scholarly journals International research agency perspectives on potable water reuse

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 563-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Burgess ◽  
Melissa Meeker ◽  
Julie Minton ◽  
Mark O'Donohue
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
International Research ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Direct Potable Reuse

This paper summarises the technical, social and political issues regarding direct potable reuse in the USA, Australia, and South Africa.

scholarly journals Toilet power: potable water reuse and the situated meaning of sustainability in the southwestern United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 633
Author(s):  
Kerri Jean Ormerod
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Q Methodology ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Urban Metabolism ◽  
Urban Wastewater ◽  
Southwestern United States ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Contextual Understanding ◽  
Direct Potable Reuse

<p>Proposals to recycle urban wastewater for potable purposes are at the forefront of water development. In this article I combine political ecology's attention to networked relations with Q methodology to identify the shared positions of select stakeholders in the southwestern United States, an urbanizing region increasingly reliant on potable water reuse. I employ critical Q methodology to provide a contextual understanding of how water and sanitation technology shapes subjects and environments. The analyses reveal two distinct sanitary subjectivities, which I label neosanitarian and ecosanitarian, whose views most sharply diverge regarding the appropriateness of direct potable reuse and composting toilets. The findings highlight the situated meaning of sustainability and also underscore the role that wastewater and water reuse play in shaping ecologies, which in turn, helps to identify the environments of elimination that make specific innovations in the water sector possible. In conclusion, I suggest that in the broader context of potable water reuse, the toilet is in a perniciously powerful position to make city-spaces and shape the future citizenry.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: infrastructure, urban metabolism, Q methodology, water recycling, composting toilet</p>

Water Quality for Potable Reuse

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (10-12) ◽  
pp. 2171-2180 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Lauer
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Extensive Analysis ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
Direct Potable Reuse

Denver's Potable Water Reuse Demonstration Project is designed to examine the feasibility of converting secondary treated wastewater to potable water quality. A 1.0 mgd (44L/s) treatment plant began operation in 1985 and during the first three years many processes were evaluated. Data from the evaluation period was used to select the optimum treatment sequence which is now being used to produce samples for the two-year animal feeding health effects study now underway. Operation in this configuration will continue until early 1991 during which time comprehensive analytical studies will further define the water quality in relation to existing standards and Denver's current potable supply. A decision concerning the full-scale implementation of direct potable reuse will follow extensive analysis of the test results and in-depth economic evaluation.

Recent Advances in Water Reuse Research in South Africa

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (10-12) ◽  
pp. 2061-2071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter E. Odendaal
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Removal Technology ◽  
Quality Upgrading ◽  
Direct Potable Reuse

Due to limited water resources, water reuse is pursued as a major component of an overall strategy to optimise water use in South Africa. Progress in South African water reuse research, mainly since 1985, is reviewed. In the field of potable reuse research, the topics addressed are epidemiological studies, activated carbon, the microbiology of reclaimed water, bioassaying, and reverse osmosis. Information is provided on the scale of direct agricultural and industrial reuse of purified sewage effluents. Indirect reuse is steadily increasing and research which traditionally addressed direct potable reuse is becoming of equal relevance to indirect reuse. In addition, research becomes necessary on problems which relate specifically to indirect reuse, such as : treatment of algal waters, variation of raw water quality, upgrading of sewage effluent quality, organohalogens, and salination problems. Recent advances in research on internal water reuse by industry focused in particular on membranes and salt removal technology. Cases mentioned are textile dyehouse, scouring, bleaching and mercerising processes; bottle washing; wool scouring; water works wash water; and power station cooling.

Innovative Potable Water Purification without RO - Direct Potable Reuse Demonstration Pilot in Central Florida

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (12) ◽  
pp. 2340-2347 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.S Kumar ◽  
A Salveson ◽  
D.K Ammerman ◽  
E Steinle-Darling ◽  
J.A Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Purification ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Central Florida ◽  
Direct Potable Reuse

Water management in Windhoek, Namibia

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 441-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lahnsteiner ◽  
G. Lempert
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Financial Measures ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Direct Potable Reuse ◽  
The City

For decades, the city of Windhoek in Namibia succeeded in stretching their limited potable water resources through strict water management, latterly including wastewater reclamation and direct potable reuse. An integrated approach was followed and proper policies were put in place. This was followed up with appropriate legislation, education, policing and technical and financial measures with the result that extreme water shortages were overcome even in times of severe droughts.

scholarly journals Direct potable reuse – a feasible water management option

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lahnsteiner ◽  
P. van Rensburg ◽  
J. Esterhuizen
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Management Option ◽  
Biological Activated Carbon ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Indirect Potable Reuse ◽  
Direct Potable Reuse ◽  
Carbon Filtration ◽  
Long Term Experience

Abstract Direct potable reuse (DPR) can be more economic than indirect potable reuse as no environmental buffer is needed and conveyance and blending of the purified water with other potable sources is basically less expensive. Long-term experience in Windhoek (48 years) shows that treated domestic sewage can be safely and cost-efficiently utilized for potable reclamation (0.72 €/m3). A multiple barrier strategy is employed in order to attain the highest possible safety levels. There are three types of barriers: non-treatment, treatment and operational barriers. In recent years, new DPR schemes have been implemented in South Africa and in the USA, and the major difference between all the new reclamation processes and the Windhoek New Goreangab water reclamation plant lies in the employment of desalination process units. This topic and other issues, such as the use of ozone and biological activated carbon filtration, are addressed. Reclamation process optimization (increase in sustainability) and the attainment of greater public acceptance are the major challenges facing the promotion of DPR, which should become a common and widely used water management option within the next 5–10 years.

Long-Range Planning for Water Reuse in the City of Los Angeles

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahman Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
San Fernando ◽  
Near Term

While new sources of affordable potable water for Los Angeles will likely decrease or be unavailable in the future, sources of readily usable reclaimed water will double over the next decade. For many non-potable uses (e.g., landscape irrigation, industrial cooling, toilet flushing), reclaimed water can replace potable water, thereby making equivalent volumes of potable water available. Groundwater recharge with reclaimed water can further augment potable water supplies in significant volumes. Quantitative goals for water reuse were derived by comparing projected water demands with predicted dependable supplies. These goals are to reuse 40, 70, and 80 percent of the total effluent by the years 2010, 2050, and 2090, respectively. In this planning study, several water reuse concepts were evaluated for near-, mid-, and long-term application. For the near-term, several immediately implementable water reuse projects are recommended, involving landscape irrigation, industrial cooling and groundwater recharge. For the mid-term, massive groundwater recharge in San Fernando Valley and in Central and West Coast Basins is recommended. For the long-term, potable reuse and/or groundwater recharge appear to be the best options.

scholarly journals Progress on legal and practical aspects on water reuse with emphasis on drinking water – an overview

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Silvia Pereira Santos ◽  
Vimbai Pachawo ◽  
Marilia Carvalho Melo ◽  
José Manuel Pereira Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Global Evolution ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Direct Potable Reuse

Abstract The present study highlights the evolution, the progress and the prospects of future practices of water reuse in the world. The objective was to produce a comprehensive timeline on the global evolution and progress of water reuse. This was achieved through the analysis of the state of the art on the subject. The present study is a qualitative research, where three aspects have been considered to highlight the global evolution of water reuse: i) Regulations, Standards, Criteria or Guidelines (RSCG); ii) Indirect Potable Reuse Projects (IPR); and iii) Direct Potable Reuse Projects (DPR). The study focused on both legal and practical aspects of water reuse and considered 3 timelines in the context of RSCG, IPR and DPR: 29 RSCG instruments, institutionalized from 1918 to 2020, where only 4 instruments were solely dedicated to drinking water reuse; 10 IPR projects; 5 DPR projects. To achieve good, effective results, the regulatory framework must support the objectives of a structured water reuse policy in addition to guaranteeing legitimacy and maintaining public confidence. Integrated water and wastewater management, based on technological and scientific advances, has become a relevant aspect for implementation of more adequate measures by decision makers to address future global water challenges.

scholarly journals Fate and persistence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes through a multi-barrier treatment facility for direct potable reuse

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Wallmann ◽  
Jörg Krampe ◽  
Josef Lahnsteiner ◽  
Elena Radu ◽  
Pierre van Rensburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Treatment Facility ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Direct Potable Reuse

Abstract Given the availability of technological solutions and guidelines for safe drinking water, direct potable reuse of reclaimed water has become a promising option to overcome severe lack of potable water in arid regions. However, the growing awareness of the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) in corresponding raw wastes has led to new safety concerns. This study investigated the fate of ARB and intracellular and extracellular ARG after each treatment step of an advanced water treatment facility in Windhoek, Namibia. The New Goreangab Water Reclamation Plant (NGWRP) produces drinking water from domestic secondary wastewater treatment plant effluent and directly provides for roughly a quarter of Windhoek's potable water demand. Procedures to study resistance determinants were based on both, molecular biology and culture-based microbiological methods. TaqMan real-time PCR was employed to detect and quantify intracellular resistance genes sul1, ermB, vanA, nptII and nptIII as well as extracellular resistance gene sul1. The NGWRP reduced the amount of both culturable bacterial indicators as well as the resistance genes to levels below the limit of detection in the final product. The main ozonation and the ultrafiltration had the highest removal efficiencies on both resistance determinants.

scholarly journals Direct potable reuse: a future imperative

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold L. Leverenz ◽  
George Tchobanoglous ◽  
Takashi Asano
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Future Expectations ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Dual Distribution ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Direct Potable Reuse

As a result of population growth, urbanization, and climate change, public water supplies are becoming stressed, and the chances of tapping new water supplies for metropolitan areas are getting more difficult, if not impossible. As a consequence, existing water supplies must go further. One way to achieve this objective is by increased water reuse, particularly in supplementing municipal water supplies. Although water reuse offers many opportunities it also involves a number of problems. A significant cost for nonpotable water reuse in urban areas is associated with the need to provide separate piping and storage systems for reclaimed water. In most situations, the cost of a dual distribution system has been prohibitive and thus, has limited implementation for water reuse programs. The solution to the problem of distribution is to implement direct potable reuse (DPR) of purified water in the existing water distribution system. The purpose of this paper is to consider (a) a future in which DPR will be the norm and (b) the steps that will need to be taken to make this a reality. Following an overview, the rationale for DPR, some examples of DPR projects, technological and implementation issues, and future expectations are examined.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document