Probing the mechanisms of NOM chlorination using fluorescence: formation of disinfection by-products in Alento River water

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fabbricino ◽  
G.V. Korshin
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
River Water ◽  
Emission Band ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Haloacetic Acids ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
By Products

Experiments with Alento River water (a drinking water source in the province of Salerno, Italy) showed that considerable amounts of disinfection by-products, primarily chloroform and haloacetic acids, form in that water upon chlorination. The total yield of haloacetic acids was almost twice as high as that of chloroform. Chlorination also caused significant changes in the intensity of NOM fluorescence and the position of the emission band. To quantify the latter, the wavelength that corresponds to the position of the emission band at its half-intensity (λ0.5) was employed. Chlorination caused the λ0.5 values to decrease, while the THMs and HAAs concentrations were linearly correlated with the corresponding λ0.5 values. The strength of correlations between DBP concentrations and λ0.5 values indicates that the latter parameter can be employed in studies of DBP formation in drinking water.

scholarly journals Quality of Ground and Surface Water of Rajshahi City Area for Sustainable Drinking Water Source

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 577 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Rasul ◽  
M. S. Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
River Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
City Area ◽  
Rajshahi City

An investigation was carried out to assess the water qualities and extents of impurities in groundwater and surface water (Padma river water) in Rajshahi City area. Water samples from a total of 330 tube wells and five spots of the river Padma were analysed for physicochemical, biological and hydrological parameters with standard methods. Among all considered parameters of ground water, concentrations of arsenic, iron, manganese, total hardness, and total coliform and faecal coliform bacteria were found above the permissible limits for potable water. In case of the river Padma, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total coliform, faecal coliform and suspended solids exceeded permissible limits. Both ground and river water must be treated properly before distribution for drinking purpose. Finally, the Padma is recommended as the most sustainable drinking water source for Rajshahi City Corporation area. Keywords: Rajshahi City; Ground water; Surface water; Quality control. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i3.4093                 J. Sci. Res. 2 (3), 579-586 (2010) 

Study on secondary reaction and fate of hazardous chemicals by oxidants

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 325-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Kim ◽  
K. H. Oh ◽  
S. H. Lee ◽  
S. S. Choi ◽  
K. C. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Treatment Procedure ◽  
Emergency Control ◽  
Water Treatments ◽  
By Products

The water treatment procedure can lead to the formation of by-products, when the drinking water source is contaminated with trace amounts of organic matter. In this study, the disinfection by-products (DBPs) of trace organic compounds were identified to provide the knowledge on the possible DBPs of the contaminated water during the general or emergent water treatment procedure. Chlorination or ozonation was performed in the laboratory scale under the conditions for the drinking water treatments, and the DBPs of 16 VOCs and 4 phenols were screened using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). By the chlorination, dichlorobenzene was produced from benzene, ethylbenzene and styrene. 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloropropane and phenol produced 1,1,1-trichloroethane, chloroform and chlorophenol, respectively. By the ozonation, bromoform changed to dibromomethane and styrene produced benzaldehyde. Finally, the water treatment method of each classified contaminant group was suggested for the emergency control of contamination.

Tracking disinfection by-products and arsenic removal during various drinking water treatment trains

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 3169-3177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Tubić ◽  
Božo Dalmacija ◽  
Jasmina Agbaba ◽  
Ivana Ivančev-Tumbas ◽  
Mile Klašnja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Ferrous Chloride ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
Water Quality Simulation ◽  
By Products

In the central Banat region (Northern Serbia), groundwater is used as a drinking water source. Raw water originates from a 40–80 m and 100–150 m deep layer. It contains a high amount of natural organic matter (DOC = 9.17 ± 0.87 mg C/L) with a trihalomethanes formation potential of 448 ± 88.2 μg/L and a haloacetic acid formation potential of 174 ± 68.9 μg/L. A high amount of arsenic (86.0 ± 3.4 μg/L) is also found in this water. This study used a pilot-scale system to investigate the possibilities of combining polyaluminium chloride and ferrous-chloride to remove disinfection by-products precursors and arsenic by coagulation. Two treatment trains with different pre-treatment steps were investigated (ozone vs. H2O2/O3). For the final water polishing, filtration with granulated activated carbon (GAC) was applied. Both investigated treatment lines achieved a satisfactory chemical water quality. Simulation of disinfection conditions was performed and the contents of trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids measured, to investigate whether the chemical quality of the water remained satisfactory over a 48 hour period.

Global return flow ratio

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloé Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Return Flow ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Flow Ratio ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Dug Wells

Population using an improved drinking water source (piped water into dwellings, yards or plots; public taps or standpipes; boreholes or tubewells; protected dug wells; or protected springs and rainwater) that is located on premises and available when needed and which is free of faecal and priority chemical contamination. Basin Pollution Quality Waste

scholarly journals Are children’s stools in Ghana disposed of safely? Evidence from the 2014 Ghana demographic and health survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul-Aziz Seidu
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Safe Disposal ◽  
Toilet Facility ◽  
Improved Sanitation ◽  
Northern Zone

Abstract Background Safe disposal of children’s faeces has always been one of the main challenges to good hygiene in Ghana. Although it has been proven that children’s faeces are more likely to spread diseases than adults’ faeces, people usually mistake them for harmlessness. This study, therefore, sought to determine the prevalence and factors associated with safe disposal of children’s faeces in Ghana. Methods Data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey was used for the analysis. A sample size of 2228 mother-child pairs were used for the study. The outcome variable was disposal of children stools. Both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the factors with safe child stool disposal. Results The prevalence of safe child stool disposal in Ghana was 24.5%. Women in the middle [Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.62; Confidence Interval (CI) = 3.00–7.10], Coastal Zone [AOR = 4.52; CI = 2.82–7.22], mothers whose children were aged 12–17 [AOR = 1.56; CI = 1.15–2.13] and 18–23 months [AOR = 1.75; CI = 1.29–2.39], and mothers whose household had improved type of toilet facility [AOR = 2.04; CI = 1.53–2.73] had higher odds of practicing safe children’s faeces disposal. However, women from households with access to improved source of drinking water [AOR = 0.62; CI = 0.45–2.7] had lower odds of practicing safe children’s faeces disposal. Conclusion Approximately only about 25 out of 100 women practice safe disposal of their children’s faeces in Ghana. The age of the child, ecological zone, the type of toilet facilities, and the type of drinking water source are associated with the disposal of child faeces. These findings have proven that only improved sanitation (i.e. drinking water and toilet facilities) are not enough for women to safely dispose of their children’s faeces. Therefore, in addition to provision of toilet facilities especially in the northern zone of Ghana, there is also the need to motivate and educate mothers on safe disposal of children’s stools especially those with children below 12 months. More so, mothers without access to improved toilet facility should also be educated on the appropriate ways to bury their children’s stools safely.

Divergent responses of diverse microalgae commonly found in drinking water source water to UV-C treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Roszell ◽  
Po-Shun Chan ◽  
Brian Petri ◽  
Ted Mao ◽  
Kathleen Nolan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Uv C
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