scholarly journals Effectiveness of Mushroom (Pleurotus Pulmonarius) Waste as Natural Coagulant for Kaolin Synthetic Water via Coagulation-Flocculation Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 920 (1) ◽  
pp. 012020
Author(s):  
N A Zainol ◽  
H T Goh ◽  
S F F Syed Zainal
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Sludge Volume Index ◽  
Aluminium Sulphate ◽  
Pleurotus Pulmonarius ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Natural Coagulant ◽  
Flocculation Process ◽  
Synthetic Water

Abstract Coagulation-flocculation process is a widely used method in water treatment. In this study, mushroom waste was selected as natural coagulant to treat kaolin synthetic water via coagulation-flocculation process. Rotten mushroom and mushroom spent were evaluated separately. Functional group of mushroom wastes were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Optimum dosage and pH of mushroom wastes and aluminium sulphate in kaolin synthetic water treatment were examined through jar testing. A comparative study on the effectiveness of mushroom wastes and aluminium sulphate in kaolin synthetic water treatment was evaluated in terms of turbidity removal percentage and sludge volume index. Results obtained from jar testing show rotten mushroom and mushroom spent achieved turbidity removal efficiency of 99.73% and 99.25% respectively at optimal pH of 4 and optimal dosage of 5 mg/L whereas 99.91% of turbidity was eliminated by alum under optimum condition of pH 9 and dosage 25 mg/L. Under optimized condition, sludge volume index value obtained by rotten mushroom, mushroom spent and alum were 37.38 mL/g, 40.34 mL/g and 51.58 mL/g respectively. Overall, the finding indicated that mushroom waste could be a potential alternative to chemical coagulant since they are environmentally friendly, effective in turbidity removal, producing less sludge and pH independent.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the use of plantain starch as a natural coagulant for the removal of colour and turbidity in water for human consumption

Revista EIA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (33) ◽  
Author(s):  
Candelaria Nahir Tejada Tovar ◽  
Angel Villabona Ortíz ◽  
Rodrigo Ortega Toro ◽  
Millan Aníbal Marta ◽  
Natalia Licona Dager
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Aluminium Sulphate ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Natural Coagulant ◽  
Stirring Rate ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Synthetic Water

Aim. To evaluate the effect on pH, removal of turbidity and colour, using plantain starch as a natural coagulant, extracted by wet and basic route, in a sample of synthetic water. Materials and methods. The starch was extracted by placing the pre-treated biomass in contact with water or a NaOH solution for 20 h at 18 ° C, and then separating by filtration. The efficiency in the removal of turbidity and colour was carried out using a jug test, varying the initial concentration of coagulant and the stirring rate. Results. It was found that the starch obtained by the wet route presented a higher level of turbidity reduction compared to that obtained with NaOH, reaching an efficiency of 94.6%; using 150 mg/L of coagulant and 40 rpm, and having a better performance than the synthetic coagulant aluminium sulphate (Al2(SO4)3). Conclusions. The variable evaluated with the highest linear influence is the combination of stirring rate and coagulant concentration. The use of plantain starch extracted by wet route is recommended for use in water treatment for human consumption, highlighting its nature as an advantage over Al2(SO4)3.

scholarly journals Utilization of citrus microcarpa peels and papaya seeds as a natural coagulant for turbidity removal

2021 ◽  
Vol 920 (1) ◽  
pp. 012001
Author(s):  
Z Dollah ◽  
N H Masbol ◽  
A A Musir ◽  
N A Karim ◽  
D Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Natural Coagulant ◽  
Fruit Waste ◽  
Papaya Seeds ◽  
Negative Impacts

Abstract Coagulation and flocculation are an essential component of both the treatment of drinking water and the treatment of wastewater. The coagulant is one of the materials or substances that is added to the water to remove, stabilizes and causes colloidal particles to settle. Chemical coagulants such as aluminum sulphate (alum), ferric chloride, and synthetic polymers are the most commonly used coagulants in the industry due to their efficacy in turbidity removal. However, the use of chemical-based coagulants has had some negative impacts on human health and the environment, such as Alzheimer’s disease, and has produced a high volume of toxic sludge. In order to reduce negative impacts, this led to the discovery of an alternative to the natural coagulant (plant-based) for drinking water treatment. The coagulant used in this study is a combination of fruit waste containing citrus microcarpa peels and papaya seed with a ratio of 80:20 and 40:60. In addition to determining the potential of the composite natural coagulant, the optimal dosage and the effect of the mixing duration are also studied in order to determine the best mixing duration for each stage of the coagulation-flocculation process. Laboratory-scale studies using jar test experiments were conducted on surface water to determine the percentage of turbidity removal. Fruit waste was collected from the UiTM Pulau Pinang cafeteria, dried in the oven for 24 hours at a temperature of 105°C. The optimum dosage of composite natural coagulant is 90 mg/L using an 80:20 ratio of citrus microcarpa peels and papaya seeds with 97% of turbidity removal. The optimum mixing time is determined where the fast mixing time is 180 rpm for 3 minutes, the slow mixing time is 20 minutes with 10 rpm and the settling time is 30 minutes. The study shows that citrus microcarpa peels and papaya seeds have the potential to become effective natural coagulants in the future.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Psophocarpus Tetragonolobus’s Seed as Turbidity Removal

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.11) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Kamel S ◽  
Zaki Z. Z. M ◽  
Kassim J
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Psophocarpus Tetragonolobus ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Natural Coagulant ◽  
Aluminium Sulfate ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Potential Resource ◽  
High Turbidity

High turbidity in water not only will reduce the quality of water itself but it can give impact to the ecosystem as well. In water treatment, coagulation and flocculation are the process involved in removing turbidity. Chemical coagulant such as aluminium sulfate (Alum) and ferric chloride are effective way and widely used in order to remove the turbidity in water. However, these chemical coagulants have a side effect in spite of the effectiveness in turbidity removal, the usage of alum and other chemical coagulants bring concerns due to its impact to the environment, human health and economy. Therefore, natural coagulant is another alternative for turbidity removal in water treatment. Natural coagulant is a plant-based coagulant which can be used to replace chemical coagulants. These coagulants are generally cheaper and safer than chemical counterparts. This research is conducted to compare the effectiveness of natural based coagulant made from Psophocarpus tetragonolobus and chemical coagulant in improving the quality of raw water. Findings from this study showed P. tetragonolobus can remove turbidity up to 60 percent with 40 ml, 1% solution. Therefore, P. tetragonolobus can be considered as a potential resource for natural coagulant.  

scholarly journals USE OF MANDACARU (Cereus Jamacaru) AS A NATURAL COAGULANT FOR WATER TREATMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (31) ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
Joicy Ribeiro dos SANTOS ◽  
Maslândia Nogueira VIEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Natural Coagulant ◽  
Muddy Water ◽  
The Core ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Aluminum Sulphate ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Flocculation Process

Before arriving at our houses, it passes for many steps on Water Treatment Stations, wherein one of them it is used industrial coagulants, mainly aluminum sulphate, in order to reduce the turbidity. Even being much efficient on that process, this coagulant shows many disadvantages, as the production in a large amount of sludge (which is dumped on rivers). It is growing the number of research which looks for substitute industrial coagulants for natural ones. Some published works use extracted polymer from different types of cactus. In order to obtain one simple methodology for water treatment, using a natural product on coagulation/flocculation process, this work uses cactus Mandacaru. The used water on this research was collected from Dourado River, in Currais Novos-RN. The parameters of turbidity and pH in triplicate were analyzed. The obtained results showed that the part of cactus between the core and the shell, named extern part, it showed more efficient. Analyses done for 240 minutes, using 1g of that material obtained reductions in turbidity value bigger than 90%. arriving to value less than 5 UNT, as recommend by legislation. There was no significant alteration in pH values of studied systems. Rural communities will be able to use this methodology in muddy water.

scholarly journals Alternative Approach to Conventional River Water Treatment Using Natural Coagulant

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.35) ◽  
pp. 739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Komathy Selvaraj ◽  
Lariyah Mohd Sidek ◽  
Megat Johari Megat Mohd Noor ◽  
Pramila Tamunaidu ◽  
Masafumi Goto
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
River Water ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Turbid Water ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Natural Coagulant ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation ◽  
Langat River ◽  
Natural Organic Material

Extensive studies have been conducted to discover natural, efficient and cost-saving coagulants for water treatment. Meanwhile, chemical coagulants are being used conventionally in drinking water treatment. This study investigates the efficacy of diatomite as a natural coagulant in river water treatment. First, synthetic turbid water was used to validate the coagulant efficiency. Then, coagulation and flocculation behaviors were studied by using the river water samples from Langat River and Semenyih River. Turbidity removal efficiency of synthetic turbid water revealed that a low dosage of 3.5 mg/L could reach turbidity reduction of 83.46%. The turbidity reduction for Semenyih River water with initial turbidity of 31.8 NTU was achieved at 91.7% with 18 mg/L dosage at pH of 7.4 whereby, for Langat River water with an initial turbidity of 43.3 NTU, the turbidity reduction was achieved at 94.5% with a dosage of 26 mg/L at pH of 8.0. These results showed that water turbidity removal was influenced by both high and low natural organic material. This is because the best dosage of coagulant is indirectly proportional to the molar mass of natural organic material. In conclusion, diatomite is a promising material to be used as a natural coagulant in water treatment applications.  

Performance Evaluation of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) as Coagulant for Turbidity Removal in Water Treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 594-595 ◽  
pp. 226-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ridwan Fahmi ◽  
Nasrul Hamidin ◽  
Che Zulzikrami Azner Abidin ◽  
M. Ali Umi Fazara ◽  
M.D. Irfan Hatim
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Natural Coagulant ◽  
Water Treatment Process

The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of turbidity removal in water by using Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) as natural coagulant. The coagulation active agent in various Okra sections was extracted with distilled water and NaCl 1.0 M solutions. Synthetic water containing kaolin with turbidity of 55 NTU was used as water source in this study. The result shows that Okra seed that extracted both with distilled water and NaCl 1.0 N solution has the potential advantage as natural coagulant for turbidity removal in comparison with other sections of the plant. However, the seed is not economically feasible to be used as coagulant. The dried Okras leaf that commonly considered as waste material could be proposed as an alternative coagulant in water treatment process, due to its similarity in coagulation behaviour with Okras seed. FTIR analysis on leaf shows that chemical functional groups in protein were significantly removed after extraction with distilled water and NaCl 1.0 N solution. The result indicated a strong correlation between the protein content and turbidity removal efficiency, which eventually suggest that the protein in Okra could potentially be an active agent in coagulation process.

scholarly journals APLIKASI KOAGULAN ALAMI DARI TEPUNG JAGUNG DALAM PENGOLAHAN AIR BERSIH

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eka Prihatinningtyas
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Settling Velocity ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Natural Coagulant ◽  
Solids Removal

Maize can be used as natural coagulant in water treatment process.The aim of this research was find the optimum condition on water treatment using natural coagulant from maize. Maize extract made by dissolving 5 grams of maize into 100 ml NaCl. The solution separated by centrifugation. The supernatant named extract of maize. Extract of maize loaded onto column packed with Amberlite and produced ionic maize.The active components are carboxyl, hydroxyl and amides groups. Ionic maize yield better turbidity removal than extract of maize. Coagulation withh high initial turbidity gave high efficiency of turbidity removal than low turbidity. Coagulation process runs efficiently at pH 5 because at that point the isoelectric point was obtained. The flowrate less than 0.03 m/ min, the alum will provide the efficiency of suspended solids removal greater than extract of maize. While the over flowrate higher than 0.03 m / min, settling velocity of kaolin using alum and extract of maize are the same.

scholarly journals River water turbidity removal using new natural coagulant aids: case study of Euphrates River, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majeed Mattar Ramal ◽  
Arkan Dhari Jalal ◽  
Mohammed Freeh Sahab ◽  
Zaher Mundher Yaseen
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Aluminium Sulphate ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation ◽  
Coagulation Tests ◽  
Minimum Residual ◽  
Maximum Turbidity

Abstract For turbidity removal, most of drinking water treatment plants are using coagulants due to the presence of suspended and colloidal materials at the coagulation and flocculation units. Aluminium and sulphates salts are the widely used coagulants, such as Aluminium sulphate (Alum) and ferric chloride. However, several researches have linked Alzheimer's disease to the use of Aluminium sulphate. Hence, scholars have conducted several researches on the possibility to reduce the amount of Aluminium sulphate by using natural material/plants base as coagulant aids. In this study, Mallow's Leaves Extracts (MLE) and Carob's Pods Extracts (CPE) were used as an alternative coagulant aid. Couples of coagulation tests were implemented to find the optimal dosage of Aluminium Sulphates were used as coagulants. The results displayed that the maximum turbidity removal efficiency by adding 100% of each coagulant (i.e., Alum, MLE and CPE) were (61.16%, 51.175% and 37.12%), respectively. In addition, the minimum residual turbidity and maximum turbidity removal efficiency were 4.56 NTU and 97.72% by adding 22.5 Alum and 7.5 MLE presenting 30 mg/l dosing. Further, the minimum residual turbidity and maximum turbidity removal efficiency were 15.4 NTU and 92.3% by adding 22.5 Alum and 7.5 CPE presenting 30 mg/l dosing.

scholarly journals A Preliminary Study of Banana Stem Juice as a Plant-Based Coagulant for Treatment of Spent Coolant Wastewater

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habsah Alwi ◽  
Juferi Idris ◽  
Mohibah Musa ◽  
Ku Halim Ku Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Natural Coagulant ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Banana Stem

The effectiveness of banana stem juice as a natural coagulant for treatment of spent coolant wastewater was investigated . Three main parameters were studied, namely, chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SSs), and turbidity of effluent. Coagulation experiments using jar test were performed with a flocculation system where the effects of spent coolant wastewater pH as well as banana stem juice dosage on coagulation effectiveness were examined. The highest recorded COD, SS, and turbidity removal percentages by banana stem juice were 80.1%, 88.6%, and 98.5%, respectively, observed for effluent at pH 7 using 90 mL dosage. The inulin concentration in the banana stem was examined to be 1.22016 mg/mL. It could be concluded that banana stem juice showed tremendous potential as a natural coagulant for water treatment purposes and could be applied in the pretreatment stage of Malaysian spent coolant wastewater prior to secondary treatment.

scholarly journals Guazuma ulmifolia: an environmentally friendly coagulant aid for water treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 1579-1585
Author(s):  
Leticia Cardoso Madureira Tavares ◽  
Alisson Carraro Borges ◽  
Teresa Cristina Fonseca da Silva ◽  
André Pereira Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Excellent Agreement ◽  
Aluminum Sulfate ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Guazuma Ulmifolia ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Flocculation Process ◽  
Rotatable Design ◽  
Synthetic Water

Abstract In the present work the use of a promising novel coagulant aid, Guazuma ulmifolia, was optimized to treat synthetic water using central composite being highly efficient at rotatable design (CCRD). The factors evaluated for the coagulation-flocculation process were coagulants dosages and pH. A model to describe the coagulation-flocculation process was successfully obtained. The model was validated using 5 mg L−1 aluminum sulfate, 2.5 mg L−1G. ulmifolia and pH 9, achieving excellent agreement with observed values.

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