scholarly journals River water turbidity removal using new natural coagulant aids: case study of Euphrates River, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majeed Mattar Ramal ◽  
Arkan Dhari Jalal ◽  
Mohammed Freeh Sahab ◽  
Zaher Mundher Yaseen
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Aluminium Sulphate ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation ◽  
Coagulation Tests ◽  
Minimum Residual ◽  
Maximum Turbidity

Abstract For turbidity removal, most of drinking water treatment plants are using coagulants due to the presence of suspended and colloidal materials at the coagulation and flocculation units. Aluminium and sulphates salts are the widely used coagulants, such as Aluminium sulphate (Alum) and ferric chloride. However, several researches have linked Alzheimer's disease to the use of Aluminium sulphate. Hence, scholars have conducted several researches on the possibility to reduce the amount of Aluminium sulphate by using natural material/plants base as coagulant aids. In this study, Mallow's Leaves Extracts (MLE) and Carob's Pods Extracts (CPE) were used as an alternative coagulant aid. Couples of coagulation tests were implemented to find the optimal dosage of Aluminium Sulphates were used as coagulants. The results displayed that the maximum turbidity removal efficiency by adding 100% of each coagulant (i.e., Alum, MLE and CPE) were (61.16%, 51.175% and 37.12%), respectively. In addition, the minimum residual turbidity and maximum turbidity removal efficiency were 4.56 NTU and 97.72% by adding 22.5 Alum and 7.5 MLE presenting 30 mg/l dosing. Further, the minimum residual turbidity and maximum turbidity removal efficiency were 15.4 NTU and 92.3% by adding 22.5 Alum and 7.5 CPE presenting 30 mg/l dosing.

Comparative Study on the Different Coagulants for Mine Water

2013 ◽  
Vol 800 ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
Xiao Guang Zhao ◽  
Yuan Yuan Guan ◽  
Jia Qi He ◽  
Zhu Gui Huang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Mine Water ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Coagulation Tests

This article of mine water as the research object, using different coagulants (PAC, FC, AC) and coagulation tests of the mine water, to determine the removal of turbidity and organic matter most good coagulant PAC. Determine the optimal dosage of 16 mg / l, the mine water effluent turbidity removal efficiency of more than 90%, chemical oxygen demand CODCr removal rate reached more than 60%.

scholarly journals Use of Aloe vera as an Organic Coagulant for Improving Drinking Water Quality

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2024
Author(s):  
Abderrezzaq Benalia ◽  
Kerroum Derbal ◽  
Amel Khalfaoui ◽  
Raouf Bouchareb ◽  
Antonio Panico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Aluminum Sulfate ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Turbidity ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Maximum Turbidity ◽  
Optimal Ph

The coagulation–flocculation–sedimentation process is widely used for removal of suspended solids and water turbidity reduction. The most common coagulants used to conduct this process are aluminum sulfate and ferric sulfate. In this paper, the use of Aloe vera as a natural-based coagulant for drinking water treatment was tested. The bio-coagulant was used in two different forms: powder as well as liquid; the latter was extracted with distilled water used as a solvent. The obtained results showed that the use of the natural coagulant (Aloe vera) in both powder (AV-Powder) and liquid (AV-H2O) forms reduced the water turbidity at natural pH by 28.23% and 87.84%, respectively. Moreover, it was found that the use of the two previous forms of bio-coagulant for drinking water treatment had no significant influence on the following three parameters: pH, alkalinity, and hardness. The study of the effect of pH on the process performance using Aloe vera as a bio-coagulant demonstrated that the maximum turbidity removal efficiency accounted for 53.53% and 88.23% using AV-Powder and AV-H2O, respectively, at optimal pH 6.

scholarly journals Utilization of citrus microcarpa peels and papaya seeds as a natural coagulant for turbidity removal

2021 ◽  
Vol 920 (1) ◽  
pp. 012001
Author(s):  
Z Dollah ◽  
N H Masbol ◽  
A A Musir ◽  
N A Karim ◽  
D Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Natural Coagulant ◽  
Fruit Waste ◽  
Papaya Seeds ◽  
Negative Impacts

Abstract Coagulation and flocculation are an essential component of both the treatment of drinking water and the treatment of wastewater. The coagulant is one of the materials or substances that is added to the water to remove, stabilizes and causes colloidal particles to settle. Chemical coagulants such as aluminum sulphate (alum), ferric chloride, and synthetic polymers are the most commonly used coagulants in the industry due to their efficacy in turbidity removal. However, the use of chemical-based coagulants has had some negative impacts on human health and the environment, such as Alzheimer’s disease, and has produced a high volume of toxic sludge. In order to reduce negative impacts, this led to the discovery of an alternative to the natural coagulant (plant-based) for drinking water treatment. The coagulant used in this study is a combination of fruit waste containing citrus microcarpa peels and papaya seed with a ratio of 80:20 and 40:60. In addition to determining the potential of the composite natural coagulant, the optimal dosage and the effect of the mixing duration are also studied in order to determine the best mixing duration for each stage of the coagulation-flocculation process. Laboratory-scale studies using jar test experiments were conducted on surface water to determine the percentage of turbidity removal. Fruit waste was collected from the UiTM Pulau Pinang cafeteria, dried in the oven for 24 hours at a temperature of 105°C. The optimum dosage of composite natural coagulant is 90 mg/L using an 80:20 ratio of citrus microcarpa peels and papaya seeds with 97% of turbidity removal. The optimum mixing time is determined where the fast mixing time is 180 rpm for 3 minutes, the slow mixing time is 20 minutes with 10 rpm and the settling time is 30 minutes. The study shows that citrus microcarpa peels and papaya seeds have the potential to become effective natural coagulants in the future.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Mushroom (Pleurotus Pulmonarius) Waste as Natural Coagulant for Kaolin Synthetic Water via Coagulation-Flocculation Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 920 (1) ◽  
pp. 012020
Author(s):  
N A Zainol ◽  
H T Goh ◽  
S F F Syed Zainal
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Sludge Volume Index ◽  
Aluminium Sulphate ◽  
Pleurotus Pulmonarius ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Natural Coagulant ◽  
Flocculation Process ◽  
Synthetic Water

Abstract Coagulation-flocculation process is a widely used method in water treatment. In this study, mushroom waste was selected as natural coagulant to treat kaolin synthetic water via coagulation-flocculation process. Rotten mushroom and mushroom spent were evaluated separately. Functional group of mushroom wastes were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Optimum dosage and pH of mushroom wastes and aluminium sulphate in kaolin synthetic water treatment were examined through jar testing. A comparative study on the effectiveness of mushroom wastes and aluminium sulphate in kaolin synthetic water treatment was evaluated in terms of turbidity removal percentage and sludge volume index. Results obtained from jar testing show rotten mushroom and mushroom spent achieved turbidity removal efficiency of 99.73% and 99.25% respectively at optimal pH of 4 and optimal dosage of 5 mg/L whereas 99.91% of turbidity was eliminated by alum under optimum condition of pH 9 and dosage 25 mg/L. Under optimized condition, sludge volume index value obtained by rotten mushroom, mushroom spent and alum were 37.38 mL/g, 40.34 mL/g and 51.58 mL/g respectively. Overall, the finding indicated that mushroom waste could be a potential alternative to chemical coagulant since they are environmentally friendly, effective in turbidity removal, producing less sludge and pH independent.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF FLOCCULATION PROCESS BY MICROBIAL COAGULANT IN RIVER WATER

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatin Nabilah Murad
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Water Turbidity ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Effluent Concentration ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation ◽  
Flocculating Activity ◽  
Flocculation Process ◽  
Test Process ◽  
Maximum Turbidity

The existing process of coagulation and flocculation are using chemicals that known as cationic coagulant such as alum, ferric sulfate, calcium oxide, and organic polymers.  Thus, this study concentrates on optimizing of flocculation process by microbial coagulant in river water. Turbidity and suspended solids are the main constraints of river water quality in Malaysia. Hence, a study is proposed to produce microbial coagulants isolated locally for river water treatment. The chosen microbe used as the bioflocculant producer is Aspergillus niger. The parameters to optimization in the flocculation process were pH, bioflocculant dosage and effluent concentration. The research was done in the jar test process and the process parameters for maximum turbidity removal was validated. The highest flocculating activity was obtained on day seven of cultivation in the supernatant. The optimum pH and bioflocculant dosage for an optimize sedimentation process were between 4-5 and 2-3 mL for 0.3 g/L of effluent concentration respectively. The model was validated by using a river water sample from Sg. Pusu and the result showed that the model was acceptable to evaluate the bioflocculation process.

scholarly journals Auxipó as auxiliary agent of coagulation for pulp and paper industry wastewater

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 681-689
Author(s):  
Atila Brizola Ribas
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation ◽  
Industry Wastewater

The aim of this paper is to prove the applicability of Auxipó as an auxiliary agent of coagulation for pulp and paper industry wastewater. Thus, it is possible to clarify the effluent more efficiently before launching it in waterbodies. To test the applicability of the auxiliary agent of coagulation, two coagulation and flocculation assay diagrams were developed: the first diagram only shows coagulant dosages, and the second diagram represents the coagulant and Auxipó dosage. Both tests demonstrated efficiency in turbidity removal; however, the results showed higher removal efficiency after the dosage of Auxipó.

scholarly journals Alternative Approach to Conventional River Water Treatment Using Natural Coagulant

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.35) ◽  
pp. 739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Komathy Selvaraj ◽  
Lariyah Mohd Sidek ◽  
Megat Johari Megat Mohd Noor ◽  
Pramila Tamunaidu ◽  
Masafumi Goto
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
River Water ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Turbid Water ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Natural Coagulant ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation ◽  
Langat River ◽  
Natural Organic Material

Extensive studies have been conducted to discover natural, efficient and cost-saving coagulants for water treatment. Meanwhile, chemical coagulants are being used conventionally in drinking water treatment. This study investigates the efficacy of diatomite as a natural coagulant in river water treatment. First, synthetic turbid water was used to validate the coagulant efficiency. Then, coagulation and flocculation behaviors were studied by using the river water samples from Langat River and Semenyih River. Turbidity removal efficiency of synthetic turbid water revealed that a low dosage of 3.5 mg/L could reach turbidity reduction of 83.46%. The turbidity reduction for Semenyih River water with initial turbidity of 31.8 NTU was achieved at 91.7% with 18 mg/L dosage at pH of 7.4 whereby, for Langat River water with an initial turbidity of 43.3 NTU, the turbidity reduction was achieved at 94.5% with a dosage of 26 mg/L at pH of 8.0. These results showed that water turbidity removal was influenced by both high and low natural organic material. This is because the best dosage of coagulant is indirectly proportional to the molar mass of natural organic material. In conclusion, diatomite is a promising material to be used as a natural coagulant in water treatment applications.  

scholarly journals TURBIDITY REMOVAL BY MUCILAGE FROM BASELLA ALBA

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 505
Author(s):  
Le Thi Hoang Oanh ◽  
Nguyen Thi Lan Anh ◽  
Pham Lan Huong ◽  
Ha Xuan Nam ◽  
Luu Minh Loan
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Basella Alba ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation

Coagulation and flocculation are preliminary used in water treatment processes for turbidity removal, using popularily synthetic chemicals with health and environmental concerns. The use of natural flocculants has known to be a promising alteratives for chemical ones due to their environmental friendly behavior. This research investigated turbidity removal efficiency of mucilage extracted from Basella alba - an indigenous species in Vietnam - in the role of a flocculant. The removal efficiency of mucilage was investigated in combination with PAC or Alum on To Lich river water by mean of Jar tests. PAC or Alum alone can remove maximum 97% and 90% turbidity of To Lich river water at its original pH for the sedimentation time of 30 minutes. The combination of mucilage and PAC or Alum increased the efficiencies of turbidity removal and reduced the amount of chemicals needed. The corresponding increases were maximum 7% and 18%, respectively; while the reduction of PAC/Alum used was 75-80%.

Application of New Complex Flocculant in Seawater Desalination Pretreatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 556-562 ◽  
pp. 57-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Cheng ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Xiang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Carboxymethyl Chitosan ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Cod Removal Rate ◽  
Flocculation Effect

carboxymethyl chitosan modified to determine the optimum conditions for desalination pretreatment carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC): the optimal dosage of 8mg / L, turbidity removal efficiency of up to 92.8 %, COD removal rate was 53.25%; on this basis, polysilicon ferric chloride (PFSC) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) for seawater flocculation experiments, the best dosage of carboxymethyl chitosan 2mg / L, polysilicon ferric chloride 0.2mg / L, turbidity of seawater reached 96.6%, COD removal efficiency reached 81.4%; and with a single flocculant for seawater flocculation effect is carried out.

Optimal operations for groundwater denitrification of drinking water using heterotrophic biological denitrification process

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-130
Author(s):  
C.-H. Hung ◽  
K.-H. Tsai ◽  
Y.-K. Su ◽  
C.-M. Liang ◽  
M.-H. Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Denitrification Process ◽  
Heterotrophic Denitrification

Due to the extensive application of artificial nitrogen-based fertilizers on land, groundwater from the central part of Taiwan faces problems of increasing concentrations of nitrate, which were measured to be well above 30 mg/L all year round. For meeting the 10 mg/L nitrate standard, optimal operations for a heterotrophic denitrification pilot plant designed for drinking water treatment was investigated. Ethanol and phosphate were added for bacteria growing on anthracite to convert nitrate to nitrogen gas. Results showed that presence of high dissolved oxygen (around 4 mg/L) in the source water did not have a significantly negative effect on nitrogen removal. When operated under a C/N ratio of 1.88, which was recommended in the literature, nitrate removal efficiency was measured to be around 70%, sometimes up to 90%. However, the reactor often underwent severe clogging problems. When operated under C/N ratio of 1.0, denitrification efficiency decreased significantly to 30%. Finally, when operated under C/N ratio of 1.5, the nitrate content of the influent was almost completely reduced at the first one-third part of the bioreactor with an overall removal efficiency of 89–91%. Another advantage for operating with a C/N ratio of 1.5 is that only one-third of the biosolids was produced compared to a C/N value of 1.88.

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