scholarly journals Evaluation of an environmentally sustainable UV-assisted water treatment system for the removal of Bacillus globigii spores in water

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 968-975
Author(s):  
R. G. Silva ◽  
J. Szabo ◽  
V. Namboodiri ◽  
E. R. Krishnan ◽  
J. Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Disinfection Byproducts ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Inorganic Substances ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Development of greener water treatment technologies is important for the production of safe drinking water and water security applications, such as decontamination. Chlorine assisted disinfection is common and economical, but can generate disinfection byproducts (DBPs) that may be of health concern. DBPs are formed due to the reaction of chlorine with naturally occurring organic and inorganic substances in water. Currently, various innovative technologies are being developed as alternative approaches for preventing DBPs during water treatment. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of a novel combination of high efficiency flow filtration and UV disinfection treatment system for the removal of Bacillus globigii (B. globigii) spores in water. The filtration system consists of a charged membrane filter (CMF) that not only helps to remove suspended particles but also reduces the impact of other impurities including bio organisms. In order to get most performance details, the CMF was evaluated at clean, half-life, and end of life (EOL) conditions along with 100% UV transmittance (UVT). In addition, the effectiveness of the UV system was evaluated as a stand alone system at 100% and 70% EOL intensity. The study was conducted at the US EPA's Test and Evaluation (T&E) Facility in Cincinnati, OH, using B. globigii, a surrogate for B. anthracis spores. This non-chemical environmentally-friendly CMF/UV combination system and the stand alone UV unit showed greater than 6.0 log removal of B. globigii during the tests.

scholarly journals Development of a schwarzite-based moving bed 3D printed water treatment system for nanoplastic remediation

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (32) ◽  
pp. 19788-19796
Author(s):  
Bramha Gupta ◽  
Rushikesh S. Ambekar ◽  
Raphael M. Tromer ◽  
Partha Sarathi Ghosal ◽  
Rupal Sinha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystem ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Environmental Challenges ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Water Treatment System ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Impact

The impact of micro and nanoplastic debris on our aquatic ecosystem is among the most prominent environmental challenges we face today.

scholarly journals Modeling the Impact of an Indoor Air Filter on Air Pollution Exposure Reduction and Associated Mortality in Urban Delhi Household

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1391
Author(s):  
Jiawen Liao ◽  
Wenlu Ye ◽  
Ajay Pillarisetti ◽  
Thomas F. Clasen
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Personal Exposure ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Indoor Exposure ◽  
Pm2.5 Exposure ◽  
The Impact

Indoor exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a prominent health concern. However, few studies have examined the effectiveness of long-term use of indoor air filters for reduction of PM2.5 exposure and associated decrease in adverse health impacts in urban India. We conducted 20 simulations of yearlong personal exposure to PM2.5 in urban Delhi using the National Institute of Standards and Technology’s CONTAM program (NIST, Gaithersburg, MD, USA). Simulation scenarios were developed to examine different air filter efficiencies, use schedules, and the influence of a smoker at home. We quantified associated mortality reductions with Household Air Pollution Intervention Tool (HAPIT, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA). Without an air filter, we estimated an annual mean PM2.5 personal exposure of 103 µg/m3 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 93, 112) and 137 µg/m3 (95% CI: 125, 149) for households without and with a smoker, respectively. All day use of a high-efficiency particle air (HEPA) filter would reduce personal PM2.5 exposure to 29 µg/m3 and 30 µg/m3, respectively. The reduced personal PM2.5 exposure from air filter use is associated with 8–37% reduction in mortality attributable to PM2.5 pollution in Delhi. The findings of this study indicate that air filter may provide significant improvements in indoor air quality and result in health benefits.

scholarly journals Optimum Operating Conditions of Drinking Water Treatment System for Fluoride Removal using High Adsorption Bone Char

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 520-528
Author(s):  
Min-Soo Maeng ◽  
Jung-Seop Byun ◽  
Hyo-Jin Park ◽  
Gwy-Am Shin
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Bone Char ◽  
Water Treatment System

Objectives : Bone char is used in many eastern countries in Africa to remove high levels of fluoride from groundwater. However, due to the low adsorption efficiency of bone char, it is necessary to replace bone char frequently, which cause significant burden to the people in those areas. In this study, we developed a water treatment system to remove high level of fluoride in groundwater using a high efficiency bone char.Methods : In order to make a high efficiency bone char, cow bones were washed, dried and cut into small pieces. Then the bones were burned for 1, 3 and 5 hours at 350, 450 and 550℃ in electric furnaces. After that, the burned bones were sieved with 600~2,000 µm to match the size of bone char being used in Ethiopia. Surface analysis of bone char was performed using SEM and BET. The removal efficiency of bone char was conducted with various level of turbidity, TOC, and fluoride concentration for 90 minutes under the flow rate conditions of 100, 200, 300, and 400 L/day with an initial fluoride concentration of 4.8 mg/L.Result and Discussion : There was a significant difference between the bone char from Ethiopia and our study in terms of their surface roughness and specific surface area according to SEM and BET analysis. The adsorption capacity of the bone char produced in this study was 3.7 mg F/g, compared to 1 mg/L from the one from Ethiopia. In terms of turbidity and organic matter removal with column test, 200 L/d showed the shortest operating time to reach turbidity of less than 0.5 NTU, and was an effective operation for TOC removal. However, It took the longest to 1.5 mg/L of fluoride after breakthrough under 100 L/d operating conditions. In terms of operating time, bed volume, and energy efficiency, 100 L/d was found to be an effective operating condition.Conclusions : We developed a high efficiency bone char in this study with modification of its production process and tested it at various operating conditions. Our study showed that the bone char developed in this study is about 4 times more effective than traditional bone char and it is most effective at operation with low flow rates. Column operation is most effective at 100 L/d for fluoride removal under operating time and bed volume and energy efficiency. Therefore operating condition of drinking water treatment system for the fluorine removal using bone char in developing countries is effective in low flow rate operation.

Piezoelectric β-polymorph formation of new textiles by surface modification with coating process based on interfacial interaction on the conformational variation of poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) chains

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 31301
Author(s):  
Nabil Chakhchaoui ◽  
Rida Farhan ◽  
Meriem Boutaldat ◽  
Marwane Rouway ◽  
Adil Eddiai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Interfacial Interaction ◽  
Tetraethyl Orthosilicate ◽  
Poly Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Carbon Nanofillers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Advanced Applications

Novel textiles have received a lot of attention from researchers in the last decade due to some of their unique features. The introduction of intelligent materials into textile structures offers an opportunity to develop multifunctional textiles, such as sensing, reacting, conducting electricity and performing energy conversion operations. In this research work nanocomposite-based highly piezoelectric and electroactive β-phase new textile has been developed using the pad-dry-cure method. The deposition of poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) − carbon nanofillers (CNF) − tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), Si(OCH2CH3)4 was acquired on a treated textile substrate using coating technique followed by evaporation to transform the passive (non-functional) textile into a dynamic textile with an enhanced piezoelectric β-phase. The aim of the study is the investigation of the impact the coating of textile via piezoelectric nanocomposites based PVDF-CNF (by optimizing piezoelectric crystalline phase). The chemical composition of CT/PVDF-CNC-TEOS textile was detected by qualitative elemental analysis (SEM/EDX). The added of 0.5% of CNF during the process provides material textiles with a piezoelectric β-phase of up to 50% has been measured by FTIR experiments. These results indicated that CNF has high efficiency in transforming the phase α introduced in the unloaded PVDF, to the β-phase in the case of nanocomposites. Consequently, this fabricated new textile exhibits glorious piezoelectric β-phase even with relatively low coating content of PVDF-CNF-TEOS. The study demonstrates that the pad-dry-cure method can potentially be used for the development of piezoelectric nanocomposite-coated wearable new textiles for sensors and energy harvesting applications. We believe that our study may inspire the research area for future advanced applications.

Improvement of Lake Water Quality by using Moving Rapid Water Treatment System

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang-Hee Lee ◽  
◽  
Min-Ho Kim ◽  
Nam-Woo An ◽  
Chul-hwi Park
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Lake Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment System
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