A pilot web former designed to study retention-formation relationships

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-194
Author(s):  
Anna Svedberg ◽  
Tom Lindström
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Montmorillonite Clay ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Good Reproducibility ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Retention Aids ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract A pilot-scale fourdrinier former has been developed for the purpose of investigating the relationship between retention and paper formation (features, retention aids, dosage points, etc.). The main objective of this publication was to present the R-F (Retention and formation)-machine and demonstrate some of its fields of applications. For a fine paper stock (90% hardwood and 10% softwood) with addition of 25% filler (based on total solids content), the relationship between retention and formation was investigated for a microparticulate retention aid (cationic polyacrylamide together with anionic montmorillonite clay). The retention-formation relationship of the retention aid system was investigated after choosing standardized machine operating conditions (e.g. the jet-to-wire speed ratio). As expected, the formation was impaired when the retention was increased. Since good reproducibility was attained, the R-F (Retention and formation)-machine was found to be a useful tool for studying the relationship between retention and paper formation.

scholarly journals Engine Malfunctioning Conditions Identification through Instantaneous Crankshaft Torque Measurement Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3522
Author(s):  
Konstantinos-Marios Tsitsilonis ◽  
Gerasimos Theotokatos
Keyword(s):  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Dynamics Model ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Measurement Analysis ◽  
Start Of Injection ◽  
Rate Of Heat Release ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Diagnostic Measurement ◽  
The Relationship

In this study a coupled thermodynamics and crankshaft dynamics model of a large two-stroke diesel engine was utilised, to map the relationship of the engine Instantaneous Crankshaft Torque (ICT) with the following frequently occurring malfunctioning conditions: (a) change in Start of Injection (SOI), (b) change in Rate of Heat Release (RHR), (c) change in scavenge air pressure, and (d) blowby. This was performed using frequency analysis on the engine ICT, which was obtained through a series of parametric runs of the coupled engine model, under the various malfunctioning and healthy operating conditions. This process demonstrated that engine ICT can be successfully utilised to identify the distinct effects of malfunctions (c) or (d), as they occur individually in any cylinder. Furthermore by using the same process, malfunctions (a) and (b) can be identified as they occur individually for any cylinder, however there is no distinct effect on the engine ICT among these malfunctions, since their effect on the in-cylinder pressure is similar. As a result, this study demonstrates the usefulness of the engine ICT as a non-intrusive diagnostic measurement, as well as the benefits of malfunctioning conditions mapping, which allows for quick and less resource intensive identification of engine malfunctions.

scholarly journals Physical features of reducing air pollution for the operating conditions of the drying drum of brick factories

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 01034
Author(s):  
Vadim Bespalov ◽  
Gennadiy Turk ◽  
Oksana Gurova
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Block Diagram ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Engineering Systems ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Energy Concept ◽  
Physical Features ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article is devoted to the study of the process of reducing air pollution in relation to the operating conditions of the drying drum of brick factories. The objectives of the work were to study and identify the physical characteristics of the process of reducing air pollution for the operating conditions of the drying drum of brick factories, for its subsequent effective implementation with the help of engineering systems. A block diagram is suggested of the physical model of the process of reducing air pollution for the considered production and technological conditions, revealing the relationship of a set of consistently and purposefully implemented stages of the cycle of dusting, using physical and energy concept as the theoretical basis. As a result of the study of the process of reducing air pollution, in relation to the operating conditions of the drying drum of brick factories operation, based on the analysis of possible solutions of the problem of dusting, physical features of the process of reducing air pollution for these production and technological conditions were identified for its subsequent effective implementation by means of engineering systems.

scholarly journals Bioengineering approach for sewage sludge degradation through aerobic thermophilic process

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-163
Author(s):  
Bijaya Nanda Naik ◽  
Harison Masih ◽  
Ajaya Singh
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Microbial Degradation ◽  
Biological System ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Sewage Sludge Treatment ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The aerobic thermophilic sewage sludge treatment process was studied at various bioreactor scales through modified bioengineering design approach. The effectiveness of the biological system was controlled by varying the process operating conditions of bioreactor to enhance microbial degradation efficiency. The inactivation of pathogen each promoted by increase of temperature, while the residual CFU was lowered by reducing the total solids content of sewage sludge. The optimum sludge degradation through aerobic thermophilic process occurred in temperature range of 58 - 62oC but temperature more than 60oC was suitable for hygienic inactivation. Dual digestion systems of an aerobic theromophilic treatment followed by anaerobic thermophilic stabilization stage shows greater treatment and efficiency in degrading the organic sludge constituting up to seventy per cent. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v37i2.17556 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 37, No. 2, 159-163, 2013

Using turbidity and particle counts to monitor Cryptosporidium removals by filters

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.M. Huck ◽  
B.M. Coffey ◽  
W.B. Anderson ◽  
M.B. Emelko ◽  
D.D. Maurizio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Optimal Operating ◽  
Filter Performance ◽  
Particle Counts ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Filter Cycle

Physicochemical removal of protozoan pathogens is receiving increased attention because of the difficulty of chemically inactivating these organisms, particularly Cryptosporidium parvum. Most studies that have examined the removal of these and other pathogens by filtration have been conducted under steady-state conditions with optimized pre-treatment. The research on which this paper is based evaluated the removal of Cryptosporidium and surrogates at various points in the filter cycle and under non-optimal conditions, at several pilot plants. The focus of this paper is on the relationship between removals of Cryptosporidium, and turbidity and particle counts. Under stable or optimal operating conditions all pilot plants produced similar low filter effluent turbidity and particle counts. Average Cryptosporidium removal varied among locations, however, by more than two log units. Cryptosporidium removal was impaired under all of the non-optimal conditions. Particle and turbidity performance was also worse, but the relationship of these parameters to Cryptosporidium removal varied. Particle counts show greater promise than turbidity as a tool to monitor filter performance in real time for possible deterioration in Cryptosporidium removal capability.

Continued studies of the relationship of specific gravity to total solids of potatoes

1969 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 120-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Fitzpatrick ◽  
W. L. Porter ◽  
G. V. C. Houghland
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Research of algorithms for recognizing and determining the coordinates of apple fruits on the crown of a tree

2020 ◽  
Vol 329 ◽  
pp. 05003
Author(s):  
Igor G. Smirnov ◽  
Vladimir V. Krasnoborodko ◽  
Dmitry A. Syrovatsky ◽  
Artyom Yu. Spiridonov
Keyword(s):  
Recognition System ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Apple Fruits ◽  
Shooting Distance

This paper presents the results of a study of the Apple fruit recognition system on the crown of a tree based on the use of an artificial neural network (ANN). The article describes the process of conducting a multi-factor experiment to determine the relationship between the operating conditions of ANN: illumination, shooting distance, photo resolution, and determining their optimal parameters that allow obtaining the highest quality results. The obtained mathematical model reflects the relationship of such factors as illumination, distance to the object, shooting resolution and their influence on the reliability (accuracy) of object recognition in the photo. The optimal parameters of these factors are determined, at which the maximum value of recognition reliability of the desired objects is reached.

Mathematical Model Describing the Relationship of Fat, Protein, and Lactose to the Total Solids—Its Application in Milk Testing

1976 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 845-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. CERVINKA ◽  
B. W. ROLF ◽  
L. H. LOCKHART ◽  
T. J. GIBSON
Keyword(s):  
Raw Milk ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
California Department ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Multiple Regression Technique ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

California dairy farmers producing and selling Grade A milk for pasteurization receive payment based on milkfat and solids-not-fat content of raw milk. In 1970, the concept of using electronic methods for testing of milk and its components was accepted by the California Department of Food and Agriculture. The InfraRed Milk Analyzer (IRMA) with its ability to measure fat, protein, and lactose, using a predetermined factor for the unmeasured solids, appeared to fill the need for a rapid, accurate, and economical method. After comparing IRMA results with chemical tests of known accuracy for several seasons, it appeared the ash factor could vary seasonally and geographically, as well as with individual dairy herds. It was decided to study the accuracy and calibration stability of InfraRed Milk Analyzers (IRMA), as well as the use of a constant value for the ash factor. By applying a multiple regression technique to milk sample data, it was possible to generate a model describing the relationship of fat, protein, and lactose to total solids (and solids-not-fat).

The Effect of Speed Matching on the CMP Uniformity

2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 4154-4157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Xue Guo ◽  
Jing Zhai ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Qing Zhong Li
Keyword(s):  
Relative Motion ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Polishing Process ◽  
Polishing Pad ◽  
Chemical Mechanical Polishing Process ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
The Relationship

In the chemical mechanical polishing process, the relationship of relative motion of polishing pad and polishing head plays very important role for CMP quality. This paper established the mathematical model in order to investigate the relative motion of polishing pad and polishing head. It was found that the speed ratio of polishing pad and polishing head shows great influence on the CMP uniformity. And when the value of speed ratio of relative rotation approaches 1.23, the distribution of abrasives’ trajectories is close and uniform. Theoretically, the surface quality of workpiece is better.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Layer Flock Age and Egg Weight on Egg Component Yields and Solids Content

1983 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 1800-1805 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.L. FLETCHER ◽  
W.M. BRITTON ◽  
G.M. PESTI ◽  
A.P. RAHN ◽  
S.I. SAVAGE
Keyword(s):  
Egg Weight ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals The authors would like to thank the staff of the Organisation of Transportation and Transport Management Department

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 498-509
Author(s):  
B. S. Trofimov ◽  
I. S. Trofimova
Keyword(s):  
System Analysis ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Dump Truck ◽  
Motor Transport ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Introduction. The article is devoted to the lorries work planning, the operational characteristics of which will make it possible to transport loads of different properties due to changes in the design of these vehicles. The purpose of the study is to develop a new scientific and methodological approach for planning the operation of trucks, which allows taking into account the compliance of a) the controlled parameters of the vehicle with the required values when making changes to the design, b) the planned volume of technical impacts to the required volume for the periods of operation of vehicles in certain conditions, c) the volume transportation in the contract for the planned production of vehicles for the transportation of various types of goods.Materials and methods. To plan the work of a lorry, taking into account changes in its design, it is required to use improved methods for optimizing the planning of the work of a freight motor transport enterprise, which is the relationship of activities for the transportation of goods, maintenance and current repair. The basis of the presented materials and methods is the scientific work of domestic and foreign scientists on the operation of cars with changes in its design; the main provisions of the Federal Laws in terms of permits for the operation of vehicles. The methodological basis of theoretical and experimental research is system analysis and logical analysis.Results. The authors have developed a scientific and methodological approach to planning the operation of a lorry, taking into account changes in its design to fulfill the terms of contracts and make a profit for the trucking company.Discussion and conclusions. The implementation and testing of the scientific and methodological approach were carried out according to the algorithm of the developed methodology in the operating conditions of a motor transport enterprise in the city of Omsk. A procedure was carried out to obtain a certificate from the traffic police after changes were made to the design of the KamAZ-53212 vehicle in order to operate it as a dump truck, and a calculation of costs and profits was made to fulfill the terms of contracts for the transportation of various types of goods.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document