scholarly journals Managing cyanobacterial toxin risks to recreational users: a case study of inland lakes in South East Queensland

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1719-1726
Author(s):  
Cameron James Veal ◽  
Catherine Neelamraju ◽  
T. Wolff ◽  
A. Watkinson ◽  
D. Shillito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practice ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Cylindrospermopsis Raciborskii ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Inland Waterways ◽  
Cyanobacterial Toxin ◽  
Inland Lakes ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Guideline Values

Abstract The management of inland waterways to protect recreational users from cyanotoxin exposure is complicated by the common management practice of using proxy indicators of cyanotoxin production (cell counts and biovolumes of potentially toxin species), rather than the cyanotoxin itself. This widely accepted practice is further complicated by a lack of advisory guidelines for non-microcystin-producing cyanotoxins. This study has investigated the effectiveness of this management approach over five and a half years, monitoring 65 different sites in South East Queensland using phycological and toxin-analysis. This study concluded that cell counts of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, the most common potentially toxin producing species of cyanobacteria in South East Queensland's inland lakes, was a poor proxy indicator for cylindrospermopsin toxin production. Seqwater, the local water authority responsible for the management of recreational access to drinking water storage lakes, initiated an alternative management approach for recreational cyanobacterial water quality management in December 2016. This new approach is based on cyanobacterial toxin guideline values for five different cyanotoxins, with closures and warning notices issued based on the actual cyanotoxin concentration, not the proxy indicator. We encourage other recreational water management authorities consider this approach to manage recreational access in the future.

Water Quality Management – A Total Catchment Management Approach

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Hawkins ◽  
D. A. Geering
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Catchment Management ◽  
Know How ◽  
Wild And Scenic Rivers ◽  
Resource Managers ◽  
Resource Protection ◽  
Development Resource

Water quality standards set in the past have not helped resource managers in the decisions that they face in seeking sustainable development. Resource managers are looking for meaningful information on water quality so as to evaluate the resource, set priorities for action, and to monitor progress. Resource managers need to know how water quality affects, and is affected by, catchment uses and activities. Examples of three wild and scenic rivers, the Nymboida, Murrumbidgee, and Hawkesbury/Nepean River systems, demonstrate how a ‘Total Catchment Management' approach to resource use and resource protection has advantages for water quality management.

scholarly journals Harmful phytoplankton blooms and fish mortality in a eutrophicated reservoir of northeast Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naithirithi Tiruvenkatachary Chellappa ◽  
Sarah Laxhmi Chellappa ◽  
Sathyabama Chellappa
Keyword(s):  
Cyanobacterial Bloom ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Fish Mortality ◽  
Cylindrospermopsis Raciborskii ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Cyanobacterial Toxin ◽  
Bloom Formation ◽  
Harmful Effects

The aim of this work was to study the eutrophication in the tropical freshwater ecosystems and the consequent cyanobacterial bloom formation and economical damage to fisheries and harmful effects to public health. Mass fish mortality due to toxin producing cyanobacterial blooms was registered during December 2003 in Marechal Dutra Reservoir, Acari/RN, Northeast Brazil. Phytoplankton and fish samplings were carried out on alternate days during the episode of fish mortality and monthly during January to June 2004. The cyanobacterial toxin was identified and quantified from the seston samples and liver of the dead fishes using the standard HPLC method. The results indicated that the toxic blooms of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and Microcystis aeruginosa were persistent for two weeks and represented 90% of the phytoplankton species assemblages. The lethally affected fishes were Oreochromis niloticus, Plagioscion squamosissimus, Cichla monoculus, Prochilodus brevis, Hoplias malabaricus and Leporinus friderici. The microcystin levels varied from 0.07 to 8.73µg L-1 the seston samples and from 0.01 to 2.59µg g-1in the liver samples of the fishes during the bloom period.

scholarly journals PREDICTING THE VARIABILITY OF COPPER AND ZINC IN LEAF AND SOIL OF OIL PALM PLANTED ON A 12 HA LAND USING GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Shuhada Tajudin ◽  
Mohamed Hanafi Musa ◽  
Idris Abu Seman ◽  
Sivakumar Balasundram
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Geospatial Information

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is an important economic tree crops in the tropic. However, more than 95 % of oil palms grown in Southeast Asia are on acid, low fertility and highly weathered soils. Optimum value of micronutrients in the soil was required to enhance the efficiency of use of macro-nutrients. Hence, to observe and predict the fertility status of the oil palm plantation area, a 12 hectare study site was used and a total of 60 geo-referenced soil and leaf samples were collected for determinations of pH and selected micronutrients of Cu and Zn content. The data were explored and mapped using geostatistic and Geographic Information System (GIS). The study area had acidic type of soil with pH ranged from 3.25-5.85. The analysis showed that almost 78% of the study area had high content of Cu in soil, while another 22% of area was low to moderate in Cu. However, Cu content in leaf were categorized as insufficient as 100% of the area was observed to have Cu less than 3 ppm. About 80% of the study area showed a low to moderate content of Zn in soil, while another 20% of area showed a high content of Zn. Zinc content in leaf ranged from optimum to high categories. However, this value did not reach the excess level of Zn (50 ppm). These results suggest that, this plantation area need a site specific management approach in order to increase its crop productivity in regards to nutrient management. As a preliminary recommendation, a zone management practice would be applied in future as it is beneficial in term of protecting the environment from excessive fertilizer.

Appendicitis in Diabetics: Predictors of Complications and Their Incidence

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 753-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Bach ◽  
Andrew Donovan ◽  
Whitney Loggins ◽  
Stephanie Thompson ◽  
Bryan Richmond
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
General Surgeon ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Chi Squared

Appendicitis is the most common surgical emergency encountered by the general surgeon. Literature has demonstrated that diabetics may manifest atypical signs of infection, often clouding the diagnostic picture. We conducted a 3-year retrospective analysis of adults with appendicitis to determine differences in presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes for diabetic versus nondiabetic patients. Demographics, symptoms, imaging, procedure(s), complications, and length of stay (LOS) were obtained via chart review. Factors were compared between patients with and without diabetes using chi-squared test, t test, or Mann-Whitney U test (significance at P ≤ 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis identified variables predicting longer LOS or perforation at diagnosis. Overall, 339 patients met inclusion criteria [303 were nondiabetic (ND), 36 were diabetic (D)]. On univariate analysis, diabetics were more likely to have other comorbid illnesses: obesity ( P < 0.001), chronic kidney disease ( P = 0.003), hypertension ( P < 0.001), coronary artery disease ( P < 0.001), peripheral vascular disease (PVD, P = 0.31), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( P = 0.002). Diabetics presented with lower white blood cell counts (mean 14.2 ND, 11.9 D, P = 0.02), and were more likely to present with perforation (18.5% ND, 38.9% D, P = 0.008). LOS was longer in diabetics (1.0 day for ND, 3.0 day for D, P < 0.001). Complications were more frequent in diabetics (19.4% D vs 8.6% ND), which trended toward but failed to reach significance ( P = 0.066). On multivariate analysis, however, old age was the only characteristic associated with perforation [odds ratio: 1.05 (1.02–1.06), P < 0.001], whereas diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and older age predicted longer LOS ( P ≤ 0.001). Diabetics present a more complicated clinical picture having significantly more comorbidities and a trend toward postoperative complications necessitating a higher index of suspicion to detection complications. Further study is needed to evaluate the optimal diagnostic and management approach in this challenging population.

scholarly journals Cyanobacterial Toxin Degrading Bacteria: Who Are They?

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Ar. Kormas ◽  
Despoina S. Lymperopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Cyanobacterial Toxin ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Ecological Problems ◽  
Ecosystem Level ◽  
Toxin Degradation

Cyanobacteria are ubiquitous in nature and are both beneficial and detrimental to humans. Benefits include being food supplements and producing bioactive compounds, like antimicrobial and anticancer substances, while their detrimental effects are evident by toxin production, causing major ecological problems at the ecosystem level. To date, there are several ways to degrade or transform these toxins by chemical methods, while the biodegradation of these compounds is understudied. In this paper, we present a meta-analysis of the currently available 16S rRNA andmlrA(microcystinase) genes diversity of isolates known to degrade cyanobacterial toxins. The available data revealed that these bacteria belong primarily to the Proteobacteria, with several strains from the sphingomonads, and one from each of theMethylobacillusandPaucibactergenera. Other strains belonged to the generaArthrobacter, Bacillus, andLactobacillus. By combining the ecological knowledge on the distribution, abundance, and ecophysiology of the bacteria that cooccur with toxic cyanobacterial blooms and newly developed molecular approaches, it is possible not only to discover more strains with cyanobacterial toxin degradation abilities, but also to reveal the genes associated with the degradation of these toxins.

scholarly journals Breaking the Bottleneck: Conflicts Metamorphosis of Chure Landscape Management in Federal Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-86
Author(s):  
Bhola Bhattarai ◽  
Dipak Bishwokarma ◽  
Mathilde Legras
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Landscape Management ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Community Conflict ◽  
Environmental Protection Area ◽  
Protection Area

Chure forests, which is one of the youngest and most fragile landscapes of Nepal, continue to be degraded due to resource exploitation and conflict over its management. This region is considered to be the lifeline to down-stream communities - mainly for water - while inhabiting millions of poor and rural people that depend on natural resources - especially forests commons. Government initiatives to manage Chure have escalated contestations in the recent years. Its decision to declare Chure landscape as ‘Environmental Protection Area’ manifests a protection-centric management approach. This research scrutinises the genesis of contestation on Chure management utilising three–elements of conflicts described by Brown et al. (2017). It analyses power–relation to demonstrate potential implications on Chure landscape management as well as conflict resolution options, in the changed political context of federal Nepal. Our research reveals that all stakeholders are well aware of the continuous degradation of Chure landscape and have agreed on discovering the common locus of sustainable management. However, the state-community contestation still persists due to divergent understandings of degradation. Despite multiple strands of management options, contextualised community-based approach still appears to be an appropriate option to solve this persistent contestation, building on the practices of community forestry and historic failures of top-down, protection-centric management practice. The newly elected provincial and local governments could further facilitate a more effective management of Chure landscape through resolving the contentious state-community conflict.

Degradation of the cyanobacterial toxin cylindrospermopsin, from Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, by chlorination

Toxicon ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1203-1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Senogles ◽  
G Shaw ◽  
M Smith ◽  
R Norris ◽  
R Chiswell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cylindrospermopsis Raciborskii ◽  
Cyanobacterial Toxin

An Inner-Enterprise Design Knowledge Flow Management Approach

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhinan Zhang ◽  
Qing Long ◽  
Yonghong Liu ◽  
Youbai Xie
Keyword(s):  
Management Practice ◽  
Knowledge Flow ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Design Knowledge ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Organizational Boundaries ◽  
Flow Management ◽  
Large Enterprise ◽  
Reliable Knowledge ◽  
Large Enterprises

Design knowledge is distributed unevenly across organizational boundaries within large enterprises. Within this context, there are two main barriers to quick and reliable knowledge flow. The first is the organizational boundaries which will influence the efficiency of new design knowledge flow from when and where it is located to when and where it is need for application. The second is that one organization or sub-company of the same large enterprise often knows little about what kind of design knowledge or capability another one has. These barriers will prevent the flow of knowledge. Therefore, there is a need to develop methods and tools to improve the performance of knowledge flow within large enterprises. This paper first presents a brief introduction to the context and background information of our knowledge flow management practice in a large enterprise. Then the definition of key elements of design knowledge flow are introduced and analyzed. After that, we propose a service-based framework for the management of design knowledge flow; this framework focuses on organizing knowledge providers and developing a knowledge service platform. The proposed approach was primarily validated and verified in a large construction machinery enterprise. In addition, future work on improving the approach to knowledge flow management is also briefly discussed.

A Goal-Driven Risk Management Approach to Support Security and Privacy Analysis of Cloud-Based System

2013 ◽  
pp. 97-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shareeful Islam ◽  
Haralambos Mouratidis ◽  
Edgar R. Weippl
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Cloud Service ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Industrial Case Study ◽  
Share Data ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Expected Benefits ◽  
The Many

Cloud Computing is a rapidly evolving paradigm that is radically changing the way humans use their computers. Despite the many advantages, such as economic benefit, a rapid elastic resource pool, and on-demand service, the paradigm also creates challenges for both users and providers. There are issues, such as unauthorized access, loss of privacy, data replication, and regulatory violation that require adequate attention. A lack of appropriate solutions to such challenges might cause risks, which may outweigh the expected benefits of using the paradigm. In order to address the challenges and associated risks, a systematic risk management practice is necessary that guides users to analyze both benefits and risks related to cloud based systems. In this chapter the authors propose a goal-driven risk management modeling (GSRM) framework to assess and manage risks that supports analysis from the early stages of the cloud-based systems development. The approach explicitly identifies the goals that the system must fulfill and the potential risk factors that obstruct the goals so that suitable control actions can be identified to control such risks. The authors provide an illustrative example of the application of the proposed approach in an industrial case study where a cloud service is deployed to share data amongst project partners.

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