve lift ,exhaust valve lift, clearance volume and rotational speed has been researched and the optimal conditions of the air compressor running was found . By adjusting the parameters of intake valve lift, exhaust valve lift, clearance volume and rotational speed, the total energy of a W-1.6/5 compressor could be reduced by 10.9%.

scholarly journals Research of algorithms for recognizing and determining the coordinates of apple fruits on the crown of a tree

2020 ◽  
Vol 329 ◽  
pp. 05003
Author(s):  
Igor G. Smirnov ◽  
Vladimir V. Krasnoborodko ◽  
Dmitry A. Syrovatsky ◽  
Artyom Yu. Spiridonov
Keyword(s):  
Recognition System ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Apple Fruits ◽  
Shooting Distance

This paper presents the results of a study of the Apple fruit recognition system on the crown of a tree based on the use of an artificial neural network (ANN). The article describes the process of conducting a multi-factor experiment to determine the relationship between the operating conditions of ANN: illumination, shooting distance, photo resolution, and determining their optimal parameters that allow obtaining the highest quality results. The obtained mathematical model reflects the relationship of such factors as illumination, distance to the object, shooting resolution and their influence on the reliability (accuracy) of object recognition in the photo. The optimal parameters of these factors are determined, at which the maximum value of recognition reliability of the desired objects is reached.

The relationship of pre-treatment Alcoholics Anonymous affiliation with problem severity, social resources and treatment history

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Humphreys ◽  
Lee Ann Kaskutas ◽  
Constance Weisner
Keyword(s):  
Alcoholics Anonymous ◽  
Social Resources ◽  
Treatment History ◽  
Problem Severity ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Evidence of Host-Associated Populations of Cryptosporidium parvum in Italy

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 3523-3529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosanna Drumo ◽  
Giovanni Widmer ◽  
Liam J. Morrison ◽  
Andy Tait ◽  
Vincenzo Grelloni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Distinct Subgroup ◽  
Geographical Scale ◽  
Clonal Population Structure ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTRecent studies have revealed extensive genetic variation among isolates ofCryptosporidium parvum, an Apicomplexan parasite that causes gastroenteritis in both humans and animals worldwide. The parasite's population structure is influenced by the intensity of transmission, the host-parasite interaction, and husbandry practices. As a result,C. parvumpopulations can be panmictic, clonal, or even epidemic on both a local scale and a larger geographical scale. To extend the study ofC. parvumpopulations to an unexplored region, 173 isolates ofC. parvumcollected in Italy from humans and livestock (calf, sheep, and goat) over a 10-year period were genotyped using a multilocus scheme based on 7 mini- and microsatellite loci. In agreement with other studies, extensive polymorphism was observed, with 102 distinct multilocus genotypes (MLGs) identified among 173 isolates. The presence of linkage disequilibrium, the confinement of MLGs to individual farms, and the relationship of many MLGs inferred using network analysis (eBURST) suggest a predominantly clonal population structure, but there is also evidence that part of the diversity can be explained by genetic exchange. MLGs from goats were found to differ from bovine and sheep MLGs, supporting the existence ofC. parvumsubpopulations. Finally, MLGs from isolates collected between 1997 and 1999 were also identified as a distinct subgroup in principal-component analysis and eBURST analysis, suggesting a continuous introduction of novel genotypes in the parasite population.

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