scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF FLOCCULATION PROCESS BY MICROBIAL COAGULANT IN RIVER WATER

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatin Nabilah Murad
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Water Turbidity ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Effluent Concentration ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation ◽  
Flocculating Activity ◽  
Flocculation Process ◽  
Test Process ◽  
Maximum Turbidity

The existing process of coagulation and flocculation are using chemicals that known as cationic coagulant such as alum, ferric sulfate, calcium oxide, and organic polymers.  Thus, this study concentrates on optimizing of flocculation process by microbial coagulant in river water. Turbidity and suspended solids are the main constraints of river water quality in Malaysia. Hence, a study is proposed to produce microbial coagulants isolated locally for river water treatment. The chosen microbe used as the bioflocculant producer is Aspergillus niger. The parameters to optimization in the flocculation process were pH, bioflocculant dosage and effluent concentration. The research was done in the jar test process and the process parameters for maximum turbidity removal was validated. The highest flocculating activity was obtained on day seven of cultivation in the supernatant. The optimum pH and bioflocculant dosage for an optimize sedimentation process were between 4-5 and 2-3 mL for 0.3 g/L of effluent concentration respectively. The model was validated by using a river water sample from Sg. Pusu and the result showed that the model was acceptable to evaluate the bioflocculation process.

scholarly journals Use of Aloe vera as an Organic Coagulant for Improving Drinking Water Quality

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2024
Author(s):  
Abderrezzaq Benalia ◽  
Kerroum Derbal ◽  
Amel Khalfaoui ◽  
Raouf Bouchareb ◽  
Antonio Panico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Aluminum Sulfate ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Turbidity ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Maximum Turbidity ◽  
Optimal Ph

The coagulation–flocculation–sedimentation process is widely used for removal of suspended solids and water turbidity reduction. The most common coagulants used to conduct this process are aluminum sulfate and ferric sulfate. In this paper, the use of Aloe vera as a natural-based coagulant for drinking water treatment was tested. The bio-coagulant was used in two different forms: powder as well as liquid; the latter was extracted with distilled water used as a solvent. The obtained results showed that the use of the natural coagulant (Aloe vera) in both powder (AV-Powder) and liquid (AV-H2O) forms reduced the water turbidity at natural pH by 28.23% and 87.84%, respectively. Moreover, it was found that the use of the two previous forms of bio-coagulant for drinking water treatment had no significant influence on the following three parameters: pH, alkalinity, and hardness. The study of the effect of pH on the process performance using Aloe vera as a bio-coagulant demonstrated that the maximum turbidity removal efficiency accounted for 53.53% and 88.23% using AV-Powder and AV-H2O, respectively, at optimal pH 6.

Treatment of Textile Wastewater using Biodegradable Flocculants of Chitosan and Extracted Pandan Leaves

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norzita Ngadi ◽  
Nor Aida Yusoff
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Settling Time ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Test Experiment ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Solvent Extraction Method ◽  
Flocculation Process

The study investigated the performance of chitosan and extracted pandan leaves towards treatment of textile wastewater by using flocculation process. Pandan leaves were extracted by using solvent extraction method. Flocculation process was conducted using a Jar test experiment. The effect of dosage, pH, and settling time on reduction of COD, turbidity and color of textile wastewater was studied. The results obtained found that chitosan was very effective for reduction of COD, turbidity, color and indicator for color. The best condition for COD and turbidity removal was achieved at 0.2 g dosage, pH 4 and 60 minutes of settling time. Under this condition, about 58 and 99% of COD and turbidity was removed, respectively. However, the results obtained using extracted pandan was opposite compared to the chitosan. Extracted pandan was not able to remove both COD and turbidity of the waste. 

scholarly journals Enhanced Coagulation Efficiency of Moringa Oleifera Seeds Through Selective Oil Extraction

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suleyman A. Muyibi ◽  
Saad A. Abbas Megat Johari M. M. Noor Fakrul Razi Ahmadun
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Turbid Water ◽  
Water Turbidity ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Kaolin Suspension ◽  
High Turbidity ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Seed

In this laboratory based study, varying quantities of oil, corresponding to 20 % w/w, 25 % w/w and 30 % w/w kernel weight extracted from Moringa oleifera seeds ( S1, S2, S3) respectively  were applied in the coagulation of model turbid water (kaolin suspension) and turbid river water samples from River Batang Kali and River Selangor in Malaysia to determine the percentage oil removed which gave the best coagulation efficiency. For model turbid water (kaolin suspension) coagulation of low turbidity of 35 NTU, medium turbidity of 100 NTU and high turbidity of 300 NTU, sample S2  gave the best turbidity removal corresponding to 91.7%, 95.5% and 99% respectively. Application of sample S2 to River Batang Kali with low initial turbidity of 32 NTU and high initial turbidity of 502 NTU gave a highest turbidity removal of 69% and 99% respectively. Application to River Selangor with medium initial turbidity- of 87 NTU and high initial turbidity of 466 NTU gave a highest residual turbidity' of 94% and 98.9%,  respectively.Key words: Moringa oleifera seed, selective oil extraction, coagulation, model turbid water (kaolin suspension), river water, turbidity removal.

scholarly journals Pemanasan Sebagai Katalisator Bahan Koagulan Tawas dan Kapur dalam Pengolahan Air Sungai di Desa Penjaratan Kecamatan Pelaihari Kabupaten Tanah Laut Tahun 2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
Roby Astuti ◽  
Maharso Maharso ◽  
Sulaiman Hamzani
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Time Variation ◽  
Settling Time ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
P Value ◽  
Water Turbidity ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Heat Value ◽  
Adequate Quantity

Abstract: Heating As The Catalyst Of Alum And Lime Coagulant Materials In The River Water Processing In Penjaratan Village Pelaihari District Tanah Laut Regency In 2016. Water is a basic need in the human’s life. Therefore, water must be available in adequate quantity and quality such physical quality especially the turbidity at river water in. This study aims to find out the heat value as the catalyst of alum and lime coagulant materials in reducing the river water turbidity. The research method used is jar test, quasi- eksperiment designs in nature. Dependent variables in this study are turbidity and pH, independent variables are alum and lime doses and heating solution temperature. Data analysis is using Two-Way Anova statistical test.The study result in April 2016 shows there is a difference between catalyst without heating with early turbidity heating is 65.7 NTU and turbidity with processing without heating at settling time variation 5 minutes 20.7 NTU, 10 minutes 18.32 NTU and 15 minutes 17.45 NTU while with heating at settling time variation 5 minutes 14.27 NTU, 10 minutes 13.6 NTU and 15 minutes 13.1 NTU. The statistical test result shows the p-value in the catalyst is < 0.05 (there is a significant difference), while in the time and catalyst with time p-value > 0.05 (there is no significant difference). Keyword: Catalyst; Alum; Lime; Turbidity.

Analysis and optimization of flocculation activity and turbidity reduction in kaolin suspension using pectin as a biopolymer flocculant

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 771-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. C. Ho ◽  
I. Norli ◽  
Abbas F. M. Alkarkhi ◽  
N. Morad
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Kaolin Suspension ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation ◽  
Surface Graph ◽  
Flocculation Activity ◽  
Flocculating Activity ◽  
Slow Mixing

The performance of pectin in turbidity reduction and the optimum condition were determined using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The effect of pH, cation's concentration, and pectin's dosage on flocculating activity and turbidity reduction was investigated at three levels and optimized by using Box–Behnken Design (BBD). Coagulation and flocculation process were assessed with a standard jar test procedure with rapid and slow mixing of a kaolin suspension (aluminium silicate), at 150 rpm and 30 rpm, respectively, in which a cation e.g. Al3 + , acts as coagulant, and pectin acts as the flocculant. In this research, all factors exhibited significant effect on flocculating activity and turbidity reduction. The experimental data and model predictions well agreed. From the 3D response surface graph, maximum flocculating activity and turbidity reduction are in the region of pH greater than 3, cation concentration greater than 0.5 mM, and pectin dosage greater than 20 mg/L, using synthetic turbid wastewater within the range. The flocculating activity for pectin and turbidity reduction in wastewater is at 99%.

scholarly journals Competence of blended coagulants for surface water treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vara Saritha ◽  
Manoj Kumar Karnena ◽  
Bhavya Kavitha Dwarapureddi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Test Apparatus ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Floc Size ◽  
Surface Water Treatment ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation ◽  
Natural Coagulants ◽  
Surface Water Samples

AbstractOwing to the advantages of the natural coagulants under study, the present objective is to study the efficiency of blended coagulants: alum and chitin; alum and sago; and alum + chitin + sago. In this attempt, we have reduced the quantity of alum dose and added increasing quantities of the natural coagulants. The surface water samples collected from nearby sources were analyzed for the following parameters pre- and post-treatment with the coagulants. Coagulation and flocculation experiments were carried out using conventional jar test apparatus. Turbidity removal was observed to be nearly 99.29% at all pH ranges and doses. Removal of conductivity, solids and hardness was 58.83%, 32.03% and 33.33%, respectively. From the results obtained, it can be observed that the efficiency of blended coagulants in removal of various physicochemical parameters from the waters was better when compared to individual coagulants. The floc size in blend coagulants was larger than that of single coagulants. The data obtained in this study indicated the coagulation efficiency could be enhanced by using the blend coagulant.

scholarly journals The Optimum of Detention Time on Flocculation Unit Using A Laboratory Scale Prototype

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Regita Nurul Anggraeni
Keyword(s):  
Main Parameter ◽  
Pipe Diameter ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Water Turbidity ◽  
Detention Time ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Flocculation Process ◽  
Clarified Water

<strong>Abstract. </strong>Water used to meet the daily needs of human has different characteristics depending on the quality and amount of substances found in it. Turbidity can performance the quality of the water. The raw water used in this research comes from Kalimalang River. Coagulation and flocculation are one of the most important processes to remove the substances in raw water. Detention time is the main parameter for the flocculation process. <strong>Objectives. </strong>This research aims to find out the optimum of detention time in the flocculation prototype unit. <strong>Methods and result. </strong>Designing and assembling the flocculator lab-scale prototype using 20 cm of pipe diameter. Running the prototype and analysis the effect of detention time to the clarified water turbidity in 30 minutes of 1 Liter imhoff cone with raw water range 41-60 NTU in a long dry season. The result is the optimum clarified water turbidity is found in the 19,7 minutes detention time appropriate to the 41-60 NTU raw water turbidity range.<strong> Conclusion.</strong> The result shows, that the optimum detention time was obtained in 19,7 minutes for 41-60 NTU raw water turbidity range.

scholarly journals Alternative Approach to Conventional River Water Treatment Using Natural Coagulant

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.35) ◽  
pp. 739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Komathy Selvaraj ◽  
Lariyah Mohd Sidek ◽  
Megat Johari Megat Mohd Noor ◽  
Pramila Tamunaidu ◽  
Masafumi Goto
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
River Water ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Turbid Water ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Natural Coagulant ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation ◽  
Langat River ◽  
Natural Organic Material

Extensive studies have been conducted to discover natural, efficient and cost-saving coagulants for water treatment. Meanwhile, chemical coagulants are being used conventionally in drinking water treatment. This study investigates the efficacy of diatomite as a natural coagulant in river water treatment. First, synthetic turbid water was used to validate the coagulant efficiency. Then, coagulation and flocculation behaviors were studied by using the river water samples from Langat River and Semenyih River. Turbidity removal efficiency of synthetic turbid water revealed that a low dosage of 3.5 mg/L could reach turbidity reduction of 83.46%. The turbidity reduction for Semenyih River water with initial turbidity of 31.8 NTU was achieved at 91.7% with 18 mg/L dosage at pH of 7.4 whereby, for Langat River water with an initial turbidity of 43.3 NTU, the turbidity reduction was achieved at 94.5% with a dosage of 26 mg/L at pH of 8.0. These results showed that water turbidity removal was influenced by both high and low natural organic material. This is because the best dosage of coagulant is indirectly proportional to the molar mass of natural organic material. In conclusion, diatomite is a promising material to be used as a natural coagulant in water treatment applications.  

Performance Study of Tube Settlers in Removing Low Turbidity From The Tigris River Water Using a Bench Scale Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Abdulmuhsin Shihab ◽  
Aladdin Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Inclination Angle ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Tigris River ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation

The current research aims to evaluate the efficiency of tube settlers in removing low turbidity of Tigris River water in Mosul city, then comparing the results with the conventional settler. Laboratory model for tube settler is designed and manufactured for conducting the experiments. The model consists of a coagulation and flocculation basin containing a mixer. This basin is connected with water fixing level basin which is used to obtain a uniform flow in the model. This basin is followed by another one which is called pre-tube settler basin. After that came the tube settler unit. It consists from 4 tubes of square section and 4 x 4 cm2 in dimension and manufactured at five levels of inclination angle: 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 degrees. These tubes are manufactured at 40 cm in length and their length can be increased by connecting additional pieces with a length of 20 cm to obtain the studied length levels: 60, 80, 100 and 120 cm. Alum is added as a coagulant with six levels at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25mg/L. At the same time, another model was designed and manufactured for conventional settler from glass for making experiments parallel to the tube settler and compare the results between them. The initial turbidity of raw water ranged from 20-29 NTU during the study period. Turbidity removal percent was used as an indicator of tube settler efficiency. The highest turbidity removal percent reached 80.53% with an effluent turbidity of 5.1 NTU at 120 cm length,15 mg/L alum dose and 60° inclination angle. The results showed an increase in turbidity removal percent with increasing the tube length at all levels of the inclination angle and alum dose. The tube settler exceeds the conventional one by 20-30% in removing percent of low turbidity within the range of 20-29 NTU of the Tigris River water. Additionally, the short detention time of tube settlers compared with the conventional one can be utilized to increase the production of the plant. This can be achieved by installing modular tube settler units in the sedimentation tanks of the old water treatment plants.

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