scholarly journals Water and soil environmental vulnerability of arti-ficial oases in arid areas and its temporal and spatial differentiation and evolution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cundong Xu ◽  
Zijin Liu ◽  
Xinglin Zhu ◽  
Junjiao Tian ◽  
Fengyou Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Zone ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Irrigation District ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Arid Areas ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
Environmental Vulnerability ◽  
Soil And Water

Abstract The water and soil environmental vulnerability in arid areas is mainly affected by vegetation, hydrology, terrain, and climate. To accurately evaluate the water and soil environmental vulnerability and its evolution in the Jingtaichuan Pumping Irrigation District in China, this paper, taking 1994, 2006, and 2018 as typical years, selects 13 index factors that directly or indirectly drive the water and soil environmental evolution in this area, and adopts the cloud theory and analytic hierarchy process to determine the weight of each index factor. Spatial analysis technique and supervised classification were used to obtain and standardize the spatial distribution raster maps of each index factor. The multi-source data fusion was performed according to the index weight to analyze the evolution characteristics of soil and water environmental vulnerability. The results showed that soil salinity, vegetation coverage, and land use type have a significant impact on the water and soil environmental vulnerability in this irrigation area, and most of the area is at mild risk. High risk mainly occurs in closed hydrological units in the eastern part of the irrigation area. From 1994 to 2018, the evolution process can be divided into two stages, namely the ‘environmental deterioration stage’ and the ‘environmental restoration stage’. The results showed that the water and soil environment of the irrigation area is developing in a healthy way. HIGHLIGHT In this paper, we use space remote sensing technology with continuous monitoring means. By establishing a set of rating system and a novel evaluation model applicable to the vulnerability of water and soil environment in artificial oases in arid zones. The evolutionary state of soil and water environmental vulnerability of a typical arid zone irrigation area25 is evaluated and analyzed.

Salinity Problems in the Arid Zones. Arid Zone Research, Vol. XIV

1962 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
B. H. Farmer ◽  
UNESCO
Keyword(s):  
Arid Zone ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Arid Zone Research

scholarly journals The demography of desert Australia

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Brown ◽  
John Taylor ◽  
Martin Bell
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Semi Arid

In recent years, with the formation of organisations such as the Desert Knowledge Cooperative Research Centre, social science interest in the Australian desert has re-surfaced with a research emphasis that is focused on creating sustainable futures for the region. One consequence of this is a demand for detailed demographic information to allow an assessment of different quanta of need in social and economic policy, and for assessment of the impact of these in environmental policy. However, demographic analysis on human populations in the desert to date has attracted very little research attention. In this paper we begin to address this lack of analysis by focusing on the populations, both aboriginal and non-aboriginal, of the arid and semi-arid zones of Australia. We extend earlier analysis by including for the first time demographic information on the semi-arid as well as the arid zone to establish the spatial pattern of population growth within the whole desert area drawing attention to the resulting settlement structure as an outcome of prevailing social, cultural and economic conditions. By examining population structure and demographic components of population change we also present for the first time population projections for the semi-arid zone and, therefore, in combination with the arid zone, for the entire Australian desert. All of this provides a basis for considering social and economic policy implications and the nature of underlying processes that drive change in this region.

scholarly journals Study on Double-Level Allocation of Irrigation Water Rights

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinjian Guan ◽  
Qiongying Du ◽  
Wenge Zhang ◽  
Baoyong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Irrigation District ◽  
Allocation Model ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
Irrigation Districts

Abstract Establishing and perfecting the water rights system is an important way to alleviate the shortage of water resources and realize the optimal allocation of water resources. Agriculture is an important user of water in various water-consumption industries, the confirmation of water rights in irrigation districts to farmers is the inevitable requirement for implementing fine irrigation in agricultural production. In this paper, a double-level water rights allocation model of national canals – farmer households in irrigation district is established. It takes into account the current water consumption of the canal system, the future water-saving potential and the constraint of total amount control at the canal level. It takes into account the asymmetric information of farmer households’ population and irrigation area at the farmer household level. Furthermore, the Gini coefficient method is used to construct the water rights allocation model among farmer households based on the principle of fairness. Finally, Wulanbuhe Irrigation Area in the Hetao Irrigation Area of Inner Mongolia is taken as an example. The results show that the allocated water rights of the national canals in the irrigation district are less than the current because of water-saving measures and water rights of farmer household get compensation or cut respectively. The research has fully tapped the water-saving potential of irrigation districts, refined the distribution of water rights of farmers and can provide a scientific basis for the development of water rights allocation in irrigation districts and water rights transactions between farmers.

scholarly journals Diversity of Myxomycetes in arid zones of Peru part II: the cactus belt and transition zones

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 083
Author(s):  
Carlos Lado ◽  
Diana Wrigley de Basanta ◽  
Arturo Estrada-Torres ◽  
Steven L. Stephenson ◽  
I. Treviño
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Arid Areas ◽  
Endemic Plants ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Transition Zones ◽  
Coastal Desert ◽  
One New Species

The results obtained from a second survey for Myxomycetes in the arid areas of Peru are reported. A total of 37 localities from the cactus belt (‘cardonal’), between 1500 and 3000 m a.s.l., were sampled over six years. This survey is based on 601 identifiable collections of myxomycetes, developed in the field under natural conditions or those that were recovered from moist chamber cultures. In total, 84 taxa representing 19 genera were recorded. One new species, Cribraria spinispora Lado & D.Wrigley sp. nov., is described, three species new to South America and 22 additional new species for Peru are reported as well. Endemic plants, expecially cacti, had a particular relevance as myxomycete substrates. The predominance of the order Physarales T.Macbr. in arid areas is reinforced. Comments are included on some collections, as well as SEM micrographs of several species. A statistical evaluation of the diversity of myxomycetes in the cardonal area and a comparison of this area with the dry coastal desert of Peru and other Neotropical xeric environments are also included. Results show that the arid areas are rich in myxomycetes, and that each area has a unique assemblage. The differences appear to be related to the host plants.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Variation of Vegetation Coverage and Its Response to Climate Factors and Human Activities in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas: Case Study of the Otindag Sandy Land in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 5214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wang ◽  
Fei Yao ◽  
Huasheng Zhu ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Vegetation Dynamics ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variation ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Arid Areas ◽  
Climate Factors ◽  
Sandy Land ◽  
Otindag Sandy Land ◽  
Semi Arid

Vegetation coverage is a key variable in terrestrial ecosystem monitoring and climate change research and is closely related to soil erosion and land desertification. In this article, we aimed to resolve two key scientific issues: (1) quantifying the spatial-temporal vegetation dynamics in the Otindag Sandy Land (OSL); and (2) identifying the relative importance of climate factors and human activities in impacting vegetation dynamics. Based on correlation analysis, simple regression analysis, and the partial derivative formula method, we examined the spatiotemporal variation of vegetation coverage in the OSL, belonging to the arid and semiarid region of northern China, and their interaction with climate-human factors. The results showed that the vegetation coverage of the area showed a downward trend with a rate of −0.0006/a during 2001–2017, and gradually decreased from east to west. Precipitation was the main climate factor controlling the overall distribution pattern of vegetation coverage, while the human factors had a more severe impact on the vegetation coverage than the climate factors in such a short period, and the overall impact was negative. Among the human factors, population pressure, urbanization, industrialization, pastoral production activities, and residents’ lifestyles had a negative impact. However, ecological restoration polices alleviated the contradiction between human development and vegetation deterioration. The results of this article provide a scientific basis for restoring grassland systems in arid and semi-arid areas

Integrated resource management for sustained crop production in arid regions of India

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Gupta ◽  
R. K. Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Arid Areas ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Integrated Resource Management ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Moisture Management

AbstractIn arid areas of western Rajasthan, major constraints responsible for low plant production include low and erratic rainfall, high evaporation, and low soil fertility, particularly with respect to organic carbon and nitrogen. These problems lead to acute shortages of grain, fodder and fuelwood. Sustainable crop and biomass production can be achieved through adoption of agroforestry, silvipastoral and agrihorticultural systems. Integrated nutrient and moisture management practices can help in controlling pathogens and in improving the soil environment for higher sustained production.

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